A total of sixteen Xylotrechus species from the Korean peninsula are recognized, including a newly recorded species, Xylotrechus pavlovskii Plavilstshikov, 1954. We present brief descriptions of the Korean Xylotrechus species, except four species which could not be examined in this study. The geographic distribution, host plants, illustrations for each species, and a key to the Korean Xylotrechus species are provided.
The family Ciidae is presented for the first time from Korea. Two unrecorded species, Octotemnus laminifrons (Motschulsky) and Octotemnus japonicus Miyatake are reported. Morphological photographs of adults, description, illustrations of diagnostic characteristics, and host fungi are provided.
A total of four Perigrapha species were found in Northeast China. Among them, Perigrapha extincta Kononenko, 1989 is reported for the first time in China. The species is briefly redescribed with adult and male genitalia pictures, key, and geographic distributions
Rotylenchus arsenjevi are reported for the first time in Korea. The Korean species differs slightly by having a hemispherical lip region and a slightly shorter tail than the original description (c=38.2-68.7 vs 36-41). Male was founded firstly from Korea and described. Geocenamus adakensis were collected a second time from Korea at a different locality and habitat. The measurements were compared with original description and the firstly collected specimen in Korea.
In this study, 5 species (Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, Endoclyta excrescens (Butler), leaf roller caterpillar (Adoxophyes orana Fisher), Anomis mesogona (Walker), and Aulacaspis rosae (Bouche)) were found in Rubus coreanus Miquel in Jeonbuk province, from 2006 to 2008. T. kanzawai appeared in mid-May and showed three peaks in late June, mid-July, and late August. Its density was over 10 adults per leaf. A. mesogona appeared in mid-June and showed two peaks in late July, and early October. Of the 28 insect pests in pre-harvesting, the 7 main species were T. kanzawai, T. urticae, A. orana, Lygocoris lucorum Meyer, Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Psylliodespunctifrons Baly and Motschulskyia serrata (Matsumura). Of the 19 insect pests in after-harvesting, the 6 main species were T. kanzawai, E. excrescens, A. mesogona, A. orana, P. punctifrons and A. rosae. Growth of R. coreanus decreased when insect pests were not managed and yields decreased approx. 7% a year. Management of insect pests in field using pesticide was not different.
Moths were collected using a 22W UV black light trap in June through September in 2005 and May, June, August and September in 2006. The study sites were Namsan (Mt. Nam), Jirisan (Mt. Jiri), Woraksan (Mt. Worak) which are part of the Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER). There were two common forest communities, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora. The purpose of this study was to compare species diversity of the major plant feeding Lepidoptera in the two forest types at the regional KNLTER sites. We collected a total of 435 species from the KLTER sites in 2005 and 2006. Abundance of moths was highest at Woraksan (Mt. Worak) followed by Jirisan (Mt. Jiri). The Namsan (Mt. Nam) site had the lowest, with five families (Arctiidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, and Pyralidae). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences at sampling date in species abundance as a response variable and at site in species richness as another response variable. Although we expected a distinct cluster with the forest type at each study site, one of ordination analyses, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS), showed distinct clusters with the moth assemblages at each site only but NMS did not show any distinct cluster with the different forest types at each site as we expected.
The bean bug, Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Hemiptera: Alydidae), is a pest of soybeans and tree fruits. It enters reproductive diapause during winter. We studied the effect of different combinations of temperature, day length, and treatment period on the termination of diapause in R. clavatus using adult females collected in October and November 2006. Ovarian development was used to determine diapause termination. The treatments were: ① HTLD, 25℃, 14L:10D treatment for 1, 2, 3 weeks and 30 days, ② HTSD, 25℃, 10L:14D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks, ③ LTLD, 8℃, 14L:10D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks followed by HTLD for 3 weeks, and ④ LTSD, 8℃, 10L:14D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks followed by HTLD for 3 weeks. The HTSD treatments did not affect ovarian development, and resulted in no significant difference in the number of mature eggs in ovaries or the percentage of diapause-terminated females compared to the control females before treatment. The percentage of females that terminated diapause was significantly higher in the HTLD treatment than in the HTSD treatment. The HTLD treatment for more than 14 days increased the percentage of diapause-terminated females, accelerated the development of the ovaries, and increased the number of mature eggs in ovaries. Compared with the HTLD or HTSD treatments, the LTLD or LTSD treatments followed by the HTLD treatment accelerated ovarian development and increased the number of ovipositing females. The pre-LTSD treatment for 1 week was enough to increase the number of eggs oviposited.
Attractiveness of different amounts of methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the aggregation pheromone of brown-winged stink bug, Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was tested using different kinds of dispensers. A lure filled with hexane was used as a control treatment. There were no differences in the attractiveness of the pheromone to P. stali and Halyomorpha halys among dispensers (polyethylene-vial, rubber septum, and polyethylene tube). Traps baited with 7, 20, 40, 50, and 60 ㎎ of pheromone were tested for their attractiveness. For females, the 40 ㎎ trap attracted highest number of P. stali, even though there were no significant differences among pheromone amounts. For males, the 40 and 50 ㎎ traps attracted significantly more bugs than the 7, 20, and 60 ㎎ traps and the control traps. Based on these results, the pheromone dispenser impregnated with 40 ㎎ of pheromone will be practical in monitoring P. stali in the field.
Four major agricultural insect pests, Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella and Tetranychus urticae, were irradiated with 30, 50, 70, or 100 Gy electron-beam. Longevity, egg hatching, emergence, and fecundity of the test insects were measured. Hatchability of B. tabaci, P. xylostella and T. urticae declined with increasing irradiation doses, and all B. tabaci and T. urticae eggs were dead at 100 Gy. When eggs of B. tabaci, P. xylostella and T. urticae were irradiated, hatch was inhibited. B. tabaci adults grown from 70 Gy irradiated eggs did not lay eggs. Fecundity of P. xylostella from the 100 Gy irradiated eggs decreased. When B. tabaci, P. xylostella, M. persicae and T. urticae nymphs/larvae were irradiated, the results were similar as those of the hatched eggs. When P. xylostella pupae were irradiated with 100 Gy, fecundity of emerged adults decreased and no eggs hatched. When B. tabaci, P. xylostella, M. persicae and T. urticae adults were irradiated with 70 and 100 Gy, fecundity decreased and egg hatch of B. tabaci was inhibited. However, the longevity of adults did not change and electron-beam irradiation of all developmental stages had no effect on the longevity of adults.
This study investigated the efficiency of mating disrupters for the control of Grapholita molesta(Busck) and Adoxophyes orana in pear orchards. G. molesta was shown 4 peak occurrence, which were different according to treatments. In conventional control, many moths were captured in mid and late April and peaks occurred in mid June, August, and early-mid September. In the non-control treatment, there were low populations in April. A. orana also appeared to 4 peak in 2007. Moths were rarely captured in mating disrupter treatment but many were captured in both the non-control and in conventional treatment. A. orana damage differed significantly between mating disrupter use and conventional control in 2006. Especially, the difference was significant between conventional control and mating disrupter to leaf damage in August, and there were similar results in the damage by G. molesta in the shoots and fruits.
Differences in the number of Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) trapped in different trap types, colors and positions on the trunk were evaluated to develop a monitoring trap for Platypus koryoensis, a known vector of Korean oak wilt disease. The experiments were conducted in an oak forest located in Gwangtan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea using two types of trap: sticky trap and multi-funnel trap. Trapping efficiency of the two trap types was not significantly different. Trapping efficiency of the sticky trap was not affected by four trap colors: yellow, black, white and transparent. The number of beetle caught was higher in the traps facing the upper slope than the lower slope regardress of trap type. Our results showed that both traps type are useful for monitoring Platypus koryoensis.
Among 18 Bacillus thuringiensis isolates with spherical parasporal inclusion from soils, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis CAB199 was selected. It was showing over 90% mortality against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens moletus. It was confirmed that this B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis CAB199 isolate also had a insecticidal activity against Culex inatomii that was occurred in the marsh. Because most of mosquito larva were primarily situated or shifted from under- to surface water, we need to select long floating formulations on surface water for controlling mosquito larva. It was tested the pesticidal and control effects in the laboratory and wetland with two formulation types of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, for example, wettable power (WP) and suspension concentrate type (SC). Laboratory test showed that SC formulation type was relatively faster and more effective against 3 tested mosquito species, C. pipiens, Aedes aegypti, and C. inatomii. Otherwise, the control efficacy of SC formulation type was more rapidly appeared against C. inatomii in the wetland.
Diprion hani Smith and Cho was first reported as a new species from South Korea in 2007. Major outbreaks occurred in September 2007. Outbreaks were restricted geographically to only three inland areas of central Korea where had previously been reforested with Korean white pine, Pinus koraiensis Seib. & Zucc. The outbreak areas were approximately 50 km in diameter. The sawfly populations decreased drastically in 2008. Environmental factors of the outbreak sites were investigated as a first step to characterize the sites and to understand the population dynamics of the sawfly. During the outbreak in 2007, the average temperature of the sites were 1.3℃ higher than the 30 years average, and the annual precipitation was 384 mm higher than the average from 1971 to 2000. In addition, Monodontomerus dentipes (Dalman), a well-known torymid parasitoid of many sawflies, is reported as a gregarious cocoon parasitoid of D. hani.
Thirteen species of mealybugs were intercepted in quarantine at Korean ports of entry on plant materials from China over the past 9 years (2000-2009). Of these, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green has been newly reported in China through this study. This list and key are provided to assist in identifying intercepted specimens of mealybugs from China.
The species, Pycnomerus vilis Sharp, 1885 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Zopherinae) is identified for the first time in Korea. Brief informations on the species are provided with the photos of adults and genitalia.