Pleurotus species are the most consumed and cultivated mushrooms in Korea. Although oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) can be cultivated automatically, their storability is slightly lower than that of king oyster mushrooms (P. eryngii) and winter mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes); therefore, the export proportion of oyster mushrooms is very low. Since Korean mushrooms are highly preferred across Southeast Asian, the export of oyster mushrooms in the form of complete substrates is expected to be more promising than that of fresh mushroom. Here, 1 and 2.5 kg complete substrates of P. ostreatus ‘Soltari’ and P. sajor-caju ‘Sambok’ were prepared and stored at different temperature from 0 to 15°C for 10 days. Thereafter, the formation of fruiting bodies was induced. Since the 2.5 kg complete substrates required 70 days of incubation, their mycelia were at an advanced age and their fruiting bodies did not grown normally. When 70%-incubated complete substrates were stored at 5–10°C, the growth was faster and more uniform and stable fruiting bodies were formed. Export test of complete substrates to Vietnam using distribution containers set at 0°C and 15°C revealed that the growth period was shortened by 1–2 days when the distribution containers were set at 15°C and the yield of ‘Soltari’ increased by approximately 10%. In addition, even though the yield of ‘Sambok’ was similar between treatments at 0°C and 15°C, the quality of fruiting bodies from 15°C-distributed complete substrates was much better than that of those from 0°C-distributed substrates.

Flammulina velutipes, known as winter mushroom in the family of Physalacriaceae, is the main edible and export mushroom with the third highest production after oyster and king oyster mushroom in Korea. However, as normal consumers regard F. velutipes as a simple subsidiary material, there is a limitation to increasing mushroom demand. In order to overcome the consumption limit and increase the differentiation of new varieties, it is necessary to breed varieties with enhanced functionality in consideration of consumer preferences. Therefore, the study was performed to analyze nutrient components and several useful functional substances with 26 genetic resources of F. velutipes. Analyses of inorganic compound(Ca, K, Mg) and 15 amino acids revealed that Strain 4148 had the highest content among the 26 strains. Beta-glucan, which increases immune activity and polyphenol, which exert antioxidant effects were higher in non-white strains than in white strains with a small number of exceptions. Among the five fatty acids, linoleic acid(an omega-6 fatty acid) and α-linolenic acid(an omega-3 fatty acid), were detected in six mushroom strains. α-linolenic acid, which was not found in five major mushrooms including oyster mushrooms, was identified in F. velutipes. The results of HPLC analysis showed that ‘Auram’ (Strain 4232) and ‘Baekseung’(Strain 4230) had the highest content of the stabilizing neurotransmitter GABA(15.38 μg/ml and 20.56 μg/ml, respectively) among non-white and white strains, respectively. Our findings provide useful information for breeding F. velutipes to obtain strains with enhanced functionality.

1970년대에 등장해 진중하면서도 탁월한 마티에르가 강조된 추상회화를 보여준 권훈칠은 1980년대 후반 갑작스레 이탈리아 유학을 떠난다. 이탈리아 유학 동안에 그는 기존에 꾸준히 천 착해오던 스승 정창섭의 추상화에서 보여지던 마티에르를 강조하는 방식을 버리고 평소 개인적 으로 관심을 갖던 풍경화에 몰두한다. 풍경화는 그가 이탈리아에 오기 이전부터 꾸준히 그려오던 장르였다. 권훈칠의 이러한 풍경 중심의 화풍은 그가 로마에 유학하던 당시 영향받았던 오토첸 토, 즉 이탈리아의 19세기 회화와 연관이 있다. 당시 이탈리아는 통일운동으로 점철된 시대였고 조국의 땅과 풍경을 화폭에 담고자했던 이탈리아의 화가들을 마키아이올리(Macchiaioli)라고 불렀다. 이탈리아 토스카나, 그리고 피렌체에서 출발한 이들은 겉으로 보기에는 프랑스의 인상파 운동과 매우 비슷한 화풍을 지녔으나 다루는 주제, 애국심, 그리고 전통적인 르네상스 회화적 구 도 등을 활용하는 새로운 화파였다. 권훈칠이 이들에게 영향을 받아 한국의 풍경을 그린 수채화 들은 정적인 공간과 개인의 안식, 그리고 내 나라, 내 땅에 대한 애정을 보여주는 작품들이었다. 논문은 권훈칠의 풍경화에 나타나는 이탈리아 마티아이올리의 영향을 추적하며 그의 풍경화가 드러내는 의미를 고찰하고 있다.

목적 : 본 연구는 작업치료사의 전문직업적 정체성이 직무몰입과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2020년 3월 1일부터 2020년 3월 24일까지 작업치료사 145명을 대상으로 전문직업적 정체성, 직무 몰입, 조직몰입에 대한 조사를 실시하였다. 일반적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 빈도분석을 하였으며, 전문직업적 정체성, 직 무몰입과 조직몰입 정도를 알아보기 위해 기술통계를 사용하였다. 또한 전문직업적 정체성, 직무몰입과 조직몰입 간의 상 관성을 알아보기 위하여 피어슨 상관계수를 사용하였다. 그리고 전문직업적 정체성이 직무몰입과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 을 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 작업치료사의 전문직업적 정체성은 평균 3.25±.38점이었다. 둘째, 대상자 의 일반적 특성에 따른 전문직업적 정체성은 최종학력과 근무기관에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<.05), 직무몰입은 최종학 력과 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 셋째, 전문직업적 정체성의 모든 하위 요인은 직무몰입, 조직몰입과 양(+)의 상관관 계가 있었다(p<.01). 넷째, 직무몰입과 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 전문직업적 정체성의 하위 요인은 직업에 대한 소명의 식, 전문조직의 활용으로, 직업에 대한 소명의식과 전문조직의 활용이 높을수록 직무몰입과 조직몰입이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과를 통해 작업치료사의 전문직업적 정체성이 직무몰입과 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 전문직업적 정체성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

An estuary is a water ecosystem with a high abundance of the species diversity, due to a variety of complex physicochemical factors of the area where freshwater and ocean mixed. The identification of Corbicula species in the estuary environments is difficult because of various morphological characteristics. In this study, we provide taxonomic information on Corbicula species with taxonomic difficulties using morphological and genetic analysis. This study was conducted on clams from the Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay, one of the major production area of marsh clam in Korea. As a result, we characterized Cytocrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the Corbicula. The 636 bp nucleotide sequences of COI have 98% homology among Corbicula species collected from 2 sites of Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay. The phylogenetic analysis with 17 species of Corbicula indicated that most of the species collected from Seomjin River-Gwangyang Bay were brackish water clam (Corbicula japonica), and only one Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea). The evolutionary distance between C. japonica and C. fluminea was less than 0.003. Therefore, it was confirmed that C. japonica is phylogenetically closely related to C. fluminea. In 9 species of Cyrenidae, phylogenetic tree was classified into three lineages. These results will be used as an important data for an identification of clam species by providing genetic information for Corbicula species with a morphological diversity. Key words: Corbicula japonica, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (

Despite the long history of mushroom use, studies examining the genetic function of mushrooms and the development of new varieties via bio-molecular methods are significantly lacking compared to those examining other organisms. However, owing to recent developments, attempts have been made to use a novel gene-editing technique involving CRISPR/Cas9 technology and genetic scissors in mushroom studies. In particular, research is actively being conducted to utilize ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that can be genetically edited with high efficiency without foreign gene insertion for ease of selection. However, RNPs are too large for Cas9 protein to pass through the cell membrane of the protoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, guide RNA is unstable and can be easily decomposed, which remarkably affects gene editing efficiency. In this study, nanoparticles were used to mitigate the shortcomings of RNP-based gene editing techniques and to obtain transformants stably. We used Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) Sanjo705-13 monokaryon strain, which has been successfully used in previous genome editing experiments. To identify a suitable osmotic buffer for the isolation of protoplast, 0.6 M and 1.2 M sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and KCl were treated, respectively. In addition, with various nanoparticle-forming materials, experiments were conducted to confirm genome editing efficiency via the formation of nanoparticles with calcium phosphate (CaP), which can be bound to Cas9 protein without any additional amino acid modification. RNPs/NP complex was successfully formed and protected nuclease activity with nucleotide sequence specificity.

The purpose of this study was to breed a variety of stable productivity and high storage characteristics of white Hypsizygus marmoreus, which has high demand at domestic and global market due to a low bitter taste and the preference for white species. Accordingly, ‘Baekmaru’ was bred by hybridizing brown and white cap color species and backcrossing with white species. The ‘Baekmaru’ variety was bred by crossbreeding the brown and white species and backcrossing the white species. Through repeated cultivation of ‘Baekmaru’, a variety with a low contamination rate was selected when culturing the spawn for stable cultivation. As a results of demonstration test, the yield of ‘Baekmaru’ was 14% higher than that of the commercial variety. In addition, among the fruiting body characteristics of ‘Baekmaru’, diameter and thickness of the pileus were 16.43±15.27mm and 6.46±0.58mm, which were slightly higher than the commercial variety, and the hardness was 2.69±0.89N for the pileus and 3.09±0.89N for the stipe. The shelf life showed less change in thickness and color of pileus compared to commercial variety. The hardness of pileus of 'Baekmaru' was maintained in the range of 3.5 to 4.0N in the 4oC and 4oC and 20oC mixed treatment until 30 days of storage, and was higher than that of the commercial variety. Therefore, it was suggested to be excellent in storability.

As the importance of public health increases with the spread of infectious diseases, functionality has become a factor affecting consumers’ purchase of mushrooms. Therefore, the bioactive components of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), which are generally known to promote button mushroom consumption, were analyzed. White and brown button mushrooms were compared and white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) were used as a control. White button mushrooms had higher sugar and inorganic potassium concentrations than brown button mushrooms, whereas sodium, magnesium, and vitamin C concentrations were not significantly different between the different button mushrooms. Moreover, there was approximately twice as much ergosterol in white button mushrooms than brown button mushrooms. Brown button mushrooms had higher concentrations of β-glucan and oxalic acid than white button mushrooms, but there was no significant difference in total organic acid content between the two mushroom types. High concentrations of the essential amino acids, ergothioneine, isoleucine, and leucine and the non-essential amino acids, glycine and alanine, were observed. Concentrations of the vitamin B group and total polyphenols were also high.

The experimental fish transplanted from China in 2015 was used after seedling production and cultivated. Breeding management for experiment was carried out from October 2020 to February 2021. Also, it succeeded in inducing artificial maturation three to four months earlier than wild broodstock and secured good quality fertilized eggs. The average size of fertilized eggs was 1.22 mm, at 20℃ Blastodisc (15 minutes post-fertilization), 2 cell (50 minutes), 4 cell (1 hours), 8 cell (2 hours), 16 cell (2 hours and 30 minutes), 32 cell (2 hours and 50 minutes), morula (3 hours), blastula (8 hours), gastrula (15 hours), skull formation (20 hours), organ formation (30 hours) and hatching yolk larvae stage (35 hours). The total length of the just hatched larvae were 2.50 ± 2 mm, and then gain growth of 42.5 mm by 60 days, reaching 45 ± 5 mm.

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising materials for various optoelectronic applications including photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and photodetectors because of their high absorption coefficient, high diffusion length, and photoluminescence quantum yield. However, understanding the morphological evolution of the MHP NCs as well as their controlled assembly into optoelectronic devices is still challenging and will require further investigation of the colloidal chemistry. In this study, we found that the amount of n-octylamine (the capping agent) plays a crucial role in inducing further growth of the MHP NCs into one-dimensional nanowires during the aging process. In addition, we demonstrate that the dielectrophoresis process can permit self-alignment of the MHP nanowires with uniform distribution and orientation on interdigitated electrodes. A strong light-matter interaction in the MHP NWs array was observed under UV illumination, indicating the photo-induced activation of their luminescence and electrical current in the self-aligned MHP nanowire arrays.