본 연구는 맞벌이 가정을 위한 돌봄교실 운영과 주5일제 수업 정착을 위한 토요방과후학교 활성화 등질 높은 방과후학교 운영이 요구되는 시기에 ‘꿈과 끼를 키우는 다양한 내실있는 체험중심 방과후학교 운영을 통해 학교에서 긍정적 정서와 습관, 가치 있고 의미 있는 활동에의 몰입, 좋아하고 잘하는 분야에서 의 자아실현 등으로 행복한 학교생활을 하기 위함을 목적으로 한다. 실천 활동으로 꿈과 끼를 키울 수 있는 체험중심의 여건 조성 및 다양한 프로그램의 내실있는 운영, 발표회 등이 행복한 학교생활 조성에 긍정적인 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있었다. 실천 전후 설문분석결과 체험중심 다양한 방과후학교 프로그램의 내실 있는 운영에 대한 학생과 학부모의 만족도가 운영 전보다 높았고 체험중심 다양한 방과후학교 운영으로 학생들의 학교생활이 즐겁고 행복해졌다고 분석되었다. 분석결과에 대한 결론은 체험중심의 다양한 방과후학교 프로그램 개발을 위한 여건 조성을 통해 학생의 꿈과 끼를 살릴 수 있는 다양한 방과후학교 교육활동이 추진되어 방과후학교 교육의 효과가 극대화 되었고 내실 있는 운영을 통해 학교 밖에서 이루어지고 있는 과외활동 등의 사교육을 학교 안으로 끌어 들여 공교육을 활성화시키고, 학부모로부터 신뢰받는 교육풍토를 조성하며, 학생들의 꿈과 끼를 키울 수 있는 다양한 방과후학교 교육활동이 이루어졌다. 또한 꿈과 끼를 키우는 체험중심 방과후학교 운영을 통한 행복한 학교 만들기 프로그램을 통해 학생들에 게 창의성과 소질을 계발하는 기회를 제공하고, 올바른 인성이 함양되어 행복한 학교생활을 하게 되었다.

A research was conducted on Seoul regional elementary, middle, and high school nutritionists to study about their perception of HACCP control standards & performance conditions and sanitation & safety inspection, to seek for more efficient methods of school meals' sanitation system settlement. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected, and out of these, 300 school results were analyzed. As for CCP 1 performance conditions, 43.3% of the nutritionist put emphasis on temperature control for cooking duration and 71.0% said that they manage both temperature and PHF food control. In CCP 2 stage, 65.8% of the nutritionists maintained the food's temperature, and 56.7% documented the recordings after cooking. A total of 79.3% of the schools scored above 90 points on school meal sanitation & safety inspection, 3.72 points on necessity for revisions, 3.38 points on objectivity, and 3.34 points on reliability. As for these results, a clear CCP control criteria as well as training must be set. Also, because the necessity of revision for sanitation & safety inspection is higher than reliability and objectivity, appropriate complementary measures must be taken.

This study was implemented to understand the motivation factors for 2nd grade schoolchildren that effect on their preference for the sweet taste. The subjects included were 118 children (59 boys and 59 girls) and 118 children's guardians, from one elementary school. Children participated in sweet preference test and questionnaire survey with researcher's guidance provided in the school. Children's guardians were asked to fill out the questionnaire via home-letters. The results were as follows: 59% of the children preferred the cocoa beverage with the highest concentration of sugar among five cocoa beverages (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of sucrose/milk volume). The variables consisted of affective attitude, cognitive attitude, self-efficacy, parenting style, and sweets frequency. According to the analysis, sweet preferences were correlated with children's affective attitude (r=－0.207, p<0.01), self-efficacy (r=－0.288, p<0.01), frequency of drinking carbonated beverage (r=0.272, p<0.01), preference for yogurt (r=0.184, p<0.05), and preference for sweet bread (r=0.226, p<0.05). These results indicated that children can be more affected by affective attitude than cognitive attitude, and self-efficacy can be an important motivation factor to control the eating behavior related to sweets. Therefore, nutrition educators need to focus on developing various methods related to increasing self-efficacy for encouraging and motivating healthy eating behavior in children.

The aim of this study is to provide the fundamental information on satisfaction for school food service and dietary habits of middle school students in Sejong Special Self-Governing City. Generally, the subjects had a high satisfaction level for school food service. The boys had comparatively more satisfactory days for school food service than the girls. The most dissatisfactory factors of school food service were the taste and variety of menu for the girls, and the time and place for lunch and the service of employee for the boys. The intersexual differences existed with a significant difference in the irregular intake of meals, the reasons to skip meals, and the eating speed. For the boys, the main reason to skip meals was due to lack of appetite, and for the girls, it was the weight-control. The boys finished each meal within 5~10 min and ate more than the amount the girls eat in general. The main components of breakfast for the subjects were a cooked rice, soup, and side dish in 65.9%, and the frequency of skipping breakfast was high with 32.8%, which was once per week. The favorite snacks for the middle school students were cookies and beverages in 29.4%, instant foods in 24.3%, and hamburger and pizza in 21.4%. The intake frequency of snacks was once or twice per week in 46.5% of the subjects. In addition, the subjects had a very high intake frequency of fastfoods with once or twice per week in 72.7%, and the most favorite fastfood was ramen in 57.7%. The subjects in 45.3% took dairy food every day. In conclusion, the middle school students need nutrition education to improve their eating habit and to increase the frequency of breakfast.

This study examined the effects of teaching contextual inference and word association strategies on 5th grade elementary school students' vocabulary knowledge development. A total of 56 students participated in the current study, as divided into either the contextual inference group or the word association group. The vocabulary proficiency levels of the participants were also considered and the students in each group were further divided into either the upper level group or the lower level group. The participants experienced six treatment sessions, and in each session they had to study five vocabulary items using each of the two vocabulary learning strategies. The posttest and delayed posttest results indicated that both strategies were effective for the vocabulary knowledge development of the upper level group as well as the lower level group. Some possible implications for elementary school English classrooms in Korea are discussed.

This study was designed to develop a scale to measure primary school English teachers’ professionalism based on affective factors. The Swailes' (2003) scale was used to best reflect the local context where teachers in primary schools teach English to young learners. Three surveys were sent to a total of 1,008 primary school English teachers. Three different focus groups were used to refine the survey items in the modification process from the first to the third survey. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analysis. These results showed the validity of fifteen items for investigating primary English teachers’ professionalism: four items related to 'professional commitment', three related to 'professional autonomy', three items related to professional belief in public service, three items to profession as referent, and two items to professional regulation. It is hoped that the scale items developed in this study can be used to identify the standard of professionalism of primary English teachers and provide policy makers or school decision makers with data that can be used to enhance professionalism within the community of primary English teachers.

학교 교육과정의 자율화가 확대됨에 따라 단위학교를 중심으로 교사의 교육과정 역량을 강화하기 위한 방안을 탐색하는 연구는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 이에 본 연구에서는 단위 학교의 교육과정 편성 운영 자율성 확대에 부응하기 위해 요청되는 교사의 전문성, 자율성, 책무성 확대 방안을 교사의 교육과정 역량 측면에서 찾고자 하였다. 미래 학교의 교사는 구체적인 학교 상황에서 교육과정을 어떻게 해석하고 적용할 것인지를 탐색하고 개발하는 역할을 수행하도록 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 문헌분석, 국내외 사례연구, 설문조사 등을 통해 과학 교사의 학교 교육과정 편성 운영 역량의 발휘 실태를 진단하였다. 과학교사들은 교육과정 운영에서의 실질적 자율성 부족, 인프라 미비, 학생성취도로 책무성을 묻는 체제, 숙고를 위한 시간의 부족, 교육과정에 대한 주체성 인식 부족 등이 교사의 자율적 학교 교육과정 편성 운영의 장애요인이라고 지적하였다. 본 연구의 결론 부분에서는 과학교사를 비롯한 현장 교사의 교육과정 역량 발휘의 장애요인에 대한 해결 방안으로 실질적 자율화의 확대, 현장 교사의 교육정책 결정 참여 활성화, 학교평가에서 정성적 요소 강화, 교사의 직급 및 승진 경로의 다양화를 통한 교육과정 역량 강화, 교사의 학습공동체 참여 활성화 등을 제안하였다.

It's long been noted that a serious discrepancy exists between elementary school English classes and middle school English classes. This study explores the differences in the teacher talks of elementary and middle school classrooms. To this end, three elementary school English classes and three middle school English classes are tape-recorded, and their teacher utterances are analyzed according to forms of utterances, functions of utterances and language types. The result shows that elementary school English teachers use significantly more command forms and feedback than middle school English teachers while they use significantly more non-class related utterances more than elementary school teachers. They utter class-related managerial and disciplinary categories significantly more than middle school English teachers while they do miscellaneous categories significantly more than elementary school teachers. In terms of languages teachers use in the classroom, elementary school teachers speaks English significantly more than middle school English teachers. Elementary school teachers tend to use plain Korean to individual students while using formal Korean to the whole class. Middle school teachers tend to use formal Korean irrespective of whole group, small group and individual students.

In order to evaluate the quality of indoor air due to the remodeling and newly-built in S City, 60 schools wereinvestigated in formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). One school exceeded thenational standard of formaldehyde 100µg/m³ at 1st measurement. Thirty-eight schools showed higher level ofTVOCs over 400µg/m³ at 1st measurement. Twelve schools showed higher level of TVOCs over 400µg/m³ at2nd measurement. This result derived from TVOCs which originated from the building materials and finishingmaterials. To prevent the pollution of indoor air quality at schools caused by formaldehyde and TVOCs, therecommendation of environmentally-friendly building materials, the diminishment of emission by bakeout process,the efficient combination of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation, and antibacterial effect of chemicalcontrol measures as photo-catalysts should be given positive investigation.

The present study investigates affective factors which affect primary English teachers' professionalism. For the analysis of the study, quantitative data was obtained from 576 primary school English teachers who responded to a questionnaire. Qualitative data was also collected from three different focus group interviews and ten individual interviews. A quantitative data analysis shows that collective teacher-efficacy is the best predictor of primary school English teachers' professionalism among the three factors of self-efficacy, organization-based self-esteem, and collective self-efficacy. This result is consistent with interview data which shows that more positive than negative comments are observed in regards to collective teacher-efficacy. Pedagogical implications have been discussed.

목 적: 본 연구는 초등학생을 대상으로 현성굴절검사와 조절마비굴절검사 결과를 비교하고 저학년과 고학년의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 근시인 저학년(1.2.3학년) 91명 182안, 고학년(4.5.6학년) 58명 116안 총298안을 대상으로 조절마비제와 미드린피를 점안 전과 후에 자동굴절검사기와 검영기로 굴절검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 조절마비 전과 후에 구면굴절력은 각각 ?1.23±0.80D와 ?1.08±0.83D로 조절마비굴절검사의 근시도가 0.16±0.24D (t=-2.182 p

We investigated the distribution of asbestos in Seoul for 16 school buildings built before and after 1990, includingkindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. The risk assessment standards of AHERA,HSE and ASTM were reviewed and a comparative analysis of assessment standards was conducted in schoolbuildings. For the risk assessment of 16 schools, 170 samples were selected, each of which was assessed usingstandards of AHERA, HSE and ASTM. The school buildings included the ACM (asbestos containing materials)ranged 3-4% of chrysotile and 1-3% of amosite in classroom ceilings and has 7-8% chrysotile in partitions of studenttoilets. The airborne concentrations of fiber materials were ranged with 0.002-0.022 fiber/cc in school buildingsby PCM. In this study, a simplified rating scale was used three categories of Good, Damaged and SignificantlyDamaged. In the result of comparative analysis for the risk assessment criteria, it was found that 113 samples, 132samples and 82 samples were classified as Good when assessed by AHERA, HSE and ASTM, respectively; and46 samples, 29 samples and 53 samples as Damaged, respectively; and 12 samples, 8 samples and 34 samples asSignificantly Damaged, respectively. From the distribution of asbestos and the comparative analysis for the riskassessment criteria, the management plan and new risk assessment were made based on the Korea backgroundshould be established to control asbestos exposure to students from damaged ACM and will be revealed that theassessment for the current condition and potential for disturbance on asbestos in school buildings.

목적 : 학령기 아동의 우울과 인지왜곡이 학교에서의 기능적인 수행능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 장애아동과 일반아동간의 우울, 인지왜곡, 학교에서의 기능적 수행능력의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 초등학교 2학년에서 6학년까지, 경기지역에서 아동발달센터를 이용하는 장애아동과 지역아동센터를 이용하는 일반아동 102명을 대상으로 한국형 소아 우울 척도(Children’s Depression Inventory; CDI), 아동용 부정적 인지 오류 질문지(Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire; CNCEQ), 학교에서의 기능적 과제 수행능력 평가(School Function Assessment; SFA)를 측정하였다. 그 중 90부를 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 기술통계, 빈도분석, 독립표본 t 검정, 단계적 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 장애아동은 일반아동에 비해 우울 정도가 높고, 부정적 인지왜곡이 심하며, 학교에서의 기능적 과제수행능력이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 학교에서의 기능적 과제수행능력에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 부정적 인지오류의 하위영역인 학업성취 영역이 확인되었고, 설명력은 25.2% 이었다. 결론 : 학령기 아동을 치료하는 작업치료사는 아동기 우울과 인지적 왜곡에 대한 이해를 높이고, 아동의 부정적 반응에 적절한 대처를 할 수 있도록 심리학적 지식과 기술을 치료에 응용할 필요가 있다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 10-week dietary education on elementary students in an after-school program in Seoul. Participants were 20 1-2 grade students and 283-6 grade students, and the dietary program consisted of dietary education and activities focused on children’s levels of understanding. The results were as follows: Total participant’s food habit scores and nutrition knowledge significantly increased (p<0.05) after dietary education. Food habit and nutrition knowledge scores of lower grade participants (grade) increased desirably (p<0.05). Meanwhile higher grade participants’ (grade) food habit scores also changed (p<0.05), but their nutrition knowledge scores were changed. Boy’s food habit scores significantly changed (p<0.05), whereas girl’s food habit scores did not change significantly. Further, female participants’ nutrition knowledge scores did not changesignificantly after education. Participants’ obesity knowledge scores significantly changed after the education (p<0.05), but their attitudes on obesity increased insignificantly. Lower grade participants’ attitudes on obesity significantly and desirably changed (p<0.05), whereas higher grade participants’ attitudes on obesity changed insignificantly. Girl’s knowledge and attitudes on obesity significantly and desirably changed (p<0.05-0.01). This study revealed the correlation between food habit scores and attitudes on obesity (p<0.01), demonstrating that participants with high food habit scores have advisable attitudes on obesity. The result of this study shows that lower grade participants’ food habit scores, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes on obesity changed desirably after dietary education. Therefore, this study promote the development of adequate nutrition education and materials focused on lower grade students and the need for systematic and continuous dietary education programs based on elementary school.

In this study, the concentration distribution of radon, we analyzed from 55 house, 37 government office, 54 schoolfrom June 2008-June 2011 in Chungnam area. From the result of surveying indoor radon degree of 146 facilities,the annual average geometric concentration of indoor radon was 69.4Bq/m³, 40.5Bq/m³, 51.4Bq/m³ in house,government office, school respectively. As for distribution of concentration based on seasons, the radonconcentration showed the highest concentration in winter in all facilities. According to the result of the analysisby dividing the construction year, into before 60s, 60-70s, 80-90s and 2000s, the radon concentration was lowerin all the newly constructed facilities. As for difference in radon concentration due to the presence or absence ofbasement, concentration of house, government office and schools having basement was 52.2Bq/m³, 44.5Bq/m³,36.4Bq/m³ that of having no basement was 75.2Bq/m³, 53.6Bq/m³, 67.4Bq/m³ respectively. Place having nobasement tend to show higher concentration.

본 연구는 학교생활부적응청소년을 위한 자아존중감 향상 중재방안의 하나로 레크리에이션활 동 프로그램을 적용하였다. 레크리에이션활동 프로그램이 학교생활부적응 청소년의 자아존중 감에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 2013년 7월 29일부터 8월 2일까지 4회 동안 G광역시 소 재 불교방송이 주관한 학교생활부적응 프로그램에 참가한 학생 110명을 대상으로 레크리에이 션활동 프로그램을 실시하였다. 본 연구목적과 설문지의 내용을 이해하고 레크리에이션활동 프로그램에 참여를 수락한 자, 끝 까지 성실하게 레크리에이션활동 프로그램에 참여한 110명을 대상으로 레크리에이션활동 프로 그램 실시 전, 후 설문조사를 하여(회수율100%). 불성실한 응답을 한 3명을 제외하고 총 107명 (97.3%)의 자료를 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성은 실수와 백분율로, 레크리에이션 활동 프로그램을 실시하기 전ㆍ후 대상자의 자아존중감 정도는 paired t-test, ANOVA를 활용 하였다. 연구도구는 학교생활부적응 청소년의 자아존중감 정도를 측정하기 위해 총 25문항으로 구성된 Coopersmith(1967)이 개발하고 박선애(1993)가 번역한 것을 중심으로 유네스코 청년원에서 발행한 전성민(1994)의 자아존중감 검사(Self-Esteem Invnmtory: SEI)지를 사용하였다. 각 문항에 대하여 자신의 행동이나 생각과 일치하는 정도에 따라 4점 Likert척도(‘전혀 아니다’,‘조금 아니다’,‘보통이다’,‘정말 그렇다’)로 평정하게 되어있다. 부정적인 문항은 역 환산점수로 환산하였으며 가능한 점수 범위는 최저 25점에서 최대 100점으 로 점수가 높을수록 자아존중감이 높은 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서 이 도구의 Crobach's α값 은 .91이다. 본 연구결과 대상자의 레크리에이션활동프로그램 실시 전 자아존중감 평균점수는 남학생과 여학생의 경우 65.74±123.90점, 65.35±13.31점으로 유의하게 남학생이 여학생보다 자존감 이 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=50.629 p= .000). 초등학생, 중학생, 고등학생은 65.75±16.71점, 66.94± 12.66점, 63.20±11.19점으로 유의하지는 않았지만 고등학생이 조금 낮게 나타났다 (F=.849 p= .431). 레크리에이션활동 프로그램 실시 후 자아존중감 평균점수는 남학생과 여학생의 경우 73.80 ± 10.86점, 73.14±11.08점으로 유의하게 남학생이 여학생보다 자존감이 높은 것으로 나타났다 (t=67.897 p= .000). 초등학생, 중학생, 고등학생은 73.30±13.07점, 74.36±11.08점, 72.12± 9.43점으로 유의하지는 않았지만 고등학생이 조금 낮게 나타났고(F= .433 p= .650), 실험 전과 후의 점수분포는 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 레크리에이션활동 프로그램 실시 전과 후의 자아존중감 평균점수는 전 65.53±13.06점에서 후 73.45±10.93점으로 유의하게 증가하였다(t=26.92, p= .000). 따라서 향 후 학교생활부적응 청소년의 자아존중감 향상을 위한 중재 방법으로 다양한 레크리 에이션활동 프로그램을 적극적으로 개발하여 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study aims to compare the English vocabulary used in Korean high school English textbooks with the one in the College Scholastic Ability Tests (afterwards CSAT) administered in the years of 2009-2013 by using a concordance program, NLPTools, and to make a list of vocabulary used only in CSAT. The findings are as follows: First, when compared with Coxhead's (2000) Academic Word List, the 'Basic Words List' shows a conformity rate of 98.78%. Second, in terms of TTR (Type Token Ratio), there is no noticeable difference among the English textbooks. Third, in the respect of TTR, CSATs show higher figures, which means that CSATs' vocabulary is more difficult than that in the English textbooks and that for CSATs, annually each test has shown a gradual increase in the number of valid types. (This shows that more valid types to be learned are needed for the preparation of CSAT. Also the degree of difficulty in CSAT is getting higher.) Lastly, the higher level of the 208 words which occur only in CSATs illustrates that the gap between the vocabulary level of textbooks and that of CSAT needs to be reduced for normalization of public education.