본 연구는 한우 거세우 95두 (평균체중 226 kg)를 이용하여 농후사료와 조사료 분리급여구, TMR구 그리고 TMR을 발효시킨 F-TMR구로 나누어 22개월동안 사육하여 도축하였을 때, 사료효율, 도체성적 및 경제성분석에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 건물 및 TDN 섭취량은 육성비육 각 단계 별로 F-TMR구에서 가장 많았다 (p<0.05). F-TMR구의 경우, 일일증체량은 육성기에는 처리구중 가장 적었으나, 비육후기에는 타 처리구에 비해 약 48%나 높았다 (p<0.05), 사료효율은 전 육성비육기간 동안 비슷한 수준으로 유지되었다. 도체중과 배최장근단면적에서는 F-TMR 급여구에서 가장 높았으나 (p<0.05), 등지방두께가 가장 얇았던 (p<0.05) 분리급여구에서 육량지수와 육량 A등급 비율이 높았다. F-TMR구의 근내지방도가 타구에 비해 현저히 (p<0.05) 증가되어 육질 1+등급이상 출현율이 96%에 달하였다. 경제성 분석에서 사료비는 F-TMR구가 분리급여구에 비해 40%가 증가되었으나 증체량과 육 질등급의 향상으로 인하여 순수익은 29%나 증가되었다.

A field study was conducted to compare growth, feed utilization and nutrient excretions by feeding extruded pellet (EP) and moist pellet (MP). Slow growing flounder were used as the experimental animal to find out a prominent result in terms of growth and feed utilization. Weight gain of fish fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks reached 105.3 g for EP and 107.1 g for MP, while fresh feed intake was 98.7 g for EP and 279.4 g for MP. Feed conversion ratio was 0.94 and 2.61 for EP and MP, respectively which was 0.77 and 0.94 when corrected on dry matter basis. Even though protein efficiency ratio (2.26 vs 2.21), specific growth rate (0.69% vs 0.70%), daily weight gain (2.06 g vs 2.10 g) and mortality (4.0% vs 4.1%) were similar between EP and MP, protein retention efficiency of fish fed EP was superior (53.3%) to that of fish fed MP (39.6%). Protein intake of fish for 8 weeks was similar from 52.3 g for EP to 53.3 g for MP, while protein gain was higher in fish fed EP (27.9 g) than in fish fed MP (21.1 g). Protein excretion by feeding EP and MP reached 232 g and 300 g, respectively per kg gain, suggesting that protein loads could be greatly reduced in practical culture system through the use of EP. Phosphorus (P) intake was much lower in fish fed EP (1.63 g) than in fish fed MP (2.18 g), while retention of P was higher in fish fed EP (0.88 g) than in fish fed MP (0.78 g), showing the retention efficiency of 54.0% and 35.9%, respectively. Fish fed EP excreted 7.1 g of P per kg gain which was much lower than that of fish fed MP (13.1 g). The present results clearly showed that EP feeding for flounder is not only productive but also environmentally friendly.

본 연구는 1984년부터 패널자료의 확보가 가능한 17개 OECD 국가를 표본으로 하여 R&D 생산성 및 효율성에 대한 실증분석을 통해 비교하고 우리나라의 수준과 특징을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 그 성과를 산출(output) 측면과 성과(outcome) 측면으로 구분하고, 맘퀴스트 생산성지수와 자료포락분석방법을 활용하여 R&D경로단계별 생산성 및 효율성과 그 변화추이를 비교분석하였다. 우리나라는 R&D 투자 대비 산출 생산성은 매우 높은 반면, 평균효율성은 매우 낮게 나타났으며, 효율성의 시계열 변화추이를 보면 최초 지수 0.10에서 시작하여 최종 0.83까지 가파르게 상승하면서 주요 선진국들 수준에 도달하였다. R&D 산출 대비 생산성은 매우 낮으며, 통합 프런티어에 대한 효율성은 최초 지수 1.00에서 최종 0.057까지 주요 선진국들 수준으로 가파르게 하락하여 왔다. 그리고 상관분석을 통해 R&D 산출 대비 생산성이 곧 R&D 투자 대비 생산성을 가늠하는 지표가 될 수 있음을 보았다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 R&D 생산성 및 효율성 향상을 위해서는 R&D 투자 및 산출 증대의 노력 이상으로 R&D 산출물의 활용 측면이 보다 강화되어야 하고 이를 위해 효과적인 기술확산 체계 구축, 기술금융시장환경 조성 및 사업화에 성공하기까지 실질적인 인큐베이팅 제공 등 전반적인 기술사업화 시스템의 혁신이 주요 과제임을 시사하고 있다.

이 논문은 “소요 오일붐 측정프로그램(OBM Program)”을 실행함에 따라 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 분석하고자 한다. OBM Program 운용상 한계를 분석하기 위해 운용자와 운용환경 팩터 간의 관계 분석이 가능한 M-SHEL모델을 이용했다. M-SHEL 모델분석을 통해 얻은 결 과는 첫째, 운용자의 입력 값의 신뢰도 향상을 위해 감지 시스템 구축, 둘째, 운용자의 프로그램 사용시 운용에 대한 이해도 향상을 위한 실용적 이고 편리한 매뉴얼 제작, 셋째, 시각화된 프로그램 프레임 구축이다. 분석을 통해 프로그램 운용상의 한계를 보완함으로써 보다 개선된 성능과 더불어 효율적인 방제활동에 기인할 것으로 기대된다.

Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on a patterned n-type GaN substrate (PNS) with 200 nm silicon-di-oxide (SiO2) nano pattern diameter to improve the light output efficiency of the diodes. Wet etched self assembled indium tin oxide (ITO) nano clusters serve as a dry etching mask for converting the SiO2 layer grown on the n-GaN template into SiO2 nano patterns by inductively coupled plasma etching. PNS is obtained by n-GaN regrowth on the SiO2 nano patterns and UV-LEDs were fabricated using PNS as a template. Two UV-LEDs, a reference LED without PNS and a 200 nm PNS UV-LEDs were fabricated. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) and Light output intensity- Input current- Voltage (L-I-V) characteristics were used to evaluate the ITO-SiO2 nanopattern surface morphology, threading dislocation propagation, PNS crystalline property, PNS optical property and UVLED device performance respectively. The light out put intensity was enhanced by 1.6times@100mA for the LED grown on PNS compared to the reference LED with out PNS.

The provisions regarding the standard cost for recycling stated under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) since 2002, include different and complicated obligatory steps to be taken on a variety of subject items regarding the collection, the transportation and the treatment, making the corporations face in their calculating and executing the standard cost. This study presents more objective calculation scope and standard for the purpose of efficient operation of the standard cost for recycling, in consideration of the general industry perception toward cost issue as well as domestic/overseas case studies regarding the standard cost for recycling. Besides, the study presents the checking items and the calculation contents per step to calculate the standard cost for recycling. Therefore, it is expected not only to be used as the objective standard to calculate the standard cost for recycling, but also to contribute to increasing the work efficiency in the following ongoing re-calculation process and to maintaining the consistent operation of the institution.

일반적으로 바늘구멍(pinhole)카메라는 사물을 육안으로 바라볼 때 물체들의 중첩현상으로 인하여 시야(view) 이미지을 극히 제한적으로 볼 수이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 보완하여 우리가 원하는 3D 시야 이미지에서 중첩현상으로 보지 못하는 부문을 단일 이미지로 생성을 시켜서 관찰할 수 있도록 개발한 그래프 카메라를 소개하려고 한다. 이러한 기술들은 3D 게임개발에 적용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 다양한 기술을 적용하여야 하는 그래픽 응용표현기술에 적용할 수 있겠다.

To investigate the toxicological effects of β-glucan, we performed basic studying on β-glucan in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Standard endpoints in this study included mortality, clinical observations, changes of body weights, analysis on food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination, hematologic examination, serum biochemistry,analysis of organ weights, gross anatomic pathology and histopathology. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in animals treated with beta-glucan throughout the experimental period. The average body weight of each treatment groups showed similar levels at end of experiment. There were no treatment-related changes in mortality,body weights changes, food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination. Although there were statistically significant differences between the control and treated groups in some relative and absolute organ weights, and hematological and biochemical analysis, the data were in biologically normal ranges and did not show a dose-dependent manner. In the morphological change, hepatic tissue were not showed ballooning degeneration and irregular arrangement of hepatic cell in β-glucan treatment groups with control group. Also, organs weights (liver, heart, kidney and stomach) and hematological indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and Platelet) did not show statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. In summary of these results, there were no changes in mortality, mean body weight, clinical signs, food consumption. There were no changes in ophthalmological examination, hematology, blood chemistry,necropsy and histopathology. In conclusion, although further investigation of glucan should be performed in the functions registered in many ancient literatures, β-glucan is physiologically safe and may have potential as candidate food for human health.

The unification mission of the Korean church is carried out with more Diakonia than Kerygma. It has the positive effects on the national product as well as on the food-and nutrition status in North Korea, besides on the personal relations between South and North Korea. It has also the positive mission effect in North Korea, although that is not confirmed exactly with number. But because of the exclusionism of the North Korean regime transparency and efficiency of the aid become hot issues and induced the ‘South-South conflict’. Not only that, the humanitarian aid is under the strong influence of the political situation. Moreover in the year 2010 because of the attacking Chunan-Ham and the bombardment Yunpyung-Do the diaconal activity of the Korean church must be closed. In order to exceed these limitations an another diaconal method can be proposed. That ist the commercial aid with return beside the contributive aid without return. The commercial aid with return has not few advantage: ⑴ It ist a international business, that is political neutral furthermore protected by government. ⑵ The commercial aid produces value-added, that can be the self-supporting ground for the partner. ⑶ Therefore the commercial aid does not induce the partner to fall in the ‘Samaritan’s dilemma’. ⑷ The commercial aid is self-sustaining and can be enlarged, if it makes a profit. ⑸ The material resource of aid is invested in business and in production system, not concentrated on a place. ⑹ The commercial aid does not make ‘agent problem’, nor the problem of low transparency and low efficiency on the level of the contributive aid. But what ist more important, is the harmony of Korean churches to make a unified organization, that takes care of the commercial aid. This organization can concentrate the unification power of the Korean churches, because it could treat the problem of the internal competition between Korean churches themselves, the overlapping of aids, the monitoring etc. In the end the harmony of Korean churches determines the time of the Unification in the korean peninsula.

We developed an efficient Monte-Carlo algorithm to solve dust-scattering radiative transfer problems for continuum radiation. The method calculates the scattered intensities for various anisotropic factors ( gi) all at once, while actual photon packets are tracked following a scattering phase function given by a single anisotropic factor ( g0). The algorithm was tested by applying the method to a dust cloud embedding a star at the cloud center and found to provide accurate results within the statistical fluctuation that is intrinsic in Monte-Carlo simulations. It was found that adopting g0 = 0.4 - 0.5 in the algorithm is most efficient. The method would be efficient in estimating the anisotropic factor of the interstellar dust by comparing the observed data with radiative transfer models.

This research paper aims at inquiring how the swimming class applied with peer teaching model changes the middle school students' exercise skills, attitudes, and interests about physical studying and investigating the learning effect of physical studying

기니아그라스의 유성생식 계통과 아포믹시스 계통을 이용하여 최적의 조직배양 조건을 검토하기 위하여 절편체 부위의 조직배양 능력 및 배양배지의 조건을 검토하였다. 그 결과 미성 숙배를 분리한 후 L-proline 2 g/L가 첨가된 캘러스 유도 배지에 치상하였을 때 높은 캘러스 유도율 및 활발한 증식을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 유도된 캘러스를 대상으로 재분화 효율을 조사한 결과, 성숙종자 유래의 캘러스는 재분화 능력을 가지고 있지 않은 반면에, 미성숙배 유

지식기반 경제 사회의 진입과 더불어 조직에서 가장 중요한 요소는 인적자원이며 인적자원의 효율적인 활용이야말로 기업 경영에 있어서 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 인적자원의 역량을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 대부분의 기업들은 교육훈련을 실시하고 있다. 교육훈련의 효율적인 활용이야말로 인적자원의 개발이고, 인적자원의 개발이 기업의 지속가능한 경영에 가장 중요한 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 인적자원 개발을 위한 교육훈련이 조직의 발전에 최우선이 되어야 함은 아무

Since it has been reported that asbestos fibers cause serious health problems such as lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and other related diseases, it turns into social issue leading to a number of studies for characterizing asbestos found in the indoor environment. Among the established methods for detecting asbestos fibers, phase contrast microscopy (PCM) method is widely used as it dose not require complicated process nor high-priced equipments. However, PCM method is hard to define a sort of asbestos and to detect tiny asbestos fibers. We developed an image-based high-throughput microscopy (HTM) for automated counting of asbestos fibers which were distinguishable from the spherical particles. HTM method enabled us to analyze asbestos fibers both automatically and quantitatively. Test samples of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite, which are frequently detected in Korea, were used in this study and comparisons were made between concentrations of asbestos fibers measured by manual counting method and HTM method. Application of HTM system can be extended to various areas such as malaria diagnosis, rare cell detection and bacterial colony counting.