The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of roasted peanuts and the antioxidative effect of peanut oil added with sesame oil. Saltiness of roasted peanut increased with increasing salt content. In terms of color value, L and b values decreased as increasing concentration increased, whereas a value increased with increasing salt content. Overall, sensory evaluations proved that roasted peanuts with 15% added salt was preferred over other samples. For peanut oil added with sesame oil, acid values increased during the storage period, whereas samples made with sesame oil had lower values than the control group. Peroxide values increased rapidly for 21 days and then decreased. The acid and peroxide values were lower in peanut oil added with 50% sesame oil compared to peanut oil added with 30%, 10%, and 70% sesame oil, as well as the control. The TBA values of peanut oil made with 50% and 30% sesame oil were lower than those of the control and 70% and 10% sesame oil. According to the Rancimat method, PS-50% (524 min) and PS-30% (453 min) demonstrated longer induction periods as compared to the control (280 min), PS-70% (445 min), and PS-10% (291 min) samples.

Sewerage age more rapidly than other facilities, leading to the destruction of the pipeline. Therefore, the replacement of old sewer pipes through long-term construction is costly. In order to solve this problem, this study investigated the ferronickel based sewer pipe with improved chemichal resistance and durability from concrete rigidity pipe. ABAQUS was used as the finite element analysis program and the load was calculated by the method given in the sewage facility standard. Therefore, the results of this study can be referenced in the design and construction of sewer pipes.

During a construction of a road, a temporary bridge is often connected to a existing bridge. In this case, a fatigue stability problem, which is not considered in the design of the bridge, can be occurred in the main girder of the existing bridge due to the vehicle load direction change. In this study, the fatigue stability of the main girder and cantilever slab of the bridge was tested with the allowable fatigue stress of the design specifications of the road bridge. The big stress change was occurred at 55m away from the support, and the middle point of the span. Furthermore, the excess of the allowable fatigue stress of the design specifications of the road bridge was confirmed at the cross section. Hence, it was concluded that the reinforcements for the cantilever slab and main girder of the bridge are required. The bridge after the reinforcement was tested for the fatigue stability, and it was confirmed that the bridge is safe.

안동⋅임하 유입지천의 저서성대형무척추동물의 군집안정성 분석을 위해 4개 지점(St.1, St.2, St.3, St.4) 선정 후 2016년 5월부터 9월까지 총 4회 조사를 실시하였다. 총 5문 8강 18목 56과 108종 53,368.8개체가 조사되었고, 안동호(St.1, St.2)는 총 4문 6강 14목 49과 82종 31,253.9개체, 임하호(St.3, St.4)는 총 5문 7강 17목 50과 83종 22,114.9개체 가 조사되었다. 전체 출현 분류군 중 하루살이목이 안동호 17종(20.7%), 임하호 16종(19.3%)으로 가장 많은 종수비율을 차지하였다. 출현 저서 동물을 대상으로 군집분석을 실시한 결과 안동호의 평균 우점도지수는(DI) 0.66 평균 다양도지 수(H') 2.39 평균 풍부도지수(R1) 2.47 평균 균등도지수(J') 0.55로 나타났다. 임하호의 평균 우점도지수는 0.59, 평균 다양도지수 2.69, 평균 풍부도지수 2.61, 평균 균등도지수 0.62로 나타났다. 군집안정성분석 결과 두 수계 모두‘I’그룹(저 항력↑, 회복력↑)에 속하는 종들의 출현율이 안동호 66.2%, 임하호 62.5%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

In this study, we investigated to the heat transfer performance of coating nano-structure with various shapes and patterns on the heat transfer surface. As a result of the measurement of the 3D nano shape, it was confirmed that the roughness generally increases when the adhesive is sprayed on the coating surface and finished durability experiment. In the case of TEOS adhesive, the roughness increased by 0.074 ㎛, 0.012 ㎛ and 0.015 ㎛, and the contact angle decreased 12.64°, 1.31°, 9.84° at the coating time of 120 seconds, 180 seconds and 240 seconds, respectively. In the case of PVA adhesive, the roughness increased by 0.069 ㎛, 0.056 ㎛ and 0.03 ㎛, and the contact angle decreased 2.85°, 4.82°, 6.96° at the coating time of 120 seconds, 180 seconds and 240 seconds, respectively. In the case of DGEBF adhesive, the roughness increased by 0.042 ㎛, 0.053 ㎛ and 0 ㎛, and the contact angle decreased 0.81° at the coating time of 120 seconds, increased 4.82°, 6.96° at the coating time of 180 seconds and 240 seconds, respectively. As a result, the durability tends to decrease as more nano-structures are deposited, and 3D nano shapes, contact angles and SEM photographs showed that the performance of the PVA adhesive was superior among the three adhesives.

Background: The multiple hop test is an active performance test that has been commonly used to assess individuals with functional ankle instability. Previous studies have suggested that insufficiency of dynamic postural stability and passive stability during dynamic activities can have an influence on performance in the multiple hop test. However, no study has investigated the effects of dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing on multiple hop test performance in individuals with functional ankle instability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of dynamic postural stability training versus ankle bracing in the performance of the multiple hop test for participants with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-nine participants with functional ankle instability who scored below 24 in the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool were selected. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a dynamic postural stability training group (n1=14) and an ankle bracing control group (n2=15). The multiple hop tests were performed before and after applying each intervention. Dynamic postural stability training was performed using visual-feedback-based balance-training equipment; participants in this group were asked to perform a heel raise in a standing position while watching the centering of their forefoot pressure to prevent excessive ankle inversion. Ankle bracing was applied in the control group. Results: When comparing the pre- and post-intervention period for both groups, both methods significantly improved the results of the multiple hop test (p<.05). However, no significant differences were shown between the dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing groups (p>.05). Conclusion: Both dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing showed significant improvement (2.85 seconds and 2.05 seconds, respectively) in test performance. Further study is needed to determine the long-term effects of dynamic postural stability training and to determine whether insufficient dynamic postural stability is a causative factor for functional ankle instability.

For people who have a food allergy the only way to manage the allergy is to avoid the food allergen. The mackerel is one of the major food allergens, but no immunoassay for the rapid and simple detection of mackerel has been reported. The objectives of this study are to develop and characterize monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to mackerel using thermal stable-soluble proteins (TSSP) as an immunogen and to characterize the MAbs by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The mice immunized with mackerel TSSP and showing high titer were used for cell fusion and cloning. The characterization of MAbs produced from hybridoma cells obtained was confirmed by indirect ELISA and western blot. Four MAbs were confirmed to be specific to mackerel without crossreaction to other marine products and livestock products in the both methods. The iELISA and western blot based on the MAbs can sensitively detect 1% mackerel protein in other marine products. These results support that immunochemical methods based on the MAb produced could be used as rapid means to detect low levels of mackerel and to identify mackerel adulterated in food.

We have investigated the washing method of as-synthesized CdSe/ZnS core/shell structure quantum dots (QDs) and the effective surface passivation method of the washed QDs using PMMA. The quantum yield (QY%) of assynthesized QDs decreases with time, from 79.3% to 21.1%, owing to surface reaction with residual organics. The decreased QY% is restored to the QY% of as-synthesized QDs by washing. However, the QY% of washed QDs also decreases with time, owing to the absence of surface passivation layer. On the other hand, the PMMA-treated QDs maintained a relatively higher QY% after washing than that of the washed QDs that were kept in toluene solution for 30 days. Formation of the PMMA coating layer on CdSe/ZnS QD surface is confirmed by HR-TEM and FT-IR. It is found that the PMMA surface coating, when combined with washing, is useful to be applied in the storage of QDs, owing to its long-term stability.

The objectives of this study, which filled gaps in previous studies, were: (1) to find the optimal mixing condition of nanoemulsions containing oleoresin capsicum (OC), Tween 80, propylene glycol (PG), and sucrose monostearate (SES) by microfluidization; (2) to investigate their properties and stability depending on such factors as pH, temperature, and heating time; (3) to measure the effect of adding ascorbic acid. In order to test these objectives, the following three experiments were conducted: Firstly, in order to find the optimal mixing ratio, nanoemulsions containing OC - the mean diameter of which is smaller than 100 nm - were prepared through the process of microfluidization; and their mean particle size, zeta potential, and capsaicinoids were measured. The test results indicated that the mixing ratio at OC : Tween 80 : PG + water(1:2) = 1 : 0.2 : 5 was optimal. Secondly, the properties and stability of nanoemulsions were investigated with varying parameters. The test results illustrated that single-layer nanoemulsions and double-layer nanoemulsions coated with alginate were stable, irrespective of all the parameters other than/except for pH 3. Thirdly, the properties of nanoemulsions were then analyzed according to the addition of ascorbic acid. The results demonstrated that the properties of single-layer nanoemulsions were not affected by addition of ascorbic acid. In case of alginate double-layer nanoemulsions, the particle size was reduced, and zeta potential increased with the addition of ascorbic acid. In conclusion, the demonstrated stability of various nanoemulsions under the different conditions in the present study suggests that these findings may constitute a basis in manufacturing various food-grade products which use nanoemulsions-and indicate that food nanoemulsions, if adopted in the food industry, have the potential to satisfy both the functionality and acceptability requirements necessary to produce commercially marketable food-grade products.

Edible insects have gained recognition worldwide as complementary protein sources. Recently, four edible insects were newly allowed to be used as food materials in Korea: the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the cricket (Velarifictorus asperses), the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis), and the rhinoceros beetle larva (Allomyrina dichotoma). In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stabilities of these four edible insects during cold storage. The insects were sacrificed by blanching for 3 minutes in boiling water. The blanched insects were then stored at 4℃ in an incubator for 42 days. The color values, titratable acidity, peroxide values, acid values, TBARS, contents of VBN, and total plate counts of the insects were measured at days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, respectively. Blanching decreases oxidative stresses during storage. At day 0, the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva showed the highest values for acid value, TBARS, VBN, and microbial counts. Most of the oxidative indicators were significantly changed at day 14 in all four insects, possibly related with the growth on all microbial plates. Based on microbial safety and the oxidative stabilities of lipids and proteins, optimal storage conditions for the cricket, the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva, and the rhinoceros beetle larva were 10~14 days at 4℃. Likewise, the mealworm showed rapid oxidation after day 14, but poor qualities were not observed until day 28.

Graphite was diffusion-bonded by hot-pressing to W-25Re alloy using a Ti interlayer. For the joining, a uniaxial pressure of 25 MPa was applied at 1600 oC for 2 hrs in an argon atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 oC min−1. The interfacial microstructure and elemental distribution of the W-25Re/Ti/Graphite joints were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hot-pressed joints appeared to form a stable interlayer without any micro-cracking, pores, or defects. To investigate the high-temperature stability of the W-25Re/Ti/Graphite joint, an oxy-acetylene torch test was conducted for 30 seconds with oxygen and acetylene at a 1.3:1 ratio. Cross-sectional analysis of the joint was performed to compare the thickness of the oxide layer and its chemical composition. The thickness of W-25Re changed from 250 to 20 μm. In the elemental analysis, a high fraction of rhenium was detected at the surface oxidation layer of W-25Re, while the W-25Re matrix was found to maintain the initial weight ratio. Tungsten was first reacted with oxygen at a torch temperature over 2500 oC to form a tungsten oxide layer on the surface of W-25Re. Then, the remaining rhenium was subsequently reacted with oxygen to form rhenium oxide. The interfacial microstructure of the Ti-containing interlayer was stable after the torch test at a temperature over 2500 oC.

본 연구에서는 돈지육 및 돈육 조직 내에 열안정성 수용성 단백질의 존재 여부를 확인하고 항체 생산에 있어항원으로의 사용 가능 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 돈지육 및 돈육을 생(raw) 시료와 조리된(cooked) 시료로 구분하여 비열처리 및 열처리법으로 단백질을 추출한 후 단백질 존재여부를 단백질 정량과 SDS-PAGE로 확인하였다. 그 결과 돈지육과 돈육 모두 생 시료를 비열처리법으로 추출한 시료의 경우 25~100 kDa 사이의 다양한 단백질이 확인된 반면 시료를 가열하거나 추출 시 열처리를 한경우 돈지육에는 100 kDa 이상의 단백질과 30 kDa 및 15 kDa 이하의 일부 단백질이, 돈육에는 100 kDa 이상과 30 kDa 이하의 단백질이 확인되어 돈지육과 돈육에 열안정성 수용성 단백질이 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이들 열안정성 수용성 단백질을 마우스에 면역 후 항혈청 역가를 측정한 결과 면역한 모든 마우스에서 높은 역가를 나타내었고, 생산된 혈청은 돈지육과 돈육에 각각 특이적인 반응성을 보인 반면 다른 축육과 지방육에 대해서는 반응성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이러한 연구결과를 볼 때 돈지육 및 돈육에 존재하는 열안정성 수용성 단백질이 돈지육과 돈육에 특이적으로 반응하는 항체를 개발하는데 유용한 마커로서 활용이 가능하며, 열안정성 수용성 단백질에 대한 항체개발은 열처리된 축육 가공품 중 돈지육 및 돈육의 분석에도 매우 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to provide important basic information about effective management of the marine environment at major inflow streams in Lake Andong and Lake Imha. The investigation was conducted 8 times from May, 2015 (AD1, AD2, IH1, IH2) to September, 2016 (AD3, AD4, IH3, IH4), and 8 surveyed sites were selected at Lake Andong (4 sites) and Lake Imha (4 sites). The inquiry identified 114 species, 59,913.7 inds. m-2 in Lake Andong and 112 species, 39,038.4 inds. m-2 in Lake Imha. The results indicate that the number of species and individuals in Lake Andong is more than that in Lake Imha, because Lake Andong has a variety of riparian vegetation and a richness of organic materials. Community analysis at Lake Imha revealed a dominant index of 0.57 (±0.18), a diversity index of 2.87 (±0.31), an evenness index of 0.73 (±0.04), and a richness index of 4.17 (±0.71). The results of functional feeding group analysis showed that a high proportion of species and individuals are gathering collectors. The results of functional habitat group analysis showed that a high proportion of species and individuals are clingers. The result of a physico-chemical water assay and dissolved oxygen and electric conductivity tests revealed that these measures increased when the water temperature decreased. The result of Pearson’s correlation analysis by biological factors and physico-chemical factors showed that species and electric conductivity are highly correlated with one another. Major inflow streams of Lake Andong and Lake Imha were exposed to various point pollution sources and non-point pollution sources. This implies a necessity for continuous monitoring of the aquatic ecosystems in order to effect systematic water quality management of Lake Andong and Lake Imha.

즉석사진 이미지의 광택을 측정하여 화질을 평가하는 방법으로 사용하였다. 촬영 방법이나 얻어진 색 상에 따라 광택값이 다르게 측정되었으나, 외관상 매우 광택이 높다는 선입견과는 달리 다른 고광택 이미지 에 비하여 조금 낮은 광택을 나타내었다. 즉석사진 이미지에 열이나 습기, 다림질과 같은 손상요인을 가하였 지만 광택값은 감소하지 않았고 오히려 다소 향상되는 경향을 보였다. 다만 초산에 담가 온풍으로 말리자 광 택값이 감소하는 현상을 나타냈는데 약품에 의한 이미지나 코팅막의 손상이 의심되었다. 이와 달리 카탈로그 이미지는 언급된 손상요인들 모두에 대하여 광택의 감소를 주었으며 특히 초산에 담근 경우 광택값이 절반으 로 감소하였다. 즉석사진은 상이 불안정하다는 편견과 달리 광택 측정에 있어서는 여러 손상요인에 대하여 매우 안정하며 이런 성질을 이용한다면 보다 다양한 분야에서의 이미지 보관에 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

In recent years, single layer latticed domes have attracted many designers and researchers's attention all over the world, because single layer latticed domes as space structure are of great advantage in not only mechanical rationality but also function, fabrication, construction and economic aspect. One of the most important factor, in building of single-layer single-layer lattice spherical dome with 300m span, is to ensure the structural safety. Network pattern of single layer latticed domes can be infinitely taken into account. The typical network patterns are triangle, square, hexagon etc. Especially triangular network pattern has mechanically more advantage than the other network patterns because of having not only a large equivalent shearing rigidity but also a large equivalent bending rigidity and axial rigidity. Among the triangular network pattern, that is, 3 way grid pattern, there are many mechanical differences according to the arranging methods of members. In order to ensure the structural stability of single-layer latticed dome with 3 way grid, designers are required to maintain a constant member length and the member angle. In order to achieve this, it is important to search the member array that the standard deviation of the member lengths and angles is the smallest. This paper is to develop the arrangement of member and to verify its validity for single-layer latticed spherical dome with 300m span.

예부선이 항행할 경우 부선의 회두운동으로 인하여 예선은 조종성능에 제한을 받기 때문에 부선의 회두운동을 감소시켜야 안전한 예항업무를 이행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 부선의 침로안정성을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 부선의 회두운동에 영향을 미치는 항목들을 조사하기 위하여 수조실험을 실행하였다. 선수 형상에 따라 회두운동 특성이 다르게 나타나기 때문에 서로 다른 선수 형상을 지닌 부선 모델을 대상으로 스케그의 영향, 예인선속의 영향, 예인삭 길이의 영향, 브라이들의 영향에 대하여 종합적으로 분석하였다. 실험결과 스케그의 설치 위치에 의한 효과는 선수형상에 따라서 다르게 나타나고 있는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 부선의 회두운동은 부선에 연결된 예인삭의 길이가 길수록 부선의 회두가 작아짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한 예인삭만 연결한 상태보다 예인삭에 브라이들을 연결하는 것이 부선의 회두가 작아지며, 브라이들의 길이가 길어질수록 부선의 회두운동이 크게 작아짐을 알 수 있었다.

느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus)은 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 버섯류 중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 버섯 으로 재배방식의 발달과 더불어 품질이 균일하고 수량성이 높은 혼합배지를 개발하고자하는 많은 연구가 수 행되어 왔다. 느타리버섯의 인공재배에 이용되는 배지의 종류 또한 재배양식에 따라 달라지는데 느타리버섯 재배 초기는 원목재배에서 많은 수량을 내기위해 볏짚과 방울솜을 이용한 균상재배가 이루어 졌다. 그런데 느타리버섯생산이 생력화 되고 자동화 되면서 원재료가 바꿔지게 되었는데 사용되는 원재료는 톱밥을 주재 료하고 여기에 부재료로 다양한 영양원이 첨가된 배지로 버섯을 생산하였다. 부 재료로 미강, 밀기울, 비트펄 프, 면실박, 면실피, 건비지 등이 사용되고 있다. 그런데 사회의 구조변화로 도시화와 산업화로 인해 식품소 비패턴의 변화는 농축산물에 대한 안전성 문제가 대두 되었다. 이에 따라 정부에서는 농산물 안전 관리 요구 로 우수농산물(GAP)을 도입 다양한 농산물 안전관리제도를 운용하게 됨에 따라 버섯도 이에 대응한 자실체 를 생산하기 위해 적정기준이 마련되어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 느타리버섯 병재배에 사용되는 주재료 및 부재료 그리고 생산된 자실체에서 유해성 등을 조사하여 안전한 버섯을 생산하는 기준을 설정하고자 하 였다.

Membrane distillation (MD) has been researched as one of the promising seawater desalination processes, because of its advantages such as (1) high energy efficiency, high water flux and less fouling sensitivity. [1] Herein, thermally rearranged (TR) polymer membranes are introduced for MD application. The TR membranes were investigated by SEM, contact angle, CFP and LEPw. TR membranes showed a great MD performance with high water flux and long-term stability.