Purpose of this study is to propose a specific model by utilizing existing research. In addition, to make the model suitable form to apply to companies through benchmarking and continuous improvement. Through this study, the actual production Cap a D companies doubled in a short time. Improve the internal management capabilities through management innovation is the industry's highest level of performance is maintained. SCM operations substantially, which consists of a performance management through research model for SCM build on the success factors that are described in terms of this research has been in progress, most of the existing research to develop a specific and explicit models presented can be said. Similar ferroalloy industry standard applicable to the entire model, which means This approach also suggests that other types of industrial significance.

국립수목원 조성예정지인 경북 봉화군 서벽리 및 충남 세종시 일대의 곤충상을 조사하고 이들에 대한 증거표본을 확보하여 향후 이 지역에서의 곤충상변화 연구 를 위한 기초자료를 확보하고, 산림곤충자원의 확보차원에 수행되었다. 특히 금번 조사 지역은 생물다양성 연구 및 보전측면에서 매우 중요한 지역이며 향후 기후변 화와 관련한 취약종의 조사 및 분포역의 변화 등과 같은 관련연구를 위해 기초자료 가 절실히 요구되는 지역이라 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 5∼8월간 조사를 실시하였고 이에 따른 곤 충표본을 수집하여 표본을 제작하고 분류동정하였다. 조사를 통해 총 491종 4,239 점의 표본을 확보하였다. 조사를 통해 확인된 딱정벌레목의 주요 우점종은 버들잎 벌레(Chrysomela vigintipunctata), 아우점종은 홀쪽잎벌레(Psylliodes attenuatus) 로 나타났다. 이외에 고유종 2종, 국외반출승인대상종 10종과 외래 동물종 3종이 각각 채집되었다. 또한 나비목의 주요 우점종은 검은점뾰족명나방(Endotricha loivaceali)이 222개체로 가장 많은 개체수가 채집되었고, 넓은띠담흑수염나방 (Hydrillodes morosa)이 97개체, 줄보라집명나방(Craneophora ficki)이 86개체가 채집되어 아우점종으로 나타났다. 이외에 한국미기록종인 Ypsolopha amoenellus 가 처음으로 채집되는 성과를 얻었다.

옥수수에 가장 큰 피해를 입히는 해충인 조명나방(Ostrinia furnacalis)의 대량 사 육법이 정착된 이래, 약 10여 년간에 걸쳐 국내 옥수수 육종가들에 의해 육성되는 계통들에 대해 조명나방 저항성 검정이 이뤄졌다. 이에 조명나방 저항성 검정법의 표준화를 위해 그동안의 방법과 결과를 정리하였다. 조명나방은 25℃, 15:9(명:암) 시간, 60% 상대습도 환경조건에서 사육되었는데, 유충은 반합성 인공사료를 먹이 로 하여 집단으로 사육되었다. 옥수수에의 접종은 유산지에 산란시킨 알에서 갓부 화한 유충을 corncob(옥수수 속대) 가루에 섞어 바주카(bazooka) 방법을 이용하여 옥수수 6~8엽기에 말린 잎 중앙에 접종하였다. 포장에서는 식물체당 약 200마리, 온실에서는 약 160마리가 접종되었고, 이후 옥수수 줄기가 형성되고 잎이 전개된 후에 잎의 피해 정도가 육안으로 판정되었다. 판정기준은 잎의 피해 정도에 따라 1 부터 9 사이에, 숫자가 클수록 피해가 심한 것으로 정의하여, 고도저항성, 저항성, 중간저항성, 감수성으로 최종 판단하였다. 2000년부터 2012년까지 전체 243계통 이 계통에 따라 1~10년 동안 검정되었는데, 계통별로 10개 내외의 개체수가 검정 되었다. 검정은 야외 포장에서 조명나방 유충을 접종한 구와 접종하지 않은 구, 온 실에서 유충을 접종한 구의 3가지 종류가 수행되었다. 검정 햇수가 5년 이상이 된 대조품종들을 대상으로 검정구별로 검정값의 변이계수를 비교하였을 때 포장 미 접종구, 포장 접종구, 온실 접종구의 순서로 변이계수 값이 작아져, 온실에서 접종 하여 검정하는 것이 계통 내 개체 간 검정 결과 차이가 가장 적었는데, 온실에서 피 해 정도가 가장 컸다. 최종 판정값은 포장과 온실에서 접종된 것의 평균값으로 하였 는데, 사일리지용 옥수수 계통 중 2계통이 각각 1번씩 고도저항성으로 판정 받았 다. 본 온실 검정법을 이용하여 Bt독소 유전자가 함유된 형질전환 옥수수 계통을 검정하였을 때 피해 정도 값은 약 2의 고도저항성 값으로 나타났다.

ZnO thin films co-doped with Mg and Ga (MxGyZzO, x+y+z=1, x=0.05, y=0.02 and z=0.93) were preparedon glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with different sputtering powers ranging from 100W to 200W at a substratetemperature of 350oC. The effects of the sputtering power on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical propertiesof MGZO thin films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all the MGZO thin films were grown asa hexagonal wurtzite phase with the preferred orientation on the c-axis without secondary phases such as MgO, Ga2O3, orZnGa2O4. The intensity of the diffraction peak from the (0002) plane of the MGZO thin films was enhanced as the sputteringpower increased. The (0002) peak positions of the MGZO thin films was shifted toward, a high diffraction angle as thesputtering power increased. Cross-sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the MGZO thin filmsshowed that all of these films had a columnar structure and their thickness increased with an increase in the sputtering power.MGZO thin film deposited at the sputtering power of 200W showed the best electrical characteristics in terms of the carrierconcentration (4.71×1020cm−3), charge carrier mobility (10.2cm2V−1s−1) and a minimum resistivity (1.3×10−3Ωcm). A UV-visible spectroscopy assessment showed that the MGZO thin films had high transmittance of more than 80% in the visibleregion and that the absorption edges of MGZO thin films were very sharp and shifted toward the higher wavelength side, from270nm to 340nm, with an increase in the sputtering power. The band-gap energy of MGZO thin films was widened from3.74eV to 3.92eV with the change in the sputtering power.

Recently, since the development of internet and online space, people experience new communication space and games different from traditional ones. People share their experiment of games and item in the online space with internet. This paper proposes the design of the MMORPG item’s pricing decision system. First, the on-going “chatting” in the game chatting system is collected by chatting API. This collected chatting is the information including terms of game item. Then, extracted terms of game item are classified on the basis of collective intelligence model and generate a table of weight. At last, this system can recommend suitable MMORPG item to users with the obtained weight table storing as ontology.

본 연구에서는 PEN 수지 안전관리를 위하여 HPLC-UV검출기를 이용한 2,6-NDC 및 2,6-NDA 분석법을 확립하였다. 분석법 검증 결과, 2,6-NDC 및 2,6-NDA 모두 0.002μg/mL 검출한계, 0.005 μg/mL 정량한계 및 0.05~1 μg/mL의 농도 범위에서 r2= 0.999 이상의 직선성을 확인할 수있었다. 또한 회수율도 90~110%임을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze fish fauna and species compositions along with trophic guilds, tolerance indicators, and fish community conditions before weir construction (BWC) and after weir construction (AWC) in the Yeongsan River watershed. Total 45 and 44 fish species were sampled in BWC and AWC, respectively without any distinct differences through weir constructions. Fish fauna analysis revealed that the dominant species was the same, Zacco platypus with 24.3% and 20.8% in BWC and AWC, respectively. However, the subdominant species were Carassius auratus with 8.9% in BWC but Opsarichthys uncirostris amurensis with 20.3%, almost identical that of the dominant species AWC. This phenomenon showed the distinct modification of species composition in the watershed. We sampled the 1st class endangered species, Liobagrus obesus in tributary stream as previously reported. Also Culter brevicauda was sampled in the mainstream of Yeongsan River watershed and this was the first sampled record in this watershed. One of the most important features were an increase of exotic species, such as Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, with 3.2% BWC vs. 10.2% AWC as well as the increase in tolerant species with 49.2% BWC vs. 73.7% AWC, indicating ecological degradation through weir construction. Overall, our results indicated that fish fauna and composition analyses showed distinct ecological degradations related to increases of exotic and tolerant species AWC. Further long-term studies of fish monitoring should be conducted in the future to configure existent status of river conditions and to provide key information in order to conserve the healthy ecosystem.

The Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell is a candidate next generation thin film solar cell. For the application of an absorption layer in solar cells, CZTS thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at substrate temperature of 300˚C without post annealing process. Deposition time was carefully adjusted as the main experimental variable. Regardless of deposition time, single phase CZTS thin films are obtained with no existence of secondary phases. Irregularly-shaped grains are densely formed on the surface of CZTS thin films. With increasing deposition time, the grain size increases and the thickness of the CZTS thin films increases from 0.16 to 1μm. The variation of the surface morphology and thickness of the CZTS thin films depends on the deposition time. The stoichiometry of all CZTS thin films shows a Cu-rich and S-poor state. Sn content gradually increases as deposition time increases. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was carried out to evaluate the elemental depth distribution in CZTS thin films. The optimal deposition time to grow CZTS thin films is 150 min. In this study, we show the effect of deposition time on the structural properties of CZTS thin film deposited on soda lime glass (SLG) substrate using PLD. We present a comprehensive evaluation of CZTS thin films.

For the purpose of improving the durability problem, translucent opal glass was fabricated as a substitute for the polycarbonate diffuser of LED lighting. Calcium phosphate was used as an opacifier of opal glass and melted in an electric furnace. The opaque effect was identified according to the change of the cooling procedure. As results, translucent opal glass was obtained by the melting of a batch with a composition of 3.8% calcium phosphate at 1550˚C for 2 hrs and then the cooling of the material in the furnace. For the cooling condition of the glass sample, HTCG (High Temperature Cooled Glass) was found to have better optical properties than LTAG (Low Temperature Annealed Glass). It had excellent optical properties for a diffuser of LED lighting, with no dazzling from direct light due to its high haze value of over 99% and low parallel transmittance value of under 1%. For the thermal properties, it had an expressed thermal expansion coefficient of 5.7×10-6/˚C and a softening point of 876˚C; it also had good thermal properties such as good thermal shock resistance and was easy to apply to the general manufacturing process in the forming of glass tubes and bulbs. Therefore, it is concluded that this translucent opal glass can be used as a glass diffuser material for LED lighting with high heat resistance and high durability; this material is suitable as a substitute for polycarbonate diffusers.

국내외 교량의 내진성능 평가관련 연구들을 조사, 분석한 결과 국내에서 휨 거동 교각의 내진성능에 대한 연구는 상당히 이루어졌으나, 국내에 상당수 분포하는 것으로 분석된 휨-전단 교각에 대해서는 연구실적이 부족한 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 휨-전단 복합거동이 예측되는 형상비 2.67과 전단거동이 예측되는 형상비 2.25의 실물크기 실험체 및 형상비 2.67의 축소모형 실험체를 제작하여 준정적 내진성능 실험을 실시하였으 며, 주철근의 겹침이음과, 형상비 변화에 따른 파괴거동을 조사 및 분석하였다. 실험결과 휨-전단거동이 예상되는 형상비 부근의 교각은 형상비와 철근상세 변화에 따라 파괴거동 특성이 휨-전단 파괴에서 전단 파괴 또는휨 파괴, 그리고 주철근 부착파괴로 변하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 실험결과들로부터 비내진 원형 철근콘크리트 교각에 대한항복변위 및 극한변위 산정식을 제안하여 실험을 실시하지 않고도 실제 비내진 교각의 내진성능을 파악할 수 있도록 하였으며, 이는 추후비내진으로 분류되는 실제 교량의 내진성능 조사 및 보수보강에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

웹 기반의 온라인 교육은 강의실에서 수업하는 면대면 강의의 부족한 점을 보완하는 가장 효과적인 방법 중의 하나이다. 웹을 이용한 학습은 자기주도적인 학습이 가능하고 학습자와 교수자 간의 상호 보완적인 학습이 이루어질 수 있다는 장점이 있기 때문이다. 이러한 온라인 교육을 효과적으로 지원하기 위해서는 학습관리 또는 콘텐츠관리 기능을 제공해주는 학습관리시스템이 필요하다. 학습자들에게 양질의 온라인 콘텐츠를 제공하고자 하는 교사들을 위해 개발된 학습관리시스템 중 하나가 Moodle LMS이다. Moodle LMS는 소스가 공개되어 있어 누구나 필요한 사람은 소스를 개선, 확장, 활용할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문은 Moodle LMS를 활용하여 교수자가 교양 사이버강좌를 쉽게 개설하고 관리․운영할 수 있는 학습관리시스템을 확장하여 활용하는데 목적이 있으며 이를 확장하면 온라인 게임도 관리․운영할 수 있다.

Multinucleated giant cells appear in a variety forms in different types of oral lesion. However, their nature is still not well understood. Thus, to address this issue, the immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory giant cells (Langhans’ giant cells in lesions of tuberculosis and foreign body giant cells in odontogenic keratocysts and squamous cell carcinomas) and tumor giant cells in central giant cell granulomas were compared with those of osteoclasts, the normal giant cell, using a panel of macrophage and osteoclast marker antibodies, such as calcitonin receptor (CT-R), c-Src, Cathepsin K (Cath-K), CD14, RANK, and c-fms. The foreign body giant cells around cholesterol clefts in inflamed odontogenic keratocysts revealed more macrophage-like characteristics than the foreign body giant cells resorbing keratin pearls in squamous cell carcinomas. As such, both cases of foreign body giant cell exhibited immunoreactivity for the macrophage markers, such as CD14, RANK, and c-fms, yet only the latter case exhibited immunoreactivity for the osteoclast markers, such as CT-R and c-Src. Moreover, both cases of foreign body giant cells were positive for TRAP activity, yet negative for Cathepsin K activity. In contrast, the other inflammatory giant cells, Langhans’ giant cells, exhibited immunoreactivity for both the macrophage and osteoclast markers, yet were negative for TRAP activity. Meanwhile, the giant cells in the central giant cell granulomas reacted positively to both the macrophage and osteoclast markers, and were also positive for TRAP activity. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the immunoprofiles of giant cells in oral lesions vary according to the nature of the lesion, despite shared osteoclast and macrophage characteristics. Furthermore, the giant cells in tumorous lesions closely associated with bony destruction revealed more osteoclastic characteristics and their enzyme components were different according to the nature of the lesion