파프리카 수경재배의 배액량을 감소시키기 위한 양액공급 방법이 파프리카 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토코자 Rockwool과 Cocopeat 배지를 사용하여 누적광량 당 주당 1회 양액공급량을 100-100(100J·cm-2-100mL irrigation per plant, 30% drainage), 50-45, 50-40, 50-35로 조절하여 공급하였다. 주당 일일 배액량과 배액율은 Rockwool 배지에서는 100-100 처리가 241.0mL 26.3%, 50-45 처리가 65.5mL 8.8%, 50-40 처리가 39.2mL 6.0%, 그리고 50-35 처리가 26.2mL 4.4%였고, Cocopeat 배지에서는 100-100 처리가 187.1mL 23.1%, 50-45 처리가 55.9mL 7.5%, 50-40 처리가 32.6mL 5.0%, 그리고 50-35 처리가 20.2mL 3.4%였다. 처리별 함수율은 100-100 처리와 50-45 처리가 Rockwool에서 55~65%, 그리고 Cocopeat는 60~70% 정도로 생육에 적당한 수준의 함수율을 유지하였지만, 50-40과 50-35 처리에서는 양액공급량이 줄어들수록 대부분 적정 수준 이하로 낮아졌고, Cocopeat보다는 Rockwool 배지에서 변화의 폭이 컸다. 슬래브 EC는 100-100 처리와 50-45 처리가 3.0~5.0dS·m-1의 파프리카 생육 적정 범위에서 비슷하게 유지되었다. 50-40 처리는 4.5~6.5dS·m-1, 50-35 처리는 6.5~9.5dS·m-1로 파프리카 적정 생육 EC 범위보다 높은 수준을 유지하였으며 배지간에는 Rockwool이 Cocopeat 배지보다 높았다. 초장과 분지수는 100-100 처리와 50-45 처리가 초장이 길고 분지수가 증가하였으며, 공급량이 감소할수록 초장이 짧고 분지수가 감소하였다. 잎 크기는 100-100 처리와 50-45 처리가 컸고, 양액공급량이 감소할수록 작았다. 과실크기와 평균과중은 100-100 처리와 50-45 처리가 가장 크고 무거웠으며, 양액공급량이 줄어들수록 감소하였다. 상품율과 상품과수는 100-100과 50-45 처리에서 높고 많았으며, 50-35처리가 가장 낮고 적었다. 비상품과수는 양액공급량이 적었던 50-35 처리에서 소과와 배꼽썩음과의 발생이 많았고, 100-100과 50-45 처리는 비슷한 수준이었다. 수량은 100-100, 50-45 처리에서 높았고, 양액공급량이 줄어들수록 감소하였다.

The inhibitory activities of a water extract of Sanghwang mushroom(Phellinus linteusau)(SWE) against α-glucosidases were evaluated in this study. Inhibiting these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharides significantly decreases the postprandial increase in blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl scavenging activities of the SWE were evaluated to investigate the antioxidant activity of the SWE associated with complications of long-term diabetes. Furthermore, the postprandial blood glucose lowering effect of SWE was compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug(Acarbose®) in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. SWE significantly reduced the blood glucose increase after sucrose loading. These results suggest that SWE, which has high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and high antioxidant activities, has the potential to contribute to a useful dietary strategy for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

In this study, a method was developed using molecular biological technique to distinguish an authenticity of meats for processed meat products. The genes for distinction of species about meats targeted at 12S or 16S genes in mitochondrial DNA and the species-specific primers were designed by that PCR products' size was around 200bp for applying to processed products. The target materials were 10 species of livestock products and it checked whether expected PCR products were created or not by electrophoresis after PCR using species-specific primers. The results of PCR for beef, pork, goat meat, mutton, venison, and horse meat were 131, 138, 168, 144, 191, and 142 bp each. The expected PCR products were confirmed at 281, 186, 174, and 238 bp for chicken, duck, turkeymeat, and ostrich. Also, non-specific PCR products were not detected in similar species by species-specific primers. The method using primers developed in this study confirm to be applicable for composite seasoning including beefs and processed meat products including pork and chicken. Therefore, this method may apply to distinguish an authenticity of meats for various processed products.

The removal amount of pesticide residue which were remained in baechu (Chinese cabbage) and perilla leaf were measured during the preparation process of kimchi. The amounts of diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan applied to chinese cabbage were 9.18 ± 0.03 mg/kg, 22.27 ± 0.22 mg/kg and 10.46 ± 0.02 mg/kg respectively. When chinese cabbage was brined with 10% salt solution for 12 hours, the removal rates of three pesticides were 22.5%, 25.3% and 0.6% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When chinese cabbage was brined and rinsed 3 times with water, the removal rates of three pesticides were 69.9%, 85.6% and 11.2% for diazinon,procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When kimchi was prepared and fermented for 28 days at 4oC, the removal rates of three pesticides were 79.4%, 94.4% and 21.0% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. The relative percentages of removal dose of pesticides during brining were 28.4%, 26.9% and 3.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively and which were 59.7%, 63.8% and 50.4% during rinsing and which were 11.9%,9.3% and 46.4% during fermentation, respectively. The amounts of diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan applied to perilla leaf were 18.11 ± 0.62 mg/kg, 31.80 ± 0.33 mg/kg and 12.01 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. When perilla leaf was rinsed 3 times with water, the removal rates of three pesticides were 60.5%, 52.0% and 23.7% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When perilla leaf was rinsed and brined with 10% salt solution for 14 days, the removal rates of three pesticides were 93.9%, 92.4% and 49.6% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. The relative percentages of removal dose of pesticides during rinsing were 64.5%, 56.3% and 47.8% for diazinon,procymidone and endosulfan, respectively, and which during brining were 35.5%, 43.7% and 52.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively.

LED 보광이 파프리카의 착과와 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 파프리카 생육기간동안 일몰 후부터 5시간 동안 red(660nm), blue(460nm) red + blue(4 : 1)광을 작물의 50cm 상단에서 조사하였다. 광원별 광합성유효광량자속(PPF)은 red광 79μmol·m-2·s-1, blue광 75μmol·m-2·s-1, red + blue광 102μmol·m-2·s-1였다. 파프리카 엽온은 LED 보광한 것이 무보광에 비하여 높았는데 blue광에서 가장 높았다. 한편 과실 온도는 무보광한 것이 가장 높았으며 엽온보다는 낮은 경향이었다. 파프리카 초장은 무보광에서 가장 길었고 blue LED에서 가장 짧았다. 잎 크기는 무보광에 비해 LED 보광한 것이 컸다. 과실무게는 LED 보광한 것이 무거웠으나 주당 과실 수와 상품과 수량은 무보광에 비해 적었다.

느타리버섯 수확후 배지의 가축사료화가 가능하도록 주재료로 콘코브를 사용하여 적합한 영양원을 선발하고자 하였다. 시험에 사용된 영양원 가운데 질소함량은 채종박(7.6%)>케이폭박(6.4%)>밀기울(2.7%)순이고, 조지방함량은 밀기울(2.7%)>케이폭박(2.4%)>채종박(1.3%)>면실박(0.8%)로 나타났다. 영양원별 혼합배지의 이화학적 특성결과 C/N율은 18~20, 용적밀도 0.27~0.28g/cm3, 공극률 73.1~74.8로 처리간의 차이가 없었으며, 병당 수량은 케이폭박 첨가구(케이폭박 단용, 면실박+케이폭박(1:1) 혼용, 케이폭박+밀기울(1:1) 혼용)가 153~158g으로 대조구(면실박, 150g)와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 그러나 채종유박은 초발이 소요일수도 1일 늦고 수량도 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 케이폭박 처리구의 수확후 배지의 사료적 가치를 분석결과 58.3%로 면실박보다 높은것으로 나타났다.

1980년대 이후 국내 하 폐수 처리시설에 대한 지속적인 투자로 하수도 보급률이 90%에 이를 만큼 비약적으로 확충되었다. 21세기 들어 물 부족에 대비한 대체수자원 확보, 기후변화 등 지구환경문제에 대비한 에너지 절감 및 생산, 하천 호소의 지속적인 수질개선 요구 등 사회적 환경적 영향 요소를 감안할 때 더욱 고도화된 선진 하 폐수 처리기술이 필수적이다. 신개념 처리기술은 수질유해물질 및 독성관리기술 등 초고도 처리기술, 맞춤형 재이용기술, 에너지 절감 회수 활용 기술을 유기적으로 조합 연계하는 기술이다. 이러한 선진 처리기술은 국내 수질환경개선은 물론 개도국을 중심으로 급성장세를 보이는 국제 환경시장에서의 경쟁력 확보의 토대가 될 것이므로 글로벌 탑 수준을 지향하는 하 폐수 고도처리 기술개발 사업에서는 상기 기술 분야를 중점 개발하고자 한다. 본 사업단은 방류수 고품질화. 재이용 기술 분야, 에너지자립 분야, 통합관리 분야로 구분, 향후 1단계 5개년(2011-2015) 사업을 본격 추진할 예정이다.

The objective of this study was to analyze contents of trans fatty acid and cholesterol of bakery products (bread: 17, pastry: 20, and whipping cream cake: 17) sold at retail in Seoul area. The average values of crude fat contents in bakery products were as follows [mean (minimum-maximum), %)]; bread 6.46 (3.51~8.69), pastry 16.23 (3.55~25.56), and whipping cream cake 16.26 (8.61~31.58). Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in these products. The average values of saturated fat (SFA) contents and unsaturated fat acid (USFA) contents in these items were as follows [(mean SFA ± SD%] bread (54.04 ± 5.27), pastry (53.41 ± 4.80), and whipping cream cake (70.09 ± 8.64). The high contents of trans fatty acid was analyzed in whipping cream cake. The average values of cholesterol contents in bakery products were as follows [mean (minimum-maximum), %)]; bread 2.36 (0.0~12.86), pastry 8.11 (0.0~42.80), and whipping cream cake 30.55(0.0~132.99).

Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively.

Most TCOs such as ITO, AZO(Al-doped ZnO), FTO(F-doped SnO2) etc., which have been widely used in LCD,touch panel, solar cell, and organic LEDs etc. as transparent electrode material reveal n-type conductivity. But in order to realizetransparent circuit, transparent p-n junction, and introduction of transparent p-type materials are prerequisite. Additionalprerequisite condition is optical transparency in visible spectral region. Oxide based materials usually have a wide optical band-gap more than ~3.0eV. In this study, single-phase transparent semiconductor of SrCu2O2, which shows p-type conductivity, havebeen synthesized by 2-step solid state reaction at 950oC under N2 atmosphere, and single-phase SrCu2O2 thin films of p-typeTCOs have been deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on alkali-free glass substrate from single-phase target at 500oC, 1%H2/(Ar+H2) atmosphere. 3% H2/(Ar+H2) resulted in formation of second phases. Hall measurements confirmed the p-typenature of the fabricated SrCu2O2 thin films. The electrical conductivity, mobility of carrier and carrier density 5.27×10−2S/cm,2.2cm2/Vs, 1.53×1017/cm3 a room temperature, respectively. Transmittance and optical band-gap of the SrCu2O2 thin filmsrevealed 62% at 550nm and 3.28eV. The electrical and optical properties of the obtained SrCu2O2 thin films deposited by RFmagnetron sputtering were compared with those deposited by PLD and e-beam.

수입과일을 대상으로 captan, chlorpyrifos, methidathion 및 kresoxim-methyl 을 각각 1000, 250, 400 및 157 mgkg−1 농도 로 수확 후 처리 하여 저장 기간에 따른 경시적 변화를 관찰한 결과 captan 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 0.9-12.5 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.23 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었으며, 4주 후에는 과일 전체에서 0.7-3.2 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.67 mgkg−1 으로 조사되었다. chlorpyrifos 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 0.4-2.2 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.32 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었고, 4주 후에는 과일전체에서 0.3-0.9 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.02 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었다. methidathion 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 0.7-3.1 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.05 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었고, 4주 후에는 과일 전체에서 0.4-2.0 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.05 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었다. kresoxim-methyl 은 처리 직후 과일 전체에서 1.3-2.1 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.16 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었고, 4주 후에는 과일 전체에서 1.3-1.8 mgkg−1, 과육에서 ND-0.15 mgkg−1 으로 조사 되었다. 농약처리 4주 후 농도의 감소율은 captan 이 52% 로 가 장 높았으며 다음으로 chlorpyrifos, methidathion 및 kresoximmethyl 이 각각 47, 41 및 11% 순으로 조사 되었다.

This study was designed to examine a 3-week modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to the less-affected arm of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) would improve function of the more-affected arm in PD. The subjects were 6 institutional older adults with PD and clients of the social welfare facilities. The subjects (2 men, 4 women) ranged in age from 66 to 90 years (mean age 77.2 yrs). Three clinical tests were used to determine the improvement of functional activity between before and after modified CIMT. The tests included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). There were significantly differences after the modified CIMT for time performance in WMFT and pinch in ARAT (p<.05), No significant difference was noted after the modified CIMT for UPDRS and functional ability scale in WMFT. Therefore, the modified CIMT might improve time performance and is available to therapeutic program helping them improve functional ability for upper extremity in Parkinson's disease.

This study was designed to examine the effects of temporary immobilization of the ankle and knee joints on standing in healthy young adults with the use of a postural control mechanism. The subjects were twenty-four college students (12 males and 12 females, aged between 20 and 28). A Biodex balance system SD 950-302 and its software were used to measure indirect balance parameters in standing. Each subject underwent postural stability tests in 4-different joint conditions: free joints, ankle immobilization only, knee immobilization only, and ankle and knee immobilization. In addition, the postural stability test was conducted once with the subject's eyes open and once with the eyes closed conditions. For data analysis of the postural stability tests, the overall stability index, antero-posterior stability index, and medio-lateral stability index were recorded. The overall stability index (p=.000) and medial-lateral index (p=.003) were significantly greater different conditions with eyes closed in postural stability. Therefore, the eyes closed condition is expected to be used as an effective postural stability training for treatment planning in patients with unstable postures. In addition, training based on the dynamic multi-segment model can improve postural stability and is available to therapeutic programs, helping people with unstable balance to reduce their risk of falling.

There are two parts(middle and southern) according to dividing line of district in Korea. Middle part contains Kang Won, Chung Chung, Gyeong Gi, Seoul, In Cheon and Dae Jeon. Southern part contains Gyeong Sang, Jeol La, Je Ju, Bu San, Dae Gu, Ul San, and Gwang Ju. It is known that there are some differences between middle and southern part on weather. The climatic differences might affect human body. Thus, the mall objective of this study is to analyze effects of climatic differences which influence somatotype characteristics on residents in two regions. In order to compare and analyze data, Rohrer index and drop-value were used. Also, this paper provides typical ratios according to dividing line of district.

Recently, due to economic growth, living environment has been convenient and comfortable and so human activities were decreased. Consequently energy consumption was also decreased. Also the habit of food intake has been changed and the tendency of obesity has been increased. The main objective of this paper is to provide analysis of obesity index of residents in six metropolitan cities. According to analysis of Rohrer Index, there were significant differences regionally between men and women in metropolitan cities. Through analysis of Drop Value, it was found that there were significant differences regionally between men and women in metropolitan cities on circumferences of chest, waist and buttocks. The result of this research can be utilized in manufacturing and design of uniforms and equipments for safety.

In general, it is fact that most educational institutions have lots of problems about shift of education facility and equipment because of insufficient budget. However, most high school girls live a lot of period in the school and most of them wear student uniform. Thus, it is necessary that educational environment has to be improved by actual body size of high school girls. The main objective of this study is to provide numerical guideline for the improvement of educational environment about high school girls (17~19 years) through comparison and analysis on physical standard of nation (report published in 1997). The sample for this work chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years (2003~2004). In order to analyze feature of the somatotype of high school girls, analysis was performed about 734 subjects on 25 body parts such as height (7 parts), width (4 parts), thickness (4 parts), circumference (5 parts), length (4 parts) and body weight. For the specific comparison on somatotype, Rohrer index and Mollison's comparison graph were used. The result of this study can be utilized in various fields such as design of classroom, student uniforms, facilities and equipments for education, etc.

The main objective of this paper is to provide analysis of obesity index of residents in six metropolitan cities. According to analysis of Rohrer Index, there was significant difference regionally between men and women in metropolitan cities. Through analysis of Drop Value, it was found that there were significant differences regionally between men and women in metropolitan cities on circumferences of chest, waist and buttocks. The result of this research can be utilized in manufacturing and design of uniforms and equipments for safety.