중앙아시아 고려인들은 150여년간 민족정체성을 잃지 않은 재외동포이다. 그들은 본인의 의지와 무관하게 디아스포라가 되었다는 점에서 독특한 이주 역사를 가지고 있다. 그들은 아직까지도 중앙아 시아, 연해주, 한국 등 각 지역에서 디아스포라의 삶을 이어가고 있다. 세계화 시대를 맞아 재외동포의 가치가 높아지고 있는 현실을 감안한다면, 이들을 한민족의 테두리 안에 포용하는 일이 시급하고 중요 하다고 할 수 있다. 이 글은 150년이 넘는 중앙아시아 고려인들의 디아스포라로서의 삶을 통시적으로 살펴보면서 그들이 민족정체성을 유지할 수 있었던 원인이 무엇인지 고찰한다. 특히, 가족과 결혼문화 의 변화를 중심으로 살펴본다. 강제이주와 정착, 그리고 현지 적응 과정에서 가족의 해체와 재결합이 어떻게 이루어졌는지, 그리고 세대별 결혼관이 어떻게 변해 왔는지 살펴본다. 이는 중앙아시아 고려인 들의 민족정체성 유지의 역사를 제대로 이해하는 방법이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 결혼은 민족의 생물학적 DNA를 전승하는 데 가장 중요한 매개이다. 어떤 민족이든 결혼을 통해 혈통의 재생산과 민족적 정체 성을 유지해 간다. 따라서 중앙아시아 고려인들의 삶을 세대별 결혼관을 통해 살펴보는 것은 그들의 민족정체성의 단면을 파악할 수 있는 유용한 방법이라고 할 수 있다.

Heavy bitumen scattered in the underground sedimentary layer is a kind of unconventional energy source, and by extracting it, a production well is excavated in the sedimentary layer and high-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected to reduce the viscosity of bitumen and recover it to the ground steam assisted method is applied. As a recovery method that uses the steam effect of the dilution effect of solvent injection, it is a recovery method that can increase thermal efficiency. In this study, the process system of the central processing facility(CPF) of the hybrid steam-solvent recovery method that injects solvent into the existing steam assisted method was analyzed, and the core facilities for each process were identified, and hybrid steam-solvent recovery compared to the existing steam assisted method. In the case of the method, it was evaluated that the amount of steam supply and all utility costs decreased according to the solvent injection.

The PoN (Proof of Nonce) distributed consensus algorithm basically uses a non-competitive consensus method that can guarantee an equal opportunity for all nodes to participate in the block generation process, and this method was expected to resolve the first trilemma of the blockchain, called the decentralization problem. However, the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm can be greatly affected by the network transaction transmission delay characteristics of the nodes composing the block chain system. In particular, in the consensus process, differences in network node performance may significantly affect the composition of the congress and committee on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a problem by analyzing the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm, and suggested a fairness control algorithm using a learning-based probabilistic acceptance rule to improve it. In addition, we verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by conducting a numerical experiment, while considering the block chain systems composed of various heterogeneous characteristic systems with different network transmission delay.

PURPOSES : In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of nitrogen oxide and fine particulate matter concentration for boarding positions at the bus stop of an exclusive bus lane, using a correlation analysis and a generalized linear model. METHODS : To analyze the air pollution characteristics for boarding positions at the bus stop, data on nitrogen oxide, fine particulate matter concentration, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and bus traffic volume were acquired. Using the collected data, a correlation analysis for nitrogen oxide and fine particulate matter was carried out for each boarding position. Additionally, the prediction models for each pollutant were estimated using a generalized linear model, to analyze their characteristics. RESULTS : Correlation analysis revealed that relative humidity and bus volume were positively correlated with both nitrogen oxide and fine particulate matter concentrations in all boarding positions, whereas temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were negatively correlated. Based on the estimated models from the generalized linear model, the nitrogen oxide concentration at the first measurement point was found to be affected by relative humidity, temperature, and bus volume, whereas at the second measurement point, it was found to be affected by relative humidity, temperature, and solar radiation. Additionally, all factors were significant for fine particulate matter concentration at both boarding positions. CONCLUSIONS : The analytical results indicated that the characteristics of nitrogen oxide and fine particulate matter concentration at the bus stop of an exclusive bus lane varied significantly depending on the boarding positions. Particularly, it was found that the correlation between solar radiation, and nitrogen oxide and fine particulate matter was different because of the conversion of nitrogen oxide to fine particulate matter.

본 논문은 중국 중앙과 지방정부 간 종교정책의 상호작용성을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. ｢종교사무조례｣는 중국 최초의 종교행정법규인데, 이는 국무원령과 지방정부령 의 두 가지 버전이 존재한다. 즉 국무원령 조례가 따로 있고, 성‧시‧자치구는 관할지역의 종교적 특수성을 반영한 조례를 따로 제정해 시행하고 있다. 왜냐하면 중국은 지역마다 민족 구성성분과 종교적 상황이 다르므로, 하나의 통일된 조례를 모든 지역에 동일하게 적용하기 힘들기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문은 중앙-지방정부가 제정한 조례들을 비교 분석함으로써, 중국 종교정책의 상호작용성을 밝히고자 한다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration in an exclusive median bus lane station. The hourly variations of NOx concentration and the effect of traffic volume on NOx concentration were analyzed using NOx measurement data and the number of vehicles at the station. METHODS : Data were collected using the chemiluminescence method for NOx concentration. Atmospheric information and traffic volume of buses were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration and Bus Information System, respectively. RESULTS : As a result, the NO2 concentration in the test section was found to have a strong correlation with those in the atmospheric measurement station located near the test-bed. In addition, the average NOx concentrations in the test section were significantly higher than those of the other monitoring stations due to bus emissions. The average NOx concentration in the exit section was higher than that in the entry section owing to the vehicle’s frequent stops and fuel consumption due to acceleration. During the measurement period, the average NOx concentration was measured as approximately 33 % higher in the exit section than in the entry section. In addition, the NOx concentration at the bus station was found to increase as the bus dwell time increased, rather than the number of bus passages. CONCLUSIONS : This study provides clear characteristics of the NOx correlations with traffic information in an exclusive median bus lane station. It was shown that the NOx concentration at the bus station increased as the number of passes and bus dwell time increased. According to the coefficient of determination, the dwell time is more closely correlated to the NOx concentration at the bus station than the number of bus passes, indicating that it is a better parameter for predicting NOx concentration at bus stations.

작년 2019년 11월, 세계몽골학회(IAMS)와 사단법인 중앙아시아학회(KACAS)는 우리 나라 국립중앙박물관에서 <세계몽골학회 제3차 아시아학술회의>를 열었다. 학술회의 주제는 ‘몽골의 문화유산－고고학과 문헌자료’였고, 세계 10개 나라의 몽골학 연구자 62인이 주 제발표를 하였다. 그 가운데 몽골정부의 문화정책 담당자 3인이 몽골의 문화유산정책과 몽골학 정책에 대해 소개한 바 있다. 따라서 이 글에서는 몽골정부의 문화정책과 몽골학 정책에 대해 언급하고, 세계 각국이 개최한 전시사례를 중심으로 흉노, 튀르크, 위구르, 거란, 몽골제국 등 몽골의 문화자산을 바탕으로 중앙유라시아의 문화정체성을 어떻게 보여주고 있는지 살펴보고자 한다.

This study investigates phonological variations of the Gyeongsang dialect speakers in dialect contact situations in Seoul. This study also examines what factors have significant effects on these phonological variations. It focuses on social factors: ‘gender’, ‘language attitude’, ‘length of residency in Seoul’ and in particular, ‘age group’ that is classified based on whether the participants received compulsory education where standard Korean is used. The tendency of the phonological variation is disproportionate for each phonological variable. In direct dialect contact situations in Seoul, Gyeongsang dialect speakers undergo phonological variation almost all the phoneme and phonological rule but the relatively low toneme. But this quantitative loffwness of the variation degree on toneme variant is not absent in the knowledge of the phonological pattern of Seoul Korean, but rather is hard to adapt or habituate it. In other words, the achievement of toneme variation requires a certain amount of acquisition period compared to the other variants. This study shows that it may take about 20 years to adapt to the phonological patterns of Seoul Korean. The statistical analysis of phonetic data suggests that all social factors investigated in this study influence a speaker's frequency of use of the Seoul Korean variants. Especially, each age group shows different tendency of influence of social factors. Old speaker group influences by social factors in the following order: ‘gender’, ‘length of residency’ and ‘language attitude’. In the case of young, on the other hand, the order is ‘language attitude’, ‘length of residency’ and ‘gender’.

본 계획의 목적은 정유재란 남원성전투의 역사적 현장이자 구 남원역 터인 중앙공원에 대한 기본계획과 운영프로그램을 계획하여 남원시의 다른 관광자원과 연계방안을 제시하는 것이다. 대상지의 역사성과 다크투어리즘에 대한 이론적 고찰, 입지여건, 자연환경, 인문환경 등 현황분석, 관련법규 검토, 주민/상인 설문조사 분석을 통해 기본구상안을 도출하고 마스터플랜을 수립하였다. 향후 남원성 북문과 성곽 복원을 고려하여 최소한의 시설을 도입하였다. 성곽 외 지역은 정유재란 당시 4일간 남원성에서 전개되었던 남원성전투를 시계열적으로 상징화하였고 성곽 내 지역은 기존 철도관련 시설을 활용하는 공간을 도입하였으나 남원성 복원 후에는 철거 하고 원형으로 복원하는 것을 전제로 하였다. 부지의 장소성을 기념하고 역사의식 고취를 위한 체험 프로그램을 제안하였고 유사테마와 연계, 인접한 관광자원과의 연계를 통해 관광객 방문을 유도하고자 하였다.

This study analyzed the dietary behaviors and adaptation for Korean foods among Central Asian workers(Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan) living in South Korea to provide basic and fundamental data that allows Central Asian workers to have desirable eating habits while living in South Korea. Questionnaires were completed by 186 Central Asian workers living in South Korea. From this study, we found that 56.8% of respondents ate three meals a day, and 27.2% of respondents ate two meals a day. 29.7% of respondents had no snacks. For adapting Korean food, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan workers had difficulties adapting spicy and salty flavors and unpleasant smell while Kazakhstan workers had difficulties due to sweet flavors and spicy and salty flavors. Men adapted better than women to adapt Korean food. Women respondents ate Korean food more often than men. And the Uzbekistan ratio of eating homeland food daily was the highest. By providing understanding of dietary patterns of Central Asian workers, these results can be used as the basic and fundamental data for their Korean food adaptation.

In this paper I examine the controversy about the shift of writing systems in Azerbaijan and five Central Asian countries. The transition from Cyrillic to Latin alphabet is important as a symbol of elimination of Soviet traditions, independence from Russia, revival of national identity, facilitation of informations in the West, and contact with the Western civilization. Currently, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan have implemented a transition to Latin alphabet. The shift of the writing system in Azerbaijan is the most successful, followed by Turkmenistan. Uzbekistan is regarded as having half success, since both of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets still co-exist. Among the remaining three central Asian countries, Kazakhstan has been actively promoting the conversion to Latin alphabet, planning to complete the conversion by 2025, but there will be many obstacles to its realization. In other words, they need to overcome the opposition of many Russians, Russian speakers, and the Russian Federation. Also an initiative of the second president Tokaev, who was appointed in March 2019, is uncertain. In Kyrgyzstan, there have been no attempts of conversion until recently, but it is also possible to begin discussions regarding the shift of the writing system by looking at geopolitical situations including Kazakhstan's experience. In Tajikistan, unlike other countries, the transition to the Arabic-Persian alphabet is discussed. A successful transition of the writing system in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan will depend on the relationship with the Russian government. As a result, the change of writing system depends on the external relationship with Russia, financial conditions, and agreement between the Russian-speaking and young generations.