Background: Stroke is one of the most common diseases responsible for physical disabilities. In addition to their physical and occupational therapy, the self-exercise programs were developed for patients with hemiplegia to increase the intensity of their therapeutic exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a customized self-exercise program (CSP) to walking function on improving stroke survivors’ muscle strength and ambulation function. Method: To test the effect of the self-exercise program, the following tests were conducted: The functional ambulation category (FAC), Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment gait part (POMA-G), timed up and go (TUG), 10-meter walk, and 2-minute walk. The study included 161 consenting stroke patients (FAC score>1) from a randomized, screened sample of 217. The CSP group participated in a 30-minute CSP each day for 10 weeks in addition to completing a routine rehabilitation program. The control group received only a routine rehabilitation program. All the subjects were monitored by a therapist once a week and had to submit an exercise checklist at the end of each session. Result: The strength of the participants’ upper and lower extremity muscles showed no significant differences between the CSP group and the control group. The FAC score and POMA-G also showed no significant differences. However, there were significant differences in the TUG, 10-meter walk test, and 2-minute walk test (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a CSP may improve gait-related function in stroke survivors.

본 연구는 개인혁신과정에서 팀 내 구성원의 아이디어 창출이 아이디어 실행에 미치는 영향 및 이 관계에서 침묵풍토의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 국내 기업 68개 팀의 구성원 383명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 특히, 침묵풍토의 형성원인에 따라 방어적 침묵풍토와 체념적 침묵풍토로 구분하여 독립적인 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 팀원의 아이디어 창출과 실행 간의 관계에서 침묵풍토의 환경적 요인에 국한한 영향모형을 실증적으로 검증하기 위해 다층 구조(예: 산업분야, 직급 등)를 고려한 다중소속 다층모형(MMMM)에 기반한 완전-정보 문항기반 요인분석과 베이지언 모형분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 구성원의 점진적 아이디어 창출과 아이디어 실행 사이에 정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 기존 연구에서 강조했던 혁신의 선행변수로서 개인 창의성의 중요성이 지지되었다. 또한 침묵풍토의 유형에 따라 아이디어 창출-아이디어 실행의 관계가 달라지는 양상이 나타났다. 특히 방어적 침묵풍토 인식이 높을 경우, 급진적 아이디어 창출-아이디어 실행 간의 정적관계가 약화되었으며, 체념적 침묵풍토 인식수준이 높을 때는 급진적 아이디어 창출과 아이디어 실행 간 관계가 오히려 강화되는 현상이 나타났다. 이 결과는 혁신의 긍정적인 부분과 부정적인 부분을 동시에 보여주는 것으로 조직 내 침묵풍토가 강하다고 인식할 경우, 개인들은 자신의 혁신 아이디어가 실제로 수용될 가능성이 낮다고 인식하므로 더 높은 수준의 급진적 아이디어 창출과 실행을 시도하게 되며 이는 혁신피로를 야기할 수 있어 궁극적으로 개인혁신에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

In this study, we conducted a survey on odor characteristics of single odor and collective odor facilities using the German olfactory odor method and carried out the odor frequency modeling. The influence of the odor from a sewage treatment plant, which is a single discharge facility, was strong in the eastern and northern parts of the plant and appeared to be in good agreement with the areas where the odor complaints were frequent. The German olfactory method reflects the odor complaints and odor occurrence characteristics of the receptors as compared with the domestic odor measurement method. The influence of the odor from the odor control area, which is a collecting and discharging facility, showed a tendency in which the sum of the odor occurrence frequency increased with the proximity of the odor discharge facility to the dense industrial complex. Furthermore, it was judged that it is not easy to extract the odor frequency results for individual facilities because the survey subject is the group discharge facility area. Therefore, it will be necessary to introduce a method to manage odor in the future. In this study, the measurement of odor frequency using the German olfactory odor method is partially applied to some odor sources. Appropriately, it is not applicable to various emission sources. However, the odor measurement method based on odor occurrence frequency and odor sensory can be used for investigation of the actual condition, permits of odor discharge facilities and the environmental review.

The subway is a common transportation system accessed by over 8 million people on a daily basis in Metropolitan Seoul area. The subway ventilation system located on a street occupies a large area of walkways which cause inconvenience to the public. In this paper, approaches to reduce the ventilation sitting area on the pathway are examined. 5 different preliminary models of ventilation systems are analyzed to minimize the pathway obstacle area such that the public may have an easy access to pass by on the street. The amount of the air ventilation is predicted using the CFD software to ensure an efficient ventilation. The ventilation performance is verified by theory and numerical analysis. The result shows that one of the proposed model combined with the hybrid ventilation satisfies the regulation requirement of the air quantities. We may conclude that the proposed ventilation design provides a smooth walking environment to the public while the ventilation volume is maintained to the existing ventilation system with no modification of the current ventilation holes and structures.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of odor and to examine the application method of the odor emission standard in a restaurant environment. The complex odor dilution concentrations (“times”) and odor compounds were measured in 8 restaurants. The highest complex odor dilution times were 966 in outlets and 97 in site boundaries of C restaurants. The average complex odor dilution times were 632 in outlets and 29 in site boundaries, which exceeded the allowable odor discharge standard of residential areas. Eighteen of the 22 specified offensive odor substances were detected. Aldehyde-type substances showed high concentrations, and the highest concentration of ethanol was detected in addition to the designated odorous substances. Dichloromethane, benzene, and phenol, which are harmful air pollutants, were also detected. The odorant concentrations of restaurants were found to exceed the odor standard threshold in A, B, and F restaurants. Upon review of the Japanese-style odor index respective to restaurant odor, it is difficult to apply an equivalent emission allowance standard as the permissible emission standard of the workplace. It is necessary to regulate emission standards by different emission standards. In the future, it will be necessary to determine how to measure the odor index and how to apply the odor emission standard to everyday facilities, such as restaurants, grocery stores, etc.

The 1960s in Britain was the period of rapid economic and social change. Under this circumstance, the visionary architect Cedric Price designed the Fun Palace, of which idea came from the theatre producer, Joan Littlewood. They hoped this place to be an improvisational learning space, so Price proposed the building as ‘kit of parts’ which can respond to programmatic indeterminacy. Cybernetics was introduced to control this flexibility dramatically changed the character of the project from ‘theatre of people’ to ‘interactive machine’. That resulted in the change of the status of user from subjective human beings to abstract data in the cybernetic algorithm as well, and led the project to a completely opposite direction from that Price intended. After Fun Palace, cybernetics technology could still be found in his other projects, and it can be assumed that this was because the algorithmic system of cybernetics were on the same line of thought of Price’s idea ― anti-building or ‘kit of parts’. The effects of cybernetics varied in projects; Similar negative effect in Fun Palace can be found in Generator project, but on the other hand, in Potteries Thinkbelt project, cybernetics showed a positive aspect by contribution to the development of project on the formal analogy of algorithmic network.

본 논문에서는 합성단면을 갖는 구조물의 극한 거동 해석에서 요구하는 재료 및 기하학적 비선형 해석을 수행하기 위한 보 요소를 제시하였다. 제안된 요소는 기하학적 비선형성을 효과적으로 모사할 수 있는 co-rotational 정식화를 통해 도출되 었으며, 다양한 합성단면의 저항성능을 재현할 수 있도록 화이버 단면법이 요소의 내력 및 강성을 산정하는데 활용되었다. 제안된 방법을 구현할 수 있도록 해석 프로그램이 개발되었으며, 호장법을 적용하여 최대내력 발생 이후의 연성거동뿐만 아 니라 심한 비선형 응답(snap-through 또는 snapback)까지 추적해낼 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 요소 정식화와 해석 프로그램의 정확성을 검증을 위해 몇 가지 수치예제가 수행되었고, 해석결과는 제안된 요소의 정확성과 효율성을 보이 기 위해 3차원 연속체 모델 및 기존 연구의 결과와 비교되었다. 추가로 합성단면을 갖는 골조 구조물에 대한 수치예제를 통 해, 합성단면을 구성하는 재료의 탄성계수 비 및 강도 비에 따른 영향을 분석하였다. 해석결과는 외층 재료의 탄성계수가 증 가됨에 따라 준취성 거동이 나타났으며, 외층 재료의 항복강도가 높을수록 선형 거동하는 기하적 비선형 응답과 유사한 응 답을 보였다.

본 연구는 위계적 문화가 강한 군 조직에서 조직몰입에 대한 진성리더십의 효과를 검증하고 진성리더 십의 작동기제를 설명하기 위해 리더신뢰의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 특히 위계적이고 다층적인 군 조직 에서 직속상관인 중대장과 원거리 상관인 대대장의 리더십이 다른 유형의 리더신뢰를 통해 조직몰입에영향을 줄 것으로 예측하였다. 육군 3개 사단에서 복무하는 소대장 237명을 대상으로 한 설문자료를 분석 한 결과, 상관의 진성리더십은 부하의 조직몰입과 정적 관계를 가지며 이 관계는 리더신뢰의 부분적 매개 를 통해서 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히 정서적 리더신뢰와 인지적 리더신뢰는 조직몰입에 대해 다른 영향을 가지며, 정서적 신뢰는 직속상관인 중대장에게서 영향이 크며, 인지적 신뢰는 대대장의 경우에 더 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 실무적인 측면에서 본 연구의 결과는 권위적 문화가 강한 가진 군 조직에서도 진성리더십이 효과적이며 기존 리더십에 대한 대안으로서 진성리더십의 개발, 교육 및 확산 의 필요성이 높음을 시사한다.

Natural and expandable graphites were chemically treated in acidic aqueous solutions such as acetic acid or mixtures of acetic acid and nitric acid. Structures and thermal conductivities of the as-treated graphites were characterized in detail. Both graphites were significantly oxidized in the mixed acidic solution of H2SO4 and HNO3, which condition was generally used for the oxidation of carbon nanotubes. This considerable oxidation of graphites caused a depression of their thermal conductivity. The structural characteristics, obtained by XRD and XPS, show that the graphites treated in the relatively weak acidic conditions (acetic acid or mixture of acetic acid and nitric acid) were quite similar to the untreated graphites. However, the thermal conductivities of both acidic-treated graphites were remarkably increased.

플랜트의 유황 저장 탱크는 강재로 구성되며, 탱크 저면은 앵커볼트에 의해 Ring Wall 형상의 콘크리트 기초와 연결된다. 탱크 내 유황이 내부 열원에 의해 고온상태를 유지하기 때문에, 유황 저장 탱크는 상온의 유체를 저장하는 다른 탱크에 비해 큰 체적팽창을 겪게 된다. 일반적으로 탱크 기초의 구조설계는 기초의 내외부의 온도차를 하중으로 적용한 구조해석이 수행 되는데, 이 방법은 탱크의 열팽창 특성이 앵커볼트에 의해 집중하중 형태로 콘크리트 기초에 전달되는 현상을 고려할 수 없 다. 이는 온도하중의 영향을 과소평가하게 되며, 앵커볼트에 인접한 콘크리트의 균열을 야기한다. 본 연구는 앵커볼트에 의 한 온도 하중전달 메커니즘을 고려한 하중 평가식을 제안함으로써, 콘크리트 기초에 작용하는 하중을 보다 합리적으로 결정 하고자 한다. 이를 위해 탱크 바닥판과 앵커볼트가 포함된 유한요소모델을 이용해 앵커볼트 개수 증감에 따른 온도하중의 변화를 분석하였으며, 분석결과를 이론해와 결합해 앵커볼트에 의해 전달되는 하중을 평가할 수 있는 명시적인 형태로 해를 제시하였다. 제안된 식의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 실제 플랜트 현장의 유황 저장 탱크 설계에 적용하였으며, 실무적으로 사 용 가능함을 보였다.

Pairs trading is a type of arbitrage investment strategy that buys an underpriced security and simultaneously sells an overpriced security. Since the 1980s, investors have recognized pairs trading as a promising arbitrage strategy that pursues absolute returns rather than relative profits. Thus, individual and institutional traders, as well as hedge fund traders in the financial markets, have an interest in developing a pairs trading strategy. This study proposes pairs trading rules (PTRs) created from a price ratio between securities (i.e., stock index futures) using rough set analysis. The price ratio involves calculating the closing price of one security and dividing it by the closing price of another security and generating Buy or Sell signals according to whether the ratio is increasing or decreasing. In this empirical study, we generate PTRs through rough set analysis applied to various technical indicators derived from the price ratio between KOSPI 200 and S&P 500 index futures. The proposed trading rules for pairs trading indicate high profits in the futures market.

医療観光の発展とともに医療機関のホームページは医療機関の広報だけじゃなく、いろんな情報の伝達など様々な役割を行っている。とくに外国語のホームページの支援は外国人の病院選択の一番重要な要所になった。このような釜山の医療機関の日本語のホームページの現況の把握․分析を通じて構成と内容の問題点․語彙誤謬を取り調べた。その結果、専門科目によるホームページの構成の違い、診療科と医療用語の多様な使い方と誤謬が分かった。例えば、韓方の場合、中国․日本とは違う韓国伝統的な医療に発達してきたため、中国の‘漢方’じゃなく‘韓方’という名で呼ぶべきだということと医療機関で頻繁に使われている;成形‘という用語は日本では使わないということも分かった。その以外にも韓国語の干渉によって発生する医療用語の表記の誤謬など様々な部分での誤謬がみつかった。 より便利な日本人の釜山医療機関の利用のためにこのような問題点の修正․補完が必要だと思う。

Slips and falls are associated with many public injuries in Korea. It is also estimated that slipping are major contributors to slip, trip and fall injury burden. The primary purpose of the present study is to determine if, and to what extent, the standard could be improved in present environment. In order to fulfill our objective, the regulations in Korea and foreign countries were investigated and reviewed. Many kind of standard, mandatory documents and guideline were also reviewed. And then, regulations, standard, guideline etc. reviewed were compared with each others. Also, some criteria was developed in this study. Standard and criteria developed in this study will help to prevent slip, trip, and fall injuries.