소면적 약용작물인 율무의 주산지인 연천에서 조명나방의 발생 양상을 조사하고, 이를 기반으로 5종의 살충제와 3종의 유기농업 자재에 대 한 포장 방제효과를 검정하였다. 조명나방의 성충은 5월부터 발생이 시작되어 10월 하순까지 총 3세대를 경과하였다. 포장시험 결과, 5종의 살충 제인 novaluron, lufenuron, spinetoram, cyclaniliprole, flufenoxuron과 3종의 유기농업 자재인 CCBP (gosam extracts 90%), LT (neem extracts 60%), JT (citronella oil 30 + derris extracts 20 + cinnamon extracts 10%)는 율무에 발생하는 조명나방에 대하여 2 지역 모두에서 높은 방제효과를 보였으며, 2배량에서도 약해가 없어 율무 전용 살충제로써 이용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

오래전부터 산업곤충으로서 이용되어온 누에는 최근 바이오 신소재 생산을 위한 생체공장으로써 주목받고 있다. 소재생산을 위해서는 주 로 형질전환 기술을 이용하게 되며, 이는 배아가 있는 알 속으로 목적 유전자를 삽입하는 마이크로인젝션(microinjection) 방식으로 이루어진다. 마이크로인젝션을 위해서는 알을 고정하는 과정이 필수적이며 시간 소모 및 피로도가 높은 작업이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시간 소모 및 피로도 개선을 통하여 형질전환 효율을 높이고자 3D 프린팅을 이용하여 알의 정렬 및 고정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 알 배열판(egg liner) 및 접착제 줄눈판 (glue drawer)을 3DCADian 프로그램을 이용하여 모델링하고, Fusion 360를 이용하여 3차원 도면을 제작 후 프린팅하여 제작하였다. 제작된 두 도구를 이용하여 슬라이드 글라스에 알을 고정하고, 소요된 시간을 분석한 결과 도구를 사용하지 않았을 때에 비하여 2가지 도구를 이용했을 때 작업시간이 약18.6% 감소하였으며, 연구자의 작업 편의성을 향상시키고 마이크로인젝션을 위한 현미경 및 로봇 팔(manipulator) 조작을 유 리하게 하였다. 따라서 알의 배열 수 또는 조작 편의성을 개선할 수 있는 추가적인 연구 및 개량이 이루어진다면, 알 배열판 및 접착제 줄눈판이 누 에 형질전환 효율성 개선 및 다른 산업 곤충의 형질전환 연구에도 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

｢곤충산업의 육성 및 지원에 관한 법률｣ 제6조에 따라 국립농업과학원에서는 2020년도에 곤충산업 종사자를 대상으로 실태조사를 실시하 였다. 곤충산업 종사자의 유형은 생산업이 가장 많았고(98.5%), 남성 비율이 높았으며(80.4%), 연령은 50대가 36.4%로 가장 많았다. 산업곤충 의 생산 유형은 식약용 곤충 66.5%, 사료용 12.8%, 애완용 20.7%였으며, 식약용 곤충 중 흰점박이꽃무지는 69.6%로 가장 많이 생산되고 있었 으며, 사료용으로는 귀뚜라미류가 31.2%, 애완(정서)용으로는 장수풍뎅이가 45.6%로 가장 많이 생산되고 있었다. 제품의 형태는 분말이 68.5% 로 가장 높았고, 생물로 판매되는 경우는 40.9%로 조사되었다. 연간 소득이 있는 곤충농가는 77.3%이고, 그 중에서 연간 판매금액이 2천만원 미 만인 경우가 65.4%를 차지하였다. 곤충산업 종사자들의 가장 큰 애로사항은 판로 확보로 조사되었다(84.0%). 이와 같이 곤충산업 종사자는 매 년 늘어나고 있지만 20대~40대 청년 곤충농가 대표는 줄어들고 있고, 생산은 특정 대표 곤충 종에 한정되어 있으며, 매우 영세하게 농가가 유지 되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 곤충 농가에서는 판로확보에 가장 큰 어려움을 느끼고 있어 산업곤충 소비 촉진을 위한 이용 기술 개발이 시급하다 고 판단된다.

보호지역 중 국립공원은 생물다양성이 풍부한 곳으로 다른 곳에 비해 인간에게 제공되는 생태계서비스 혜택이 높은 편이다. 이러한 국립공원의 가치를 객관적이고 과학적인 데이터를 기반으로 관리하기 위해 생태계서비스 평가가 활용되 고 있다. 생태계서비스는 공급, 조절, 문화, 지지의 4가지 서비스로 분류되며, 본 연구에서는 지지서비스 중 서식지질을 평가하였다. 서식지질 평가는 InVEST의 Habitat Quality 모델을 활용하였으며, 선행연구 분석 및 국내 보호지역 실정을 반영하여 인자별 민감도 및 서식지질 초기값 계수를 재설정하였다. 한라산국립공원을 제외한 21개 국립공원의 서식지 질을 분석하고 지도화하였다. 서식지질은 0과 1사이의 값으로 나타나며, 1에 가까울수록 자연성이 높은 것으로 평가한 다. 서식지질 분석결과 설악산·태백산국립공원(0.90), 지리산·오대산국립공원(0.89), 소백산국립공원(0.88) 순으로 높 게 나타났다. 해안-해상형 국립공원을 제외한 18개 국립공원의 면적과 서식지질을 비교한 결과 면적이 넓을수록 전반적 으로 서식지질이 높게 나타났다. 용도지구별 서식지질을 비교한 결과 공원자연보존지구, 공원자연환경지구, 공원문화 유산지구, 공원마을지구 순으로 서식지질이 높게 나타났다. 서식지질 분석과 용도지구별 법적인 규제를 함께 고려하였 을 때, 인위적인 행위가 제한될수록 서식지질은 높아지는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 국내 보호지역 상황에 맞게 매개변수를 조정하여 21개 전 국립공원을 대상으로 서식지질 분석을 실시한 것에 의의가 있다. 적확한 수치와 지도화를 통해 직관적으로 파악이 용이하며, 향후 보호지역의 개발 및 보전에 관련한 정책 결정에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in various fields because they make it easy to control porous structures according to combinations of metal ions and organic linkers. In addition, ZIF (zeolitic imidazolate framework), a type of MOF, is made up of transition metal ions such as Co2+ or Zn2+ and linkers such as imidazole or imidazole derivatives. ZIF- 67, composed of Co2+ and 2-methyl imidazole, exhibits both chemical stability and catalytic activity. Recently, due to increasing need for energy technology and carbon-neutral policies, catalysis applications have attracted tremendous research attention. Moreover, demand is increasing for material development in the electrocatalytic water splitting and metal-air battery fields; there is also a need for bifunctional catalysts capable of both oxidation/reduction reactions. This review summarizes recent progress of bifunctional catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting and metal-air batteries using ZIF-67. In particular, the field is classified into areas of thermal decomposition, introduction of heterogeneous elements, and complex formation with carbonbased materials or polyacrylonitrile. This review also focuses on synthetic methods and performance evaluation.

Tungsten carbide is widely used in carbide tools. However, its production process generates a significant number of end-of-life products and by-products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient recycling methods and investigate the remanufacturing of tungsten carbide using recycled materials. Herein, we have recovered 99.9% of the tungsten in cemented carbide hard scrap as tungsten oxide via an alkali leaching process. Subsequently, using the recovered tungsten oxide as a starting material, tungsten carbide has been produced by employing a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method. SHS is advantageous as it reduces the reaction time and is energy-efficient. Tungsten carbide with a carbon content of 6.18 wt % and a particle size of 116 nm has been successfully synthesized by optimizing the SHS process parameters, pulverization, and mixing. In this study, a series of processes for the highefficiency recycling and quality improvement of tungsten-based materials have been developed.

본 논문은 FRP 그리드로 보강된 콘크리트 보의 휨 성능을 예측하기 위한 해석적 연구결과를 제시한다. FRP 그리드 로 보강된 콘크리트 보의 휨 성능 예측을 위해 상용구조해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA를 이용하여 유한요소해석이 수행되었다. 유 한요소해석 시 콘크리트와 FRP 그리드 간의 본드-슬립을 고려하였으며, 콘크리트와 FRP 그리드의 구속조건은 BEAM_IN_SOLID 모델이 적용되었다. 이후, 국내 여러 연구자들에 의해 수행된 실험 결과의 재현해석을 통해 제안된 유한요소해석 모델의 정확성 이 검증되었다. 최대하중, 최대하중 시의 변위 실험값에 대한 해석값의 비는 각각 0.990, 0.924, 표준편차 각각 0.056, 0.087로 제 안된 해석모델은 FRP 그리드로 보강된 콘크리트 보의 휨 성능을 잘 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 제안된 유한해석모델을 이용하여 콘크리트 보의 인장재로 철근이 아닌 CFRP그리드를 적용하기 위한 매개변수해석이 수행되었으며, 콘크리트 압축강도, FRP그리드의 겹 수, FRP그리드의 유효깊이는 CFRP그리드로 보강된 콘크리트 부재의 휨성능에 중요한 인자임을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to define the concept of social stigma related to COVID-19 and to identify attributes of nurses with experience in nursing COVID-19 confirmed patients. The study analysis method used the hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim, and data was collected from literature related to social stigma and 7 nurses who had experience caring for confirmed COVID-19 patients. As a result of this study, the social stigma related to COVID-19 of nurses who have experience nursing confirmed patients was derived into three attributes. The three areas were derived from undervaluation, discrimination, and negative stereotypes. As a result, social rejection, social isolation, and lack of social support were found. As a primary result, cognitive response to inequality, emotional response to increased stress, increased anxiety, disappointment, alienation, and avoidance appeared. As a secondary result, negative self-concept, destruction of self-integration, self-stigmatization, and job satisfaction were shown. As a result, this study is meaningful in that it provided a practical foundation for a strategy to reduce social stigma related to COVID-19 of nurses who have cared for COVID-19 confirmed patients.

The severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) is classified into mild, moderately severe, and severe, considering the presence and duration of organ failure and local complications. Since patients with AP show a large difference in mortality and morbidity according to AP severity, evaluation of the severity of patients with AP in the early stage is important for predicting the prognosis and determining treatment plans including transfer to the intensive care unit or advanced facilities. In order to evaluate the initial severity of AP, it is necessary to confirm the presence of organ failure and objective evaluation using imaging or clinical examinations. In this guideline, it is recommended that evaluation using various severity indices such as bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE)-II scores be considered.

Acute pancreatitis can range from a mild, self-limiting disease that requires no more than supportive care to severe disease with life-threatening complications. Therefore, to provide a framework for clinicians to manage acute pancreatitis and to improve national health care, the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) established the first Korean guideline for the management of acute pancreatitis in 2013. However, many challenging issues exist, which sometimes lead to differences in practice between clinicians. Taking together the recent dramatic changes of latest knowledge and evidence newly obtained, the committee of the KPBA decided to perform an extensive revision of the guidelines. These revised guidelines were developed by using mainly Delphi methods, and the main topics of these guidelines fall under the following topics: 1) diagnosis, 2) severity assessment, 3) initial treatment, nutritional support, and convalescent treatment, 4) the treatment of local complication and necrotizing pancreatitis. The specific recommendations are presented with the quality of evidence and classification of recommendations.

고품질의 아가콩 음료개발을 위해 반응표면분석법에 의한 추출조건을 최적화 하였다. 아가콩 의 최적 볶음조건은 250 ℃, 30분으로 설정하였다. 추출시간, 추출온도에 따른 아가콩의 품질지표인 pH, 색도 및 이소플라본 함량은 1% 이내에서의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추출온도와 추출시간이 길어질수록 이소플라본 함량은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반응표면분석의 이소플라본 추출 공정 최적화 결과 추출온도는 99.5 ℃, 추출시간은 1.7 h으로 나타났으며, 이 조건에서 이소플라본의 최적 수 율은 10.63 μg/mL로 예측되었다.

This study was conducted on October 23, 2020 at the Cheongpyeong Reservoir located in Seorakmyeon, Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, and analyzed the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of fish based on data obtained using fishfinder. The total surface area of fishfinder survey conducted was 782,853 m2, and where the water depth (WD) ranges from 10 m to 12 m is widest which 31.7% of total surface area. As a result of the heat map analysis, fish density was highest at right bank under the Gapyeong-bridge, but there was no specific pattern in horizontal distribution of fish. As a result of vertical distribution of fish analysis, 86.6% of fishes are observed at below 6 m of the fish depth (FD, distance from water surface to fish). As a result of the relative height (RH, water depth-distance from bottom to fish ratio) analysis, there was a tendency that fishes are distributed in near surface area more as the WD increased. This tendency could have various reasons such as water temperature gradient along the water depth, and further studies are required for detailed explanation.

Indoor air quality management is essential for a healthy life. However, it is difficult to perceive, detect, and monitor the level of indoor air pollution and this means that it is possible to be exposed to more pollution indoors than outdoors. In this study, in order to derive effective indoor air quality management measures, public perceptions and behavioral characteristics regarding indoor particulate matter and air quality management methods were investigated through a survey of 1,000 people. Based on the survey, it was found that most of the respondents had a negative perception of the indoor air quality of their residence, and natural ventilation was the most used method for indoor air quality management. Although the frequency of use of air quality management devices such as air purifiers and mechanical ventilation systems was relatively low, their effect regarding air quality management was positively perceived. In particular, the results of survey indicated that respondents of families which included members with fragile health engaged in more active behavior regarding in indoor air quality management than those respondents whose family members had no health issues and that the former have used air quality management devices more frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop proper guidelines to encourage more people to actively participate in improving indoor air quality.

The electrochemical type gas sensor has the advantage of being easy to use due its small size, and it is also relatively inexpensive. However, its output can easily vary depending on temperature and humidity conditions. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the exact output characteristics of a sensor according to the measuring environment in order to improve measurement accuracy for any set of given conditions. The purpose of this study is to obtain basic information about the output characteristics of a sensor that is used both indoor and outdoor according to the variation in temperature and humidity conditions in order to improve the accuracy of the sensor. To achieve this result, a calibration curve was made using ammonia standard gas and the calibration factor was calculated using the calibration curve and the measuring accuracy was confirmed with regard to the ammonia sensor. Based on the test results, the variation of the sensor output value was large in relation to temperature and humidity variation. It was found that the output value from the sensor at higher temperature and humidity conditions was also higher. However, the measuring accuracy of the sensor could be improved by more than 10% by applying the calibration factor and an average accuracy of more than 97% could be achieved. It is anticipated that the result of this study can be used as basic data to obtain more accurate results using electrochemical sensors for a given set of temperature and humidity conditions, and therefore, it can also be considered that the reliability and applicability of electrochemical sensors can be improved.

High concentrations of fine particles are increasingly being detected due to inflows from abroad and local emission sources in Korea. As most people spend about 90% of their time indoors, the use of indoor air cleaners has grown significantly as they are now thought to be essential items. In this study, the noise, power consumption, and clean air delivery rate (CADR) of commercial air cleaners were analyzed according to the structural shape of the air cleaners. Analyses were performed based on the experimental results of 249 cases for air cleaners certified by Korea Air Cleaning Association. The air cleaners with front inlet and upper outlet air flow direction, which currently account for the highest market share, were found to have the highest noise per CADR (dB(A)/(m3/min)). On the other hand, the air cleaners with the inlet and outlet air flow in the same horizontal direction were found to have lowest noise per CADR than other structures.

Magnetic abrasive finishing process is one of the advanced finishing technique, which is commonly used to improve the surface accuracy and dimensional of many products in various application such as for medical implant, automotive, electrical, and IT, etc. In this study, the MAF process using rotating magnetic field with flexible processing force is used to smooth the surface of STS 316L stents wire under the optimal conditions such as rotating speed: 150, 350, 600rpm; diamond grain size: 1, 3, 6-μm, and processing time: 20, 40, 60, 80min. The results showed that under the processing conditions, quality enhancement in surface accuracy of STS 316L stent wire is achieved, in which the surface roughness is reduced from 0.22 to 0.06-μm.

Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides Makino (Korean wild radish [WR]) are root vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family. These radish species mostly grow in sea areas in Asia, where they have been traditionally used as a medicinal food to treat various diseases. To investigate the effect of WR on neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, betaamyloid was used to develop the cell death model. WR attenuated neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y and regulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. WR extract also inhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity. Additionally, the WR treatment group ameliorated the behavior of the memory-impaired mice in a scopolamine-induced mouse model. In the behavior test, WR treated mice showed shorter escape latency and swimming distance and improved the platform-crossing number and the swimming time within the target quadrant. Furthermore, WR prevented histological loss of neurons in hippocampal CA1 regions induced by scopolamine. This study shows that WR can prevent memory impairment which may be a crucial way for the prevention and treatment of memory dysfunction and neuronal cell death.