파프리카 품종별 복숭아혹진딧물의 기주섭식 행동패턴과 생명표작성을 통한 생물학적 특성차이를 비교하기 위해, 현재 시판되고 있는 파프리카 4품종(그린에이스, 오로벨, 퍼플, 스마트 고추)에서 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)의 생식개시일, 수명, 생식일, 총 산자수, 평균세대기간(Tc), 순증가율(R0), 내적자연증가율(rm)을 25±℃, 상대습도60-70%, 광주기16L:8D 조건에서 조사하여 생명표를 작성하고 EPG기술을 이용하여 섭식행동의 차이도 비교하였다. 파프리카 품종간 복숭아 혹진딧물의 수명은 17.2~17.7일, 생식일은 11.9~12.4일, 총 산자수는 42.6~45.3 마리, 내적증가율에서0.364~0.365로 품종 간에 차이는 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, 생식개시일, 평균세대기간(Tc), 순증가율(R0)은 오로벨에서 각각5.6일, 10.29일, 42.86마리였고 그린에이스에서는 각각6.6일, 10.46일, 45.27 마리로 품종간 차이가 확인되었다. EPG를 이용한 체관부 섭식시간 분석에서 첫 번째 탐침시간은 158~386초, 총 구침을 빼고 있는 시간은 6675~7096초, 체관부 섭식횟수는 7.67~8.33회, 총 체관부섭식시간에서 9116~10871초로 품종간 차이는 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, 탐침횟수, 구침활성시간, 첫 번째 체관부섭식시간은 오로벨에서 17.67회, 714초, 639초였고 그린에이스에서는 31.33회, 1460초, 1426.33초로 품종간 차이를 보이는 경향을 나타냈다.

The purpose of this study was to compare clothing values and clothing purchasing behaviors between Korean and American college students, especially men. Also this study was to analyze the clothing values effect on the clothing purchasing behavior. For the practical study, 200 questionaries were surveyed, 110 from Korea and 105 from American. The average and frequency, t-test, χ2, multi-variate analysis of variance and factor analysis were used for this study. The result showed, first, there were little differences in the clothing value aspect. Both Korean college men and American college men considered the theoretical value to be most important, however, the American college men were higher than the Korean college men for theoretical, economic and political values. Compared to the Americans, the Koreans considered social clothing value to be more important but theoretical, economic and political values were less important. Second, there were some differences in most of all the clothing purchasing behaviors. There were slight differences in the reasons for the purchases between Korean and American college men. Both of them said that they purchase clothes to satisfy their needs. Regarding the information sources for the purchase, The Korean college men were slightly higher than the American college men for the media information sources and lower than them for the human information sources. Regarding the place where the clothes were purchased, the Korean college men preferred to make purchases at department stores, and the American college men preferred shopping malls. Regarding the monthly expenses for clothing, less than 50,000 won($50) was the average for most of the Korean women, but most of the American college women spent 100,000 150,000 won($150) per month. Third, the clothing value was different in the reason for purchasing, the purchasing information source, the purchasing place, and the monthly expenses for the clothing.

This study examines the appearance management attitude factor of male college students and groups them according to their characteristics. Then this research analyzes their interest in knitwear, buying behavior, and characteristics to see what kind of differences exist. The results of the research are as follows: First, after conducting a factor analysis to identify the appearance management attitude of male college students, 3 factors emerged(sought personality, pursued trends, and appearance interest). Second, as a result grouping the students according to their attitude. It is created 3 groups(fashionista group, personality group, and appearance interest group). Third, for the interest in knitwear, the fashionista group had the highest interest in knitwear, with a preferred brand when purchasing. Fourth, the fashionista group that values personality and latest trends was more likely to purchase knitwear than the personality group or the appearance interest group. Finally, the majority preferred solid colors. Over 50% of the students preferred knits without any patterns. Also, the most preferred 100% cotton. As this survey was only surveyed in Seoul and Gyounggi areas. The next research requires to be surveyed in a more comprehensive area. Additionally, male college students must more effectively be segmented and surveyed to get accurate results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensation seeking tendency and knitwear purchase behaviors of high school girls. The data were obtained from 475 high school girls at 6 high schools located in Daejeon. The method of study is a survey consisted of sensation seeking tendency items, knitwear purchase behavior items and demographic attribution. Data were analyzed by frequency, variance, crosstabs, and correlation analysis using SPSS WIN 17.0 program. The results of study are as follows. First, high school girls generally liked knitwears by reason of comfort and activity. Most girls purchased the knitwears to wear ordinary casual wear(81.5%). They usually thought sweater and cardigan to be representative of knitwears. Also, they mostly purchased the knitwears of simple and active design, achromatic color, 100% cotton, and solid or simple stripe pattern. The design and price were considered as important evaluation criteria in knitwear purchase. The information sources used by them were store display, friends, and internet. Second, the knitwear purchase behaviors of high school girls showed the difference between groups with high- and low-sensation seeking tendency. The most important factor of knitwear purchase was an unique and characteristic design in high group and a simple and active design in low group. In conclusion, high school girls liked knitwears and had different knitwear purchase behaviors according to the sensation seeking tendency.

The purpose of this study was to examine the post-purchasing behavior focusing on dissatisfaction and complaint behavior. There were some studies concerning dissatisfaction in on-line shopping related to satisfaction and intention to re-buying, but did not focus the relationship with complaint behavior, or identified the factors specifically related to consumer's dissatisfaction. In this study, it was examined to minimize the consumer's dissatisfaction and complaint behavior by investigating the detailed factors relating dissatisfactions and complaint behaviors after shopping apparel goods on the internet. Two hundred fifty five customers who had purchased fashion products in internet shopping had participated in this study. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis using SPSS program. As the result, first, product, delivery, returning and price factor were extracted as factors of dissatisfaction, and as factors of complaint behavior, legal action, private action, remedial action were investigated. Second, dissatisfaction was significantly effected on complaint behavior. Specially, returning factor and price factor had effect on legal action, product, delivery factor had on private action and returning factor had affected remedial action. Third, more purchasing frequency, less dissatisfaction. Also, female had more dissatisfaction than male. Finally, more dissatisfaction and compliant behavior, less repurchasing intention. Based on these results, internet shopping fashion marketing strategies were suggested.

시스템의 기능이 많아지면서 시스템의 반응시간은 중요한 요소로 인식되고 있다. 반응지연에 대한 기존의 연구들은 대부분 컴퓨터를 사용하는 상황을 바탕으로 이루어졌고 더 단순한 과제를 사용하는 기기를 바탕으로 이루어진 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 휴대전화를 사용하는 상황에서 반응지연이 사용자들의 행동과 감정에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다(실험 1; 독립변인: 반응지연 정도, 종속변인: 행동적, 정서적 평가). 더 나아가 사용자가 제품을 사용하는 상황(활성화된 모드)에 따라 동일한 반응지연이 있을 경우 행동 및 감정 평가에서 차이가 나타나는지 알아보았다(실험 2; 독립변인: 반응지연 정도, 사용모드, 종속변인: 행동적, 정서적 평가, 스트레스, 정신적 노력). 그 결과, 반응지연이 있으면 과제를 수행하는 시간(효율성)이 길어지고 부정적인 감정이 유발됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상황(활성화된 사용 모드)에 따라서 동일한 과제를 수행하는 경우라도 그 평가에서 차이가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 뚜렷한 목적을 가지고 과제를 했을 경우 반응지연이 있게 되면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 더 부정적인 감정을 느끼고 이 경우 반응지연의 유무가 큰 영향을 미친다는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 같은 과제를 수행함에 있어서도 정신적인 노력이 더 많이 소모된다고 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 휴대전화 상황에서 반응지연 정도가 사용자들의 감정뿐 아니라 수행에도 영향을 줌을 확인하였고 동일한 과제의 제시한 경우라도 사용 환경에 따라 제품 평가에 차이를 보임을 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

미취학 아동의 창의적 사고, 다양한 경험 기반의 학습 활동, 그리고 인성 및 감성 중심의 교육에 대한 욕구를 충족시켜줄 수 있는 새로운 교육 방식으로써 체감형 교육 방식의 보급이 활발해지고 있다. 체감형 학습은 사용자의 움직임이나 감각을 통해 디지털 교육 콘텐츠를 조작하는 인간-컴퓨터 인터랙션을 활용한 교육 방식이다. 그러나 사람의 움직임이나 목소리 같은 음성/영상 인식의 정확도가 높지 않아 실제 교육 시스템 적용에는 한계를 보인다. 이러한 한계점의 극복을 위해 인간과 서비스 콘텐츠 사이에 매개체를 두고 이를 통해 사람의 움직임을 가속도, 각속도와 같은 숫자 값으로 변환/전송하여 인터랙션 하는 매개 인터페이스 개념이 제안된다. 본 연구에서는, 교육 시스템의 대상인 미취학 아동의 행동을 관찰하고 프로토콜 분석을 통하여 사용자 중심의 매개 디바이스 디자인 요구사항을 제안한다. 분석 결과, 미취학 아동들은 물체를 조작하는 데 서툴고, 무의식적으로 물체를 만지작거리거나 기대는 행동을 보였다. 또한 물건을 사용할 때 그에 종속되어 행동의 부자연스러움을 보였다. 따라서 체감형 교육을 위한 매개 디바이스는 사용자의 익숙하지 않은 조작을 보조할 수 있어야 하며, 디바이스 사용 중에도 자연스러운 행동을 유지할 수 있도록 디자인되어야 한다.

Technological innovation depends on the quality of workers, whose ability is the key component to raise business competitiveness. Our study evaluates how satisfactory is the training of workers at small and medium sized firms , and suggest how to improve

목적 : 인간작업모델에 근거한 맞춤형활동프로그램이 재택치매환자의 정신행동증상과 보호자의 부담에 미치는 효 과를 알아보고 치매환자의 정신행동증상 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제시하기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 2009년 6월부터 2009년 10월까지 경기도 Y시 치매예방관리센터에 내원한 지역사회에 거주하는 치매환 자 4명을 대상으로 하였다. 인간작업모델에 근거한 맞춤형활동프로그램은 전 후 평가를 포함하여 7주 동안 주 2회 (1회 가정방문, 1회 전화점검), 총14회를 실시하였다. 결과 : 맞춤형활동프로그램 실시 전에 비하여 실시 후에 재택치매환자의 정신행동증상의 심각도와 빈도의 점수는 감소되었으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만 치매환자의 정신행동증상으로 인한 보호자의 부담과 반응은 통계학적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론 : 인간작업모델에 근거한 맞춤형활동프로그램은 환자의 의지가 있는 목표활동을 통하여 역할 수행에 필요한 기술을 습관화하고 규칙적인 일과를 보낼 수 있도록 함으로써 지역사회에 거주하는 치매환자의 정신행동증상 감 소와 그로 인한 보호자 부담감을 감소시키는데 효과적으로 보인다. 작업치료는 치매환자의 개인적 요소, 과제, 환 경과 작업수행의 복잡한 관계를 고려하여 근거중심의 치료활동프로그램을 개발하고 실행할 수 있으므로 치매환자 를 위한 다양한 치료적 접근에 반드시 필요하다. 향후 지역사회에 거주하는 치매환자의 정신행동증상과 보호자 부 담감소를 위한 보다 다양한 치료적 접근에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the brand awareness, attributes and purchase behaviors for luxury products in the age of mcluxury. In-depth interviews were conducted to 18 consumers(10 singles, 8 married) in the age range of 20～49 and having purchased luxury products twice in last 1 year. The interviews were directed by a trained mediator according to the interview guidelines and recorded. Interviewees were asked to talk freely and protocols were made for data analysis. Similarities were found regarding the salient attributes, brand awareness of luxury products as known in general; however, the perceived importance of each attribute of luxury products seemed to be changed as mcLuxury has continued. Moreover, the consumers' attitudes toward the luxury products consumption tended to become favorable than before, and the motives to buy luxury products were more valueoriented and self fulfillment rather than display one's wealth. The buying behaviors of luxury products vary among different age groups. However, most of them tended to purchase luxury products at duty-free shops and premium outlets while traveling abroad, or bought them on sale at domestic department stores.

The purpose of this study was to investigate empirically the consumer behavior regarding the purchase of millinery items in relation to their evaluation criterion and demographic characteristics. The survey was carried out to 395 individuals in their 20s and over who were quota sampled according to age and gender. The collected data were statistically treated with the SPSS 12.0 program in terms of descriptive statistics, cross tabulation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, Cronbach’s α coefficient and Duncan-test. The 20s and 50s over were more interested in hat products than other ages. Female consumers obtained the most information about hat products from store visits, TV and magazines. On the other hand, male consumers had it from the acquaintances and internet. Younger consumers more often utilized internet to have it. Their main purchase location was department stores. The younger purchased it more in traditional market, the older purchased it more in mega wholesale market or discount store. The consumers of hat products considered the intrinsic classification most when buying hats. The evaluation criteria employed by them were aesthetics, quality, and external attributes. Hat consumers were more concerned about aesthetics attributes than the other two criteria. Female consumers and consumers who are more interested in the hat and have a higher level of education and income considered aesthetics attributes most important.

The purpose of this study was to observe street fashion, to determine preferred design of jean and to analyze preferred jean styling based on types of jean pants design, toward 20s to 30s women. We observed outfits of jean styles on the street using photography method and conducted a survey to 400 females to get information of consumers. Four hundred questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. As a result of street research, the majority of people were wearing jean pants with T-shirts, sandal/high heel shoes and totes. The results of market research showed that preferred jean styles were significantly associated with age and marital status. Preferred color of jean pants was also significantly associated with age variable. Current popular jean style was a skinny style. We evaluated results of styling with different jean pants, creating five different images. There was a significant relationship between age/marital status and styling image in different jean styles. In a bootcut style, age variable was significantly associated with different styling images. Generally, most of people responded cute/casual image styling was the best for the bootcut style. In skinny pants, there was a significant association between a residence area and a styling image. Modern/chic image styling with skinny pants was the most favored one. In cropped jean pants, marital status was significantly associated with styling image created. We realized that we can create different images through a styling.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control programs on BMI, serum profiles, nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 33 adult obese women aged 30- 65 years residing in Seoul. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise for 12 weeks. The weight control experience of the subjects was 60.6%. They preferred physical exercise and diet restriction to weight control and 72.7% of subjects answered that the reasons for wanting to control their weight was health. The BMI of test subjects significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 28.3 to 27.1 after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the % body fat significantly decreased (p<0.001) from 36.4% to 34.5% after completion of the weight control program. SGPT levels in the serum were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the program. Triglyceride levels significantly decreased from 194.9 mg/dL to 98.1 mg/dL (p<0.01) and the HDL cholesterol level significantly increased (p<0.01) from 55.8 mg/dL to 60.0 mg/dL after completion of the weight control program. Nutritional knowledge and eating behavior scores were significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, the eating self-efficacy of the subjects was significantly increased (p<0.01); however, the food diversity scores were not changed after the program. These results suggest that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to promote weight reduction and improve nutritional knowledge and eating behavior.

The principal objective of this study was to analyze Swede’s perceptions of Asian food using a means-end chain method, which may contribute to our understanding of new markets for a food industry interested in globalizing Korean food. With the Means-end chain method, one can determine the cognitive structures built in consumer’s minds, which are developed by connecting attributes of product, consequences, and values. The attributes of Asian food that are most positively perceived by Swedes are ‘fresh vegetables’, ‘low-fat’, ‘light meat and seafood’, ‘exotic ingredients’, ‘not expensive’ and ‘unknown food’. The consequences of eating Asian food connected to these attributes are ‘healthy’, ‘tasty’, ‘good way to save money’ and ‘curious’. Finally, Swedes expect to enjoy a value of ‘achievement’ at the end. Based on the result that ‘unknown food’ attribute is connected to ‘achievement’ value, Swedes are assumed to be attracted by the fact that Korean food is ‘unknown food’. However, the effect of the ‘unknown food’ attribute will fade away with time; therefore, stressing Korean food’s status as a ‘healthy’ food, which can be attributed to its use of ‘fresh vegetable’ and ‘light meat and seafood’ ingredients and ‘low fat’ cooking method may be effective as a long-term strategy for making Korean food attractive. The ‘healthy’ consequence is connected to Swedes’ perception of the value ‘achievement’ and simultaneously to their perception of the value ‘belonging and love/sense of belonging’.

해기직업에 대한 안정이 없으면 인적요인에 의한 해양안전도 크게 개선되지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 해기직업 진입단계에서 부터 은퇴하기까지 생애에 걸쳐 해기사의 직업경로를 개발함으로써 보다 장기적이고 안정적인 해기직업 생활과 해양안전을 확보할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 해기직업 경로모델을 설정하고 해기교육기관 진입자, 해상근무자, 육상근무자 2,830명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 가설을 검증하였다. 직업경로에 따른 행동요인 분석 결과, 첫째, 해기교육기관 진입자들에게 교육환경 개선과 해기직업생활에 대한 충분한 정보를 전달하고 둘째, 소득수준과 같은 경제적 요인은 해기직업 진입자에게는 동기요인이 되지 못하며 셋째, 적정 시기에 육상근무를 위한 하선유도가 해기직업의 매력화와 파생적인 장기승선 효과를 기대할 수 있으며 넷째, 해기면허체계를 단순화시켜 조기에 상위면허를 취득함으로써 상위직책에 근무할 수 있는 기회를 제공할 필요가 있다.

본 연구는 직무자율성이 자기효능감과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향과 자기효능감의 매개작용을 연구했다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 직접판매회사에 종사하는 판매원 183명의 응답을 표본으로 SPSS 12.0와 AMOS 5.0을 이용하여 검증되었다. 연구결과, 직무자율성은 자기효능감과 조직시민행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 자기효능감은 직무자율성과 조직시민행동 간에 부분매개작용을 하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 시사점과 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다

This study was performed to investigate the escape of pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, from two vector species (Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius) through oviposition and feeding behavior. First, we checked number of PWNs escaped from M. alternatus emerged from three different cases of pine logs. In case A, healthy pine trees were cut into logs and left in pine forest infected with PWN. In case B, healthy pine trees were cut into logs, left in large screen cage, and let them oviposited by M. alternatus emerged from pine trees infested with PWN. In case C, pine trees which were harboring M. alternatus were cut into logs, and PWN was inoculated artificially. The M. alternatus adults emerged from the above three cases of pine logs were checked in the next year to know how many PWN they were harboring in their bodies. The percentages of M. alternatus harboring PWN (18.3 and 15.6%, respectively) and number of nematodes per vector (5,713.1±9,248.3 and 2,034.1±4,746.8 PWNs, respectively) in case A and B logs are similar to each other. However, the percentage and the number in case C (38.3% and 20,083.1±32,188.3 PWNs) were higher than those of case A and B. Among 52 M. alternatus adults harboring PWN from all the three cases, 20 adults (38.5%) were harboring more than 5,000 PWNs per beetle. And these 20 adults were harboring 97.9% of the total PWNs in 52 adults. Second, we checked the daily escape of PWNs from M. alternatus and M. saltuarius collected at pine forest infested with PWN. The PWN escaped from their vector body for 34.9±12.4 days for M. alternatus, and for 23.9±16.2 days for M. saltuarius, reaching at peak escape during the 2nd week of emergence of the two vector species. A 44.5 and 47.2% to the total PWNs escaped from vector body within 2 weeks of vector emergence for M. alternatus and M. saltuarius, respectively. The number of PWNs escaped from each vector was 3,570.6±5,189.2 and 1,556.2±1,710.3 for M. alternatus and M. saltuarius, respectively.

To investigate resistance of Myzus persicae, which is resistant to etofenprox belonging to pyrethriods, to other insecticides, fenpropathrin and thiamethoxam, mortality and LC₅₀ values for these two insecticides against the etofenprox-resistant and -susceptible populations were obtained and EPG analysis for feeding behaviors of thiamethoxam or fenpropathrin treated and non-treated M. persicae was conducted. For fenpropathrin, mortality after 48 h treatment was 28 and 29%, respectively for the resistant and susceptible population. The LC₅₀ value was 193.15 and 93.46 ppm, respectively. For thiamethoxam, mortality after 48 h treatment was 87 and 57%, respectively for the resistant and susceptible population. The LC₅₀ value was 3.17 and 30.34 ppm, respectively. There was no significant difference in feeding behavior between fenprorpathrin treated and non-treated M. persicae. They showed a continuous feeding pattern. However, contact signal frequency increased in the thiamethoxam treated M. persicae 1 hour after treatment and significant difference was shown.

Host preference was tested on the 7 species plants against ggot-mae-mi, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). This insect highly preferred Ailanthus altissima and Vitis vinifera however, didn"t choose the other plants preferentially. Both nymphs and adults lived longest in A. altissima and V. vinifera but lived in short and low ecdysis rate against other plants and 3 species fruits. By analyzing the phloem-feeding behavior using EPG, L. delicatula was showed the short time in non-probing phase and it also exhibit the longest feeding time in A. altissima and V. vinifera, but other plants did not feed the phloem at all. In sugar contents analysis, A. altissima existed high sucrose proportion and followed by fructose＞glucose, V. vinifera was analyzed by an order of glucose＞ fructose＞maltose＞sucrose＞rhamnose, Malus pumila was as glucose＞ fructose, Pyrus calleryana was as glucose＞unkown＞fructose, Hibiscus syriacus was as sucrose＞glucose. Nymphs and adults of L. delicatula lived longest in 5% sucrose solution, and next is in 5% fructose solution. However, they lived short in other sugar solutions. L. delicatula nymph and adult according to the combination of sugar proportion found in original plants lived longer in sugar combination solution of A. altissima and those of V. vinifera was next. Analyzed original sugar proportion from M. pumila, P. calleryana, H. syriacus respectively, L. delicatula lived short period comparing to the A. altissima, V. vinifera. This result was judged that sugar contents affected on choosing the host plants.