We performed VRI CCD surface photometry of three spiral galaxies of HCG10 in order to understand the effect of interactions in the compact group. The morphology of the largest member NGC 536 seems to be normal but its bulge is thought to be of an oblate spheroid. The central surface brightness of the disk of NGC 536 is much fainter than that of disks of nearby spiral galaxies. The morphologies of NGC 531 and NGG 542 appear to be affected by interactions which lead to a warped disk in NGC 531 and a slightly bent disk in NGC 542. NGC 531 have a boxy bulge and a Freeman Type II disk both of which strongly suggest the presence of a bar in the galaxy. There is a break in the slope of the luminosity profile of NGC 542 which is dominated by the disk component.

본 연구에서는 Al-기지 복합재료의 새로운 개념과 in-situ 공정의 가능성을 Al-Ti계의 연구결과들을 토대로 제시하고자 하였다. 가스아토마이제이션법에의해 Al3Ti가 미세한 편상형상을 갖도록 Al-10%Ti 조성의 합금분말을 제조하고, 고온 압출 공정을통하여 25V/o Al3Ti/Al 복합재를 제조하였다. 복합재의 미세구조를 광학현미경, SEM, TEM 등을 이용하여 조사하였고, 상온과 고온에서의 기계적 특성을 인장시험을 통하여 측정하였다. 제조된 복합재료의 미세구조 및 고온 기계적 성질을 상용되고 있는 SiCw/2124 복합재료와 유사한 거동을 보여준다. 제조된 Al3Ti/Al 복합재료의 장점과 단점이 물성향상의 가능성과 더불어 제시되었다.

본 연구에서는 Al-10wt%Ti-4wt%Fe 복합재료를 in-situ공정으로 제조할 수 있는 가능성 및 2 원계 Al-10wt%Ti 복합재료의 낮은 기계적 성질(탄성계수, 상온 고온강도, 내마모특성 등)을 PM SiC/2124 복합재료 수준 흑은 그 이상으로 향상시킬 수 있는 가능성을 조사하였다. 제조된 Al-10wt%Ti-4wt%Fe 합금은 불연속 SiC 강화상으로 보강된 Al-기지 복합재료(SiCw/2124)와 유사한 미세구조를 보여주었으며, 탄성계수 및 인장강도, 내마모성질 등의 기계적 특성이 2원계 Al-10%Ti 합금각 비교해 현저하게 향상되었음이 관찰되었다. 위의 결과는 초정 Al3Ti상 외에도 Fe 원소의 첨가를 통한 추가적인 AlxFe의 분산강화 효과에 기인한 것으로 해석된다.

화학적 산화막(SiOx)이 형성된 Si(100)기판 위에 Co-silicide의 형성과 계면 형상에 관한 연구를 하였다. 화학적 산화막은 과산화수소수(H2O2)의 인위적 처리에 의해 약 2nm을 형성시켰다. 그 위에 5nm 두께의 Co 박막을 전자빔 증착기에 의해 증착시킨 후 열처리하여 Co-silicide를 형성하였다. 화학적 산화막 위에서 Co-silicide 반응기구를 알아 보기 위해 500˚C-900˚C의 온도 범위에서 ex-situ와 in-situ 열처리를 하였다. 이와같이 형성된 Co-silicide 시편의 상형성, 표면 및 계면 형상, 그리고 화학적 조성을 XRD, SEM, TEM, 그리고 AES를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 es-situ 열처리시 700˚C까지 CoSi2 상은 형성되지 않았고 Co의 응집화현상이 일어났다. 800˚C 열처리한 경우에는 CoSI2가 형성되었고 facet 현상이 크게 나타났으며 불연속적인 grain 들이 형성되었다. In-situ 열처리한 경우에는 저온에서 (550 ˚C)반응하여 Co-silicide가 형성되기 시작하였으며 600˚C부터는 facet에 의해 박막의 특성이 나빠지기 시작했다. 550˚C에서 Co가 화학적 산화막 층을 통해 확산하여 균질한 Co-silicide를 형성하였다. 이와같이 형성된 균질한 실리사이드 층을 이용하여 다단계(550˚C-650˚C-800˚C)열처리에 의해 균질한 다결정 CoSI2의 형성이 관찰되었다.

Yeats remarked, two years before his death, that it is the poets’ first business to describe desirable persons, desirable places, and states of mind. One of theses excellent persons and places in Last Poems―ascetics and the “half-way house” the Chinamen of “Lapis Lazuli” climb towards. Here we notice how many topographical associations lay everywhere: “the mountain,” “Alt” and the central character climbing some high point. Having lifted himself to the vantage point of age, Yeats is able to form a final altitude. The last poems are mainly set in the location of the open field, that dominates the poetic landscape. ‘The whole system’ of A Vision ‘is founded upon the belief that ultimate realit y…falls in human consciousness into a series of antinomies.’ Since he had long arranged his thought and disciplined his imagination by ideas of antithesis, it is natural that his later work should play out an extended series of oppositions: knowledge and ignorance; day and night; time and eternity. In the process of consciousness they have a tendency to be separated from each other into various sets of the opposite; while their attendant logic characterizes a struggle towards harmony. ‘Logical and emotional conflicts alike lead towards a reality which is concrete, sensuous and bodily.’ “Meru” invokes an image of human being in conflict with the cyclicity of a cosmic rhythm. Yeats, identified with the oriental hermits in the ascetic attitude to life, sees “the naked bodies” to awake to the realities of life, he is reassured that the higher perception should be gained through their sensuous experiences in the darkness of night. According to St. John of Cross, ‘the nature of the soul requires complete renunciation of the world.’ The darkness brings wisdom, emptiness sight. Yeats would describe it as ‘the luminous dark.’ This implies in ‘via negativa’ that one is nothing, paradoxically, to become everything. The open region for everything is the place Heidegger called ‘clairiēre,’ which Yeats would like to paint in his poetry. Its openness let brightness play with darkness in it. The relation to light and darkness characterizes as ‘a double’ like the dawn image. This curious relation Adams claims to name ‘identity.’ Identity has the same form, as does a metaphorical trope, where sameness and difference coexist in language. He would write a poem ‘cold and passionate as the dawn.’ The important metaphor, which Yeats uses to describe the intersection of the two worlds, is that of dawn. In this paper I was concerned with both the realm where religion, art, personal consciousness converge and the place in which gathers and protects everything. Yeats was life long a man who practiced both absolute integrity of craft and perfection of personality, the perfection of its surrender. I take poetry to be an exploration of human consciousness, where it faces time and eternity in their play. Equally it is an exploration of words.

곁뿌림 산지초지의 조성, 수량, 식생 및 목초품질 등에 미치는 3요소(:0-0-0; 0-10-10; 6-15-15; 12-20-20; 24-25-20 kg/l0a/year)와 소석회 (0, 250kg/10a; 조성시만 시용)의 시용효과를 구명하는 10년간 시험후, 별도로 사심별 토괴의 화학성 등을 조사하였으며, 본보에서는 치환성 체기간 다양한 상호비율 및 사괴 보존성의 가시적 변화를 검토하였다. 1. 사괴비옥도 특성 및 grass tetany 임계수준과

The purpose of this study is to learn from a lesson of the historical fact, the Team 10's break away from the CIAM, which is selected as the most important event in the whole 20th century architecture by author as a historian. The CIAM, organized in 1928 by leading European architects in order to propose new architecture in the industrial era, expanded to the world, met almost annually with an idea of economic efficiency, new functional order, and industrial production for thirty years. Young architects had conflicted with old established group from 6th congress, and after 10th congress they met independently in 1959; the CIAM was disappeared and the Team 10 was born. Main issue of the break-away was human aspect. The Team 10 started from real man, concept of 'human contact', 'sense of community', and 'belonging' instead of abstract functional order. Although CIAM did not suggest inhumane architecture, their biological criteria with sunlight, air, sufficient site became physical determinism. Critique against the Team 10, unsuccess for making humane architecture leads to underestimation like a generational hegemony struggle. However, architect is not specialist of life but form. Historical reevaluation for Team 10 should be that they are the first group to raise an human issue in architecture. Success or not to solve the problem belongs to another domain. After 1960, modern architecture was attacked from the common people, not clients but 'users'. Academic circle tried to solve the problem with behavioral approach through a clear process, 'design method' and with phenomenological approach on real human experience. However practice became reactionary tendency, to make form a little complex, they became post-modern and deconstruction form. Failure of the Team 10's form proved that a complex form does not necessarily make a good life of people. In the Korean historic situation of colony ruling, confusion of liberation, and the War, we did not know the existence of both CIAM and Team 10. After 1970s' economic development, we have just copied Western form from Modern via Post-Modern to Deconstruction. If we make architecture people mattered, we should start from the basic, learning from the Team's break-away, instead of copying.

In the meantime, the study of traditional and contemporary house had been produced so many achievements in korea, but modern house is yet to be solved, Accordingly, It is necessary to develop and present the basic research data in order to build up an objective study for urban house in the modern age(1910-1945), Following to a study on the foreigner's house in grid-type settlement of Open Ports, in this research is to investigate and analyze modern houses of urban areas in korean inland, and then clarify types and changes of them. In the first year(1995~96), the modern houses of Central Inland Districts(arrounding river Kumgang)-Kunsan kanggyong Puyo Kongju Pugang Chongju were investigated by the layout of room, the construction and materials, the design and style, etc. In the second year(1996~97), the modern houses of Open Market(開市場)-Seoul Taegu Kwangju Taejon Chonju were conducted to investigate as above. The traditional house transformed by differentiation and addition of room(kan), the various types were respectively adopted for the korean reforming and western cultural house. In the layout of room, the types of plan were gradually concentrated from the single wings of korean traditional house. The korean traditional house was later improved through the introduction of entrance, corridor, and internal toilet/bathroom. But the korean under-floor heating system(andal) and a series of three rooms had been entirely maintained, composed of master bedroom/living room(daechung)/room. And the traditional town house with shop and storage, being built closely to each other and walled up both sides, it had taken gradually the extensive characteristics in itself. By the displacement of shop/dwelling/ storage. the various types were respectively adopted for the separated, multi-storied, and complex type. The type of them was gradually changed to the narrow and linear form. And so with the stockpile of fundamental datas about modern houses in korean urban areas, we expect these results contribute to the knowledge of the spatial characteristics of urban house at present which are required to the understanding of transition as well as types.

Ultrafine WC-10wt.%Co cemented carbides powders were synthesized by direct carburization. W-Co composite powders and carbon black powders were mixed by wet ball milling and dried. The mixed powders were heated to 800 with heating rate of 8.2/min and held for various times in flowing . For carbon addition of 140%, the carburization was completed by heating at 80 for 4 hours. The carburization time decreased with increasing amount of carbon and carburization was completed by heating at 800 for 2 hours with carbon addition of 150%. WC-10 wt%Co cemented carbides powders fabricated by direct carburization have nanoscale WC(100 nm) size.