열점박이별잎벌레(O. decempunctatus)는 유충과 성충이 모두 포도잎과 열매를 가해하는 식식성 해충으로 최근 포도원에 나타나 피해를 주고 있으며, 포도나무 지재부에서 알로 월동하였다. 유충 발생최성기는 6월 상순 이었고 성충은 8월 하순 ~ 9월 상순으로 포도의 생육시기와 맞물려 발생하였으며, 유충시기 때 발생피해가 컸다.
Campbell early 포도잎을 먹이로 제공하여 열점박이별잎벌레의 부화율, 발육기간 및 성충수명을 조사하였다. 온도는 20℃, 23℃, 25℃, 27℃, 30℃항온조건과 광주기16L:8D 및 습도50~60%에서 조사한 결과 알에서 우화까지의 발육기간은 20℃에서 81.0일이고, 30℃에서 40.7일이었다. 온도가 높을수록 짧은 발육기간을 보였으며, 알에서 용까지의 생존율은 온도별 각각 45.1%, 63.7%, 68.3%, 32.2%, 5.9%로 나타났고, 부화율은 25℃에서 79.9%로 가장 높았고, 30℃에서 39.8%로 가장 낮았다. 온도별 성충 생존기간도 25℃에서 34.6일로 가장 길었으며 고온에서는 짧은 경향을 나타내었다. 알, 유충, 용, 알에서 우화까지의 발육영점온도는 각각 10.4℃, 11.5℃, 9.1℃, 9.3℃였고, 유효적산 온도는 167.5, 290.9, 404.2, 920.5일도로 조사되었다.
Aliphatic cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of different developmental stages of the spot clothing wax cicada, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The numbers of carbons in the major CHCs of each developmental stage 32, 33, 28, 38, 37 in the egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ins tar nymphal stages, and adults, respectively. The cuticle of Lycorma delicatula contains mainly methyl-branched 9-methylheptacosane (15.11%) in the egg stage, and a high proportion of n-heptacosane in nymphal stages (15.75, 22.42, 25.04, and 23.11 % in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars, respectively). In contrast, male and female adults had high proportions of n-nonacosane (13.42 and 16.55%). The chemical constituents of CHCs were classified into five groups (n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, trimethylalkanes, olefins) and group profiles of each developmental stage were compared. Egg surface was composed mainly monomethylalkanes (45.39%), a saturated hydrocar-bon. Nymph CHCs consisted primarily of n-alkanes (37.63 to 46.12%). There was a difference between adult male and female CHCs_ However, both contained n-alkanes and monomethylalkanes. CHCs with trimethyl or double bonded structure were rare in all stages.
충북 청주․청원에 위치한 4곳의 포도원과 진천군에 위치한 포도원 3곳에서 포도 나무 가지에 산란된 난괴를 흰색 망사자루를 이용하여 주변과 격리시키면서 부화 되는 약충수를 조사하였다. 조사기간은 5월 13일부터 6월 4일까지 23일간, 부화된 꽃매미 약충수로 조사하였다. 청주․청원지역에서 꽃매미 부화시기는 5월 15일에 처음 부화한 것을 시작으로 5월 19일부터 23일까지 꽃매미 부화가 집중되었고, 진 천지역에서는 5월 17일에 부화한 것을 시작으로 5월 22일부터 25일까지 꽃매미 부화가 집중되었다. 꽃매미 총 부화기간은 청주․청원지역은 19일간, 진천지역은 15일간이었다. 꽃매미 부화가 끝난 시기는 청주․청원은 6월 2일, 진천지역은 5월 31일 이었다. 꽃매미 방제는 알 기간인 겨울철에는 알집제거, 약충시기에는 약제살포로 방제 하는 것이 효율적이다. 따라서 꽃매미 부화시기 조사는 꽃매미 방제에 효율적으로 이용될 수 있다.
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of the pine sawyer (Monochamus saltuarius), Japanese pine sawyer (M. alternatus) and oak longicorn beetle (Moechotypa diphysis) were analyzed by GC, GC-MS and compared. Monochamus beetles are typical vectors of pine wilt disease but Moechotypa diphysis, which belongs to the same family, is not. They possess different CHCs in carbon number: 23-25 in M. saltuarius, 25-32 in M. alternatus, and 23-29 in M. diphysis. In comparison to inter-species, these three species of adult beetles have different numbers and chains of constituents of CHCs. In comparison between male and female in intra-species, the quantities of CHCs show the difference but constituents are not. Major constituent of M. saltuarius were analyzed as n-pentacosane > n-nonacosane > n-heptacosane, those of M. alternatus were n-nonacosene > n-pentacosane > n-nonacosane, and those of M. diphysis were n-heptacosane > 13-methylheptacosane > 3-methylheptacosane. From the body surface, most saturated carbohydrates of 3 species beetles are composed of n-alkane (40.2 - 65.7%) and followed by olefines > monomethylalkanes that one or two double bonds in M. saltuarius and M. alternatus. Otherwise, M. diphysis have the difference in order of monomethylalkanes > olefins.
Four major agricultural insect pests, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella and Tetranychus urticae, were irradiated with 30, 50, 70, or 100 Gy electron-beam. Longevity, egg hatching, emergence, and fecundity of the test insects were measured. Hatchability of B. tabaci, P. xylostella and T. urticae declined with increasing irradiation doses, and all B. tabaci and T. urticae eggs were dead at 100 Gy. When eggs of B. tabaci, P. xylostella and T. urticae were irradiated, hatch was inhibited. B. tabaci adults grown from 70 Gy irradiated eggs did not lay eggs. Fecundity of P. xylostella from the 100 Gy irradiated eggs decreased. When B. tabaci, P. xylostella, M. persicae and T. urticae nymphs/larvae were irradiated, the results were similar as those of the hatched eggs. When P. xylostella pupae were irradiated with 100 Gy, fecundity of emerged adults decreased and no eggs hatched. When B. tabaci, P. xylostella, M. persicae and T. urticae adults were irradiated with 70 and 100 Gy, fecundity decreased and egg hatch of B. tabaci was inhibited. However, the longevity of adults did not change and electron-beam irradiation of all developmental stages had no effect on the longevity of adults.
Measurements were made on morphology of each developmental stages of the chestnut weevil, Curculio sikkimensis, reared in the laboratory and field from 2003 to 2006. The size of egg was 0.8±0.03 ㎜. The escaping larvae were measured, in average, as 98 ㎎ in body weight, 10.65 and 3.99 ㎜ in body length and width, and 1.70 ㎜ in head width. Pupal size of female and male was 7.01 and 6.53 ㎜, respectively. The fresh weight (0.343 g), body length (7.76 ㎜) and width (3.38 ㎜), and head width (1.60 ㎜) of female adults were significantly bigger than those (0.268 g, 7.14 ㎜, 3.01 ㎜ and 1.37 ㎜, respectively) of male adults. Proboscis length (6.53 ㎜) and antennal length (5.47 ㎜) of female was also significantly longer than those (3.56 and 4.63 ㎜, respectively) of male. The larvae of C. sikkimensis overwintered for 1~3 years and their body weight, body length, and body width were decreased. The ratio between proboscis length and body length, the basipodite position attached to the proboscis, and shape of the sex organ on the abdominal end could be used to discriminate sexes.
Host preference was tested on the 7 species plants against ggot-mae-mi, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). This insect highly preferred Ailanthus altissima and Vitis vinifera however, didn"t choose the other plants preferentially. Both nymphs and adults lived longest in A. altissima and V. vinifera but lived in short and low ecdysis rate against other plants and 3 species fruits. By analyzing the phloem-feeding behavior using EPG, L. delicatula was showed the short time in non-probing phase and it also exhibit the longest feeding time in A. altissima and V. vinifera, but other plants did not feed the phloem at all. In sugar contents analysis, A. altissima existed high sucrose proportion and followed by fructose>glucose, V. vinifera was analyzed by an order of glucose> fructose>maltose>sucrose>rhamnose, Malus pumila was as glucose> fructose, Pyrus calleryana was as glucose>unkown>fructose, Hibiscus syriacus was as sucrose>glucose. Nymphs and adults of L. delicatula lived longest in 5% sucrose solution, and next is in 5% fructose solution. However, they lived short in other sugar solutions. L. delicatula nymph and adult according to the combination of sugar proportion found in original plants lived longer in sugar combination solution of A. altissima and those of V. vinifera was next. Analyzed original sugar proportion from M. pumila, P. calleryana, H. syriacus respectively, L. delicatula lived short period comparing to the A. altissima, V. vinifera. This result was judged that sugar contents affected on choosing the host plants.
This study was performed to investigate the emergence timing and daily emergence from the different tree species logs (Korean white pine, Pine, and Japanese larch) at Cheongwon, Chungcheongbuk-do from 2006 to 2008. Pine sawyer adults began to emerge on early May (2~10th day) and finished on mid-June (4~20th day) in the Korean white pine and pine logs. However, pine sawyer adults began to emerge on mid-May (13th day) and finished late May (27th day) in Japanese larch logs. Japanese larch logs shows shorter emergence timing of pine sawyer adult compare to those of other two tree species. Emergence timing shows no difference between males and females. Sex ratios of emerged adult in 2007 were 0.55 from Korean white pine, 0.46 from Pine, and 0.59 from Japanese larch, it shows no difference among tree species. Female and male adults emerged throughout 24 hrs, 22.8% of the total adults emerged from 12~14:00 (22.8%) and adults emerged lowest from 06~08:00. Of the adults emerged from the logs, 98.9% was univoltine and the rest was biennial which emerged next year.
Nymphal development of the B and Q biotypes of Bemisia tabaci was normal on all seven tomato varieties tested. However, their nymphal development was different on red pepper varieties. B biotype was not normally developed on nine red pepper varieties tested. On the contrary, Q biotype was normally developed, but its adult emergence rate was very low in Nokkwang variety than in other eight varieties. The EPG analysis of the feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci showed that B and Q biotypes had different duration of phloem phases on red pepper. Q biotype showed longer phloem phases than B biotype. On Nokkwang variety, Q biotype had short phloem phases and did not prefer to feed on Nokkwang variety. Interestingly, Q biotype was found to have long duration of phloem phases on eight red pepper varieties, but B biotype did not prefer to feed on red pepper varieties. However, both biotypes did not show any difference in feeding time on tomato varieties.
Three lepidopteran insect pests of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the soybean pod worm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and an Ostrinia spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) attacking adzuki bean, Vigna angularis, were confirmed as the major insect pests during the reproductive developmental stage of adzuki bean, and M. vitrata existed dominantly. Almost all plants in the adzuki bean field were in jured by at least one of the three species, and 15~60% of reproductive organs were injured. Unbloomed inflorescence occurred continuously through the reproductive stage of adzuki bean. While the flower was many at the early stage and its number soon decreased, the pod was few at the early stage, but its number increased soon and maintained at a constant level. The results suggested that the adzuki bean injured by insect pests compensate the flower loss by developing new inflorescence, but the compensation do not cause the development of new pods. While M. vitrata and M. phaseoli were observed in flowers, pods and stem mainly during the first half of reproductive stage of adzuki bean, Ostrinia spp. was observed only in pods and stem during the second half. In addition, while all instars of larvae of M. vitrata were observed, larvae between the third and fifth instars for M. pahseoli and Ostrinia spp. were observed.
This study was performed to investigate the seasonal occurrence, developmental characteristics of each nymphal stages with different temperatures (20, 25, 30℃), longevity and fecundity of ussur brown katydid, Paratlanticus ussuriensis, damaging by outbreaks in the orchard areas of Bitan-ri, Yeongdong, Chungbuk. Paratlanticus ussuriensis occurred from late-March to late-August with peak of mid-May. Newly emerged nymphs appeared from March and do damaged fruit orchards with peak of mid-May when P. ussuriensis existed as 4th and 5th nymphal stages. P. ussuriensis adult occurred from early-June to mid-Aug. with peak of mid-July. Total density of P. ussuriensis was showed highest in mid-May. Paratlanticus ussuriensis goes through nymphal stages to 7th nymph, the ovipositor began exposed to outside from the 4th instar and the body weight increased heavily from this stage and the wings were observed from 6th instar. Developmental period was longer as increased the nymphal stages. Sex ratio of collected insect was showed as 0.57, females more than males. As increased the temperature, developmental period was to be short. Preoviposition was also to be short as 5.0, 4.3, and 3.4 days at 20, 25, 30℃, respectively, and fecundity increased as 69.0, 87.1, and 104.3 at 20, 25, 30℃, respectively. Longevity of male and female at 25℃ was showed the longest with 35.7, and 32.9 days and showed the shortest with 30.1 and 28.1 days at 30℃, respectively. The difference of developmental period in male and female were showed longer in female without relation of temperature. The eggs laid were frequently distributed 3 to 4 ㎝ from soil surface, and showed the behavior laying eggs intensively when early oviposition period.
벼의 관다발, 특히 체관부 흡즙성 곤충으로 알려진 애멸구의 벼 조직 내 흡즙행동을 규명하기 위해서 DC-electrical penegtraion graph(EPG) 파형을 분석하였다. 4엽기 벼 유묘에서 애멸구 암컷 성충의 EPG파형은 그 형태, 크기, 주파수에 따라 np, P, path, X, S, sPh, Ph파형으로 구분할 수 있었는데, 파형은 대체적으로 P, path, S, sPh, Ph파형 순서로 진행되었다. 각 파형들에서 애멸구 구침의 실제 위치는 레이저빔을 이용하여 구침을 절단한 후 조직의 미세절편을 통해 관찰하였는데, 구침의 선단부가 X파형에서는 물관부에, S, sPh, Ph파형에서는 체관부에 도달돼 있었다. 한편 Ph파형일 때 절단된 구침으로부터 식물액이 배출되었고 그 식물액에서 설탕이 유일한 당으로 검출되었으며, 애멸구가 감로를 주기적으로 배설하는 것이 관찰되어, Ph 파형을 체관부 흡즙파형으로 판단하였다. 위 파형들, 특히 Ph파형의 의미는 저항성과 감수성 벼 품종들 위에서의 EPG 측정으로 증명하였다. 저항성 품종은 IR8과 Muthumanikam을 사용하였는데, 먼저 생존성과 선호성 검정을 통해 이 품종들의 저항성을 확인하였고, EPG 측정 결과는 감수성 품종인 오대벼와 일미벼에서의 결과와 비교하였다. 6시간 동안 EPG 측정하였을 때, 감수성 품종들에 비해 저항성 품종들에서 np와 X파형기간이 길었고, sPh와 Ph파형기간은 짧았다. 한편 감수성 품종들에서 90% 이상의 애멸구가 Ph파형을 보였으나 저항성 품종인 IR8에서는 약 21%, Muthumanikam에서 약 11%만이 Ph파형을 보였다. 그러나 애멸구는 품종에 관계없이 대부분의 곤충이 Ph파형의 이전 단계인 sPh파형을 나타내었다. 위 결과로부터 애멸구는 저항성 품종에서는 체관부까지 구침을 도달시킬 수 있으나 체관부를 흡즙하는데 어려움이 있다고 판단되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 EPG파형으로 애멸구 흡즙행동을 적절히 설명할 수 있다고 판단되었다.
This study was performed to investigate the immature development period, fecundity, emergence rate and sex ratio of Sclerodermus harmandi against different host insects, Monochamus alternatus, M. saltuarius and Psacothea hilaris. Full grown larvae and pupae of host insects were provided with foods. The mean larval period of S. harmandi female was 29.2±0.93 and 25.1±0.47 days in larvae and pupae of M. alternatus, 27.1±0.41 and 26.0±0.69 days in M. saltuarius, and 26.3±0.38 and 31.2±0.24 days in P. hilaris, respectively. S. hilaris adults were emerged at 12.9±0.2 days in female and 11.9±0.2 days in male after pupation when hosted M. alternatus pupa. Development period in male showed shorter one day than in female. Success rate of oviposition against different hosts was higher as 98.6 and 97.5% on full grown larva and pupa of M. saltuarius. Emergence rate was higher as 90.1 and 87.3% on M. saltuarius larvae and pupae. Sex ratio of emerged S. harmandi adults was approximately 10:1 (Female : Male), females showed higher emergence rate than males. The period until first oviposition after emergence in S. harmandi female was the shortest in 4.6±0.1 days on M. saltuarius pupa. When three females of S. harmandi were inoculated on M. saltuarius larva, the number of laid eggs was the highest 62.7±2.5 per female.
최근 경기도와 강원도 일원의 잣나무림에서 소나무재선충병을 일으키는 소나무재선충의 매개충으로 알려진 북방수염하늘소(Monochamus saltuarius)에 대하여 외부기생성 천적인 개미침벌(Sclerodermus harmandi) 한배새끼(clutch) 간의 발육 및 산란 특성을 비교해 보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다.
기주인 북방수염하늘소 유충이 들어있는 시험관에 개미침벌을 접종하여 1차 한배새끼를 산란토록 한 후 번데기까지 발육하였을 때, 생존 개미침벌 성충을 다른 북방수염하늘소 유충에 재차 접종하여 2차 한배새끼를 산란토록 하였다. 이를 통해 1, 2차 한배새끼 간의 알 수, 발육일수, 우화율, 성비 등을 조사하였다.
개미침벌의 생육단계별 발육일수는 1차 한배새끼의 경우, 알 4.0일, 유충 6.9일, 번데기 암수 각각 15.1일, 14.0일로 총 발육일수는 26.0일과 24.9일인 것으로 나타났다. 2차 한배새끼의 총 발육일수는 암수 각각 27.1일, 25.8일로 1차 한배새끼와 비교할 때 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 1차 한배새끼의 산란전기간은 4.6일로 2차 한배새끼의 6.0일 보다 짧았고, 산란성공률은 1차 한배새끼에서 95.0%로 2차 한배새끼의 71.1%보다 높았다. 2차 한배새끼의 우화율은 94.8%로 1차 한배새끼에서보다 높게 나타났고, 마리당 산란수는 각각 47.4개, 44.1개로 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 1차와 2차 한배새끼의 성비는 각각 0.85, 0.73으로 1차 한배새끼의 암컷 비율이 높았다.
이상의 결과로 개미침벌이 다수의 북방수염하늘소를 무력화시키고 산란 및 발육을 통한 개체수의 증가 가능성을 보여주어 생물적 방제제로 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.
본 연구에서는 벼를 흡즙하는 벼멸구 (Nilaparvata lugens, 매미목)의 섭식행동을 EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph) 기법과 감로분비 여부, 식물조직 절편 관찰을 통해 분석하였다. EPG 파형은 모양과 주파수에 따라 np, P, path, X, S, sPh, Ph 파형으로 구분하였는데, Ph파형에서 감로가 주기적으로 분비되는 것이 관찰되었다. 여과지에 받은 감로는 닌히드린 시약에 발색반응을 보여 Ph파형이 벼멸구가 벼 체관부를 흡즙하는 것을 나타낸다고 추정되었다. 벼 조직 내 벼멸구 구침의 도달경로를 알기 위하여, EPG 파형을 보면서 상기 파형들이 나타날 때 벼멸구 구침을 레이저빔으로 절단하였다. 벼멸구 구침을 포함하고 있는 벼 조직을 TEM 시료로 제작한 후 염색하여 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, X파형에서는 구침이 물관부 근처에, S와 sPh 파형에서는 체관부 근처에, Ph파형에서는 체관부에 도달되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 X파형은 벼 물관부 및 그 근처에 벼멸구가 구침을 찔러넣었을 때, Ph파형은 체관부를 흡즙할 때 나타나는 파형으로 분류되었다. 한편, S와 sPh파형은 항상 Ph파형 앞에 나타나는 파형으로 벼멸구가 체관부를 섭식하기 위한 필수적인 단계이며 세포벽 파괴 및 침 분비와 관련이 있는 것으로 추정되었다.
This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal occurrence of chestnut weevil, Curculio sikkimensis. The chestnuts infected by the weevils were collected from Gongju, Buyeo, and Cheongyang in Chungnam Province, Republic of Korea. Investigation was focus on the escape period of chestnut weevil larvae from the fruits, invading time and vertical distribution in soil, survival rates of larvae during overwintering, emergence period, emergence rate, and sex ratio and longevity of adults. For precocious species, larvae escaped the chestnut from the mid-September to the early-October, middle species and slow species, were escaped from the late-September to the mid-October and from the early-October to the mid-November. After escaping from the chestnut fruits all of the larvae burrowed into the soil within 35 minutes. Overwintering larvae inhabited in the range of 0~48 ㎝ from the soil surface and highly distributed in the range of 18~36 ㎝. The 74.1% of wintering chamber were distributed within 18~36 ㎝ from the surface. Survival rates observed were 38.0% in 1st year, 16.0% in 2nd years, and 2% in 3rd years, respectively. Seasonal occurrence period of C. sikkimensis was from the early-Aug. to early-Oct. and the optimal occurrence period was the early and mid-Sept. Emergence rate decreased to 8.4% in 1st year, 3.6% in 2nd years, and 0.8% in 3rd years, respectively. Sex ratio was showed in the range of 0.51-0.55. It is female biased ratio. Longevity of adults was 9.9 days for female and 8.9 days for male.
The feeding behaviors of 2 biotypes (type B and Q) of tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, were monitored using EPG technique on tomato and pepper plants treated 3 insecticides for controlling whiteflies, for examples, acetamiprid, spinosad and thiamethoxam. After treatment of three insecticides with recommended concentrations to tomato and pepper plants, EPG waveforms were recorded during 6 hours. The characteristic patterns of feeding behaviors investigated were as follows, time consumed by withdrawal of proboscis, total non-penetration time, total stylet pathway pattern time and total phloem feeding time. There was somewhat difference among 3 insecticides tested. As a result of investigation of total duration showed the stylet pathway activity due to the reaction against all tested insecticides, the Q biotype showed fewer time than those from the B biotype. The B biotype showed more frequent stylet pathway activity patterns during whole recording time and a shorter phloem ingestion time than those from the Q biotype. In result of prior np (non-penetration) time representing the reaction against the insecticide treated, the time of B biotype was more faster than that of the Q biotype, so it was considered that the B biotype was more sensitive to the tested insecticides. Therefore, our results revealed a clear difference in feeding behaviour between the Band Q biotypes of B. tabaci. Also, it was investigated that B biotype was susceptible to the 3 insecticides.
As the results achieved by the evaluation of toxicities on an aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani by 79 pesticides registered as horticultural pesticide and 4 adjuvants for pest control, 6 insecticides including a-cypermethrin, 13 fungicides including metalaxyl-M+mancozeb and 4 acaricides including bifenazate showed low toxicity against A. colemani adult. Low toxicity was showed in all the 4 adjuvants as well. In residual toxicity test from 40 pesticides which showed toxicity more than 50%, A. colemani was safe from 11 pesticides from the 3th day after treatment, 7 pesticides from the 5th day after treatment and 14 pesticides from the 7th day after treatment, respectively. But, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diflubenzuron+chlorpyrifos, etofenprox+diazinone and imidachloprid+chlorpyrifos showed high toxicities reaching 100%, 97.7%, 100% and 100% respectively, even from the 7th day after treatment. To evaluate the control effect by A. colemani against Myzus persicae in a greenhouse, A. colemani was released at parasitoid versus aphids rates of 1:50 and 1:100 when the population of M. persicae was 50 per plant. After release, aphids population remained steady for 20 days after release at the level of around 60 aphids per plant During the investigation, insecticides for thrips control and fungicides for powdery mildew control were treated, but didn"t affect the mummy forming of A. colemani. It may be suggested from these results that the selected insecticides, fungicides, acaricides and adjuvent could be incorporated into the integrated M. persicae management system with A. colemani on greenhouse cultivation.
Fumigant toxicity of four plant essential oils (muguet flower, patchouli, pennyroyal, spearmint) were tested against the adults of westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Among them, pennyroyal and spearmint oils showed 100% mortality at 1 ㎕/45 ㎖ air dose. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC-MS, we confirmed that main constituents of pennyroyal oil were pulegone(100.0%), and spearmint oil were β-myrcene(3.5%), limonene(12.1%), carvone(85.4%). Among them, carvone and pulegone showed 100% fumigation at 1 ㎕/45 ㎖ air dose, respectively. It can concluded that two oils aloe potential control agents against F. occidentalis.
충북지역을 중심으로 이슬애매미충과 이마점애매미충의 발생생태 및 기주식물을 조사한 결과, 이들은 5월 초순부터 포도원에 들어와서 포도 잎을 가해하기 시작하며, 대체로 6월 하순과 8월 중순 경에 높은 밀도를 보였다. 이후 이슬애매미충은 10월 초순부터 월동하기 적당한 수피를 찾아서 인근 숲으로 이동하였고, 이마점애매미충은 9월 하순부터 포도원 주변의 잡초로 이동하였다. 충청북도 5개군의 발생조사에서, 두 종 모두 옥천지역에서 많이 발생하였다. 발육기간은 이마점애매미충이 이슬애매미충보다 짧았다.