This study addresses the critical challenge of enhancing vehicle classification accuracy in traffic surveys by optimizing the conditions for vehicle axle recognition through artificial intelligence. With current governmental traffic surveys facing issues—particularly the misclassification of freight vehicles in systems employing a 12-category vehicle classification—the research proposes an optimal imaging setup to improve axle recognition accuracy. Field data were acquired at busy intersections using specialized equipment, comparing two camera installation heights under fixed conditions. Analysis revealed that a shooting height of 8.5m combined with a 50°angle significantly reduces occlusion and captures comprehensive vehicle features, including the front, side, and upper views, which are essential for reliable deep learning-based classification. The proposed methodology integrates YOLOv8 for vehicle detection and a CNN-based Deep Sort algorithm for tracking, with image extraction occurring every three frames. The axle regions are then segmented and analyzed for inter-axle distances and patterns, enabling classification into 15 categories—including 12 vehicle types and additional classes such as pedestrians, motorcycles, and personal mobility devices. Experimental results, based on a dataset collected at a high-traffic point in Gwangju, South Korea, demonstrate that the optimized conditions yield an overall accuracy of 97.22% and a PR-Curve AUC of 0.88. Notably, the enhanced setup significantly improved the classification performance for complex vehicle types, such as 6-axle dump trucks and semi-trailers, which are prone to misclassification under lower installation heights. The study concludes that optimized imaging conditions combined with advanced deep learning algorithms for axle recognition can substantially improve vehicle classification accuracy. These findings have important implications for traffic management, infrastructure planning, road maintenance, and policy-making by providing a more reliable and precise basis for traffic data analysis.

담관 협착 및 확장은 그 원인을 정확히 알기 어려운 경우가 많다. 호산구성 담관염은 담관 협착 및 확장을 일으킬 수 있는 양성 질환으로, 발생빈도는 드문 것으로 알려져 있다. 조직병리학, 방사선 사진, 내시경 및 혈액학적 소견을 종합하여 진단할 수 있으며, 스테로이드 투여를 통해 호전을 기대할 수 있다. 드물지만 담관 협착 및 확장의 감별진단 시 고려해야 하는 질환으로, 이 증례를 통해 호산구성 담관염을 알아보고자 한다.

식품의 가공 및 조리에 정제 가공유지를 사용하면 2- monochloropropane-1,3-diol esters (2-MCPDEs), 3-monochloropropane- 1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs)와 glycidyl esters (GEs)가 다양한 유형의 식품에 포함될 수 있다. EU뿐만 아니라 최근 대만에서는 식용 혹은 식품가공원료로 공급 하는 시중 판매 식용유지에 대해 GEs 1 mg/kg 이하, 홍콩 에서는 3-MCPDEs에 대해 영유아 분유 50 μg/kg 이하, 영 유아 액상 분유 6 μg/kg 이하로 기준·규격을 관리하고 있 다. 최근 다양한 한국 식품의 수출이 확대되고 있어 많은 식품에 사용되는 식용유지류의 국외 기준·규격에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 식용유 지류 샘플을, AOAC Cd 29a-13 방법 및 EFSA 방법을 참 고하여 GC/MS를 사용하여 시험법을 검증하고, 지방산 유 래 유해물질(2-MCPDEs, 3-MCPDEs 및 GEs)을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 시험법의 결정계수(r²) 평균은 0.9999, 검출한계 (limit of detection, LOD)와 정량한계(limit of quantification, LOQ)는 각각 9.6-20.4 μg/kg와 29.0-62.0 μg/kg이었다. Intraday 및 inter-day 정확도는 2-MCPDE 93.07%±9.58%- 107.92% ±5.19%, 3-MCPDE 92.14%±11.05%-108.60%±2.86% 및 GEs 87.68%±9.32%-105.66%±8.50%이었고, 정밀도는 각각 5.91- 11.72%RSD, 2.63-11.99%RSD 및 7.50-12.96%RSD로 AOAC 가이드라인에 적합함을 확인하였다. 또한 Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) 국제 숙련도 시험 에 참가하여 적합한 z-score를 얻었으며, Quality Control (QC) material의 회수율은 89.16-108.14%로, 외부 및 내부 검증을 통해 분석 결과의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 확립된 시험법을 토대로 시판 중인 식용유지류(n=272)를 분석한 결과, 2- MCPDEs는 N.D.-1,753 μg/kg, 3-MCPDEs는 N.D.- 2,492 μg/kg, 그리고 GEs는 N.D.-985 μg/kg이었으며, 이는 EU 기준·규격에 적합한 수준이었다. 샘플의 특성에 따라 liquid oil과 semi-solid oil로 구분하였으며, 지방산 유래 유 해물질 검출 결과가 EU 기준·규격에 근접(90-100%)한 샘 플은 각각 3-MCPDEs는 3개, 13개이고, GEs는 1개, 6개 로, liquid oil보다 semi-solid oil에서 근접하는 샘플이 더 많았다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 유통 중인 식용유지류의 지방산 유래 유해물질을 모니터링함으로써 식용유지류의 안전 확보를 위한 기초자료로 활용되고, 수출품목 유지 및 기업체 저감화 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

To understand effects of the compositions of marine macrobenthic communities on carbon storage in subtidal rocky habitat, a diving survey was conducted at Aewol and Biyangdo stations in the northwestern regions of Jeju Island in the summer of 2023. Cluster analysis revealed no significant differences in community composition between the two stations. The mean biomass of the dominant species was Cnidaria (2,047.4 gwwt m-2) of macroinvertebrate, followed by Rhodophyta (745.4 gwwt m-2) of seaweed in studied areas. According to similarity percentage analysis, Alveopora japonica and Ecklonia cava were major contributors to the communities in Aewol, whereas diverse marine organisms, including these two species, contributed to the community in Biyangdo. The estimated mean carbon storage by benthic communities derived from their carbon contents in surveyed areas was 202.7 gC m-2, with variations reflecting differences in community compositions. The biomass of Cnidaria, dominated by A. japonica, showed a positive correlation with carbon storage, whereas the biomass of Rhodophyta, primarily composed of coralline algae, showed a negative correlation. These variations in carbon storage among marine communities may result from species-specific carbon assimilation patterns, survival strategies, marine carbon cycling, and intra-community interactions such as competition and feeding.

This study investigated effects of seedling age and planting density on early growth performances of Fraxinus rhynchophylla trees. Containerized F. rhynchophylla seedlings (1-year-old and 2-year-old) were planted according to two different planting densities (3,000 and 5,000 trees ha-1) in April of 2017 in Gangneung city, Gangwon province, South Korea. Survival rate, root collar diameter (RCD), and height (H) were measured from 2017 to 2022 (except for 2021). H/RCD (H/D) ratio and stem volume were then calculated. It was found that growth performances of F. rhynchophylla trees were only affected by seedling age. In 2022, mean (±standard error) RCD (mm), H (cm), and stem volume (cm3 tree-1) were the highest for 5,000 trees ha-1 of 2-year-old seedlings (at 30.7, 197.3, and 1001.8, respectively). Initial RCD and H showed relationships with stem volume (in 2017- 2020). As growth space decreased, planted trees initially showed rapid growth due to light competition. In this study, the optimal seedling age and density of planting for F. rhynchophylla were confirmed and important data were secured for preparing a plan for post-reforestation management including operations of weed removal and young tree tending.

식·약용으로 사용되고 있는 흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis) 유충은 가공 전처리 시 배변 유도 섭식물로 찹쌀과 비지를 사용하고 있으나 생산비 절감, 영양적 가치 증대, 이취감 저감을 목적으로 가공부산물로 대체할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 유충의 배변유도섭식물로 홍삼박, 구기자박, 흑마늘박, 마늘부산물 등을 활용하여 이에 대한 효과를 구명하고, 전처리 조건을 확립하였다. 이를 위해 섭취 한 후 배변유도, 체중 감소율, 생존율, 지표물질 등을 조사하였다. 가공부산물을 섭식한 유충의 섬유질 함량은 모든 처리구에서 무처리(절식) 9.91% 보다 낮은 섬유질 함량을 보였다. 유 충의 일별 체중 감소율과 생존율을 회귀분석하여 가공부산물 투입에 따른 사육 용기(264×194×192 mm (W×H×D)) 내 적정 마릿수를 추정한 결 과 홍삼박과 흑마늘박 섭식구가 180과 175마리로 다른 처리에 비해 높은 경향을 보였다. 유충의 살처리 및 동결건조방법에 따른 total ginsenoside, betaine, pyruvate함량은 -20°C 냉동 처리 후 동결건조한 것이 가장 높았으며, 특히 냉동 후 동결건조 처리한 홍삼박 섭식구의 total ginsenoside함 량은 다른 처리에 비해 월등히 높은 경향을 보였다. 따라서 흰점박이꽃무지 유충은 가공 전처리 시 배변 유도 섭식물로 홍삼박을 사용하여 냉동 후 동결건조하는 것이 가장 적합한 것으로 사료된다.

This study sought to improve the accuracy of estimating national emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer solvent products (CSPs) by updating emission factors and category-specific activity data. The classification of the CSPs, which was originally proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was reorganized to reflect domestic consumption patterns in Korea. VOC contents, product sales, and atmospheric evaporation rates of the CSPs were analyzed for subcategories including personal care products, household products, and automotive aftermarket products to update their emission factors. Additionally, the category-specific activity data, previously based on only population statistics, were newly applied to count the characteristics of each classification, such as the number of households and the number of registered automobiles. The updated emission factors were calculated to be 1.90 kg/capita·yr for personal care products, 4.37 kg/household·yr for household products, and 2.36 kg/car·yr for automotive products. An evaluation of uncertainties revealed the limitation in the product classification, the shortage of sales data, and the lack of information on VOC contents depending on the product forms (liquid, solid, and aerosol). This study highlighted the necessity of developing detailed classification systems and standardized VOC content measurement methods, ultimately contributing to more accurate and practical assessments of VOC emissions from the CSPs.

This study aimed to estimate the rumen fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions of major domestic feed sources for Hanwoo. Five feed sources mainly used in South Korea were selected: corn meal (CM), soybean meal (SM), wheat flour (WF), palm kernel cake (PKC), and corn distiller’s dried grains with soluble (DDGS). These feed sources were purchased from a commercial feed company. For 24 h rumen incubation, each feed source (0.3 g) was placed into the incubation bottle with the rumen mixture (30 mL) in quadruplicates. After incubation, total gas production was measured and sub-sampled for CO2 and CH4 analyses, and the bottle content was centrifuged for rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Crude protein content was highest in SM and lowest in CM. Ether extract content was highest in DDGS and lowest in SM, while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were highest in PKC and lowest in CM. Propionate content was highest in DDGS, and butyrate and A:P ratio contents were highest in PKC (p<0.05). Total gas emission (mL/g DMD) was lowest in SM and DDGS, while CH4 emission (mL/g DMD) was lowest in DDGS (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that DDGS could be an alternative feed source to reduce methane emissions.

This study examined the spatiotemporal changes in Jilnal Wetland using satellite image-based time series data and field surveys. The analysis focused on changes in open water surface area and vegetation using the JRC Surface Water Monthly Water History dataset and Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2020. The impact of hydrological changes on vegetation was assessed through surveys conducted before and after the 2023 monsoon season. Results indicated a continuous decrease in open water surface area since the 1980s, with a sharp decline post-2003. NDVI analysis showed an inverse relationship between water area reduction and increased vegetation vigor and coverage. Field surveys revealed that hydrological changes directly affected vegetation structure, leading to new herbaceous communities and greater diversity post-monsoon. These findings highlight significant ecosystem changes driven by anthropogenic factors and natural succession, necessitating a comprehensive conservation strategy, including development control, hydrological management, terrestrialization prevention, and long-term monitoring.

This study compared and analyzed fish communities and mortality rates based on different survey methods (mesh size and retrieval frequency) of stationary nets, which are actively used in freshwater fish surveys in Korea, and proposed an appropriate survey method. Field surveys were conducted on the mainstream of the Nakdong River from May to June 2022 through a total of 10 times of fyke net surveys. The number of species and individuals collected varied significantly depending on the mesh size of the net (5 mm vs. 15 mm) (P<0.001), and larger species with an average total length of over 9 cm were mainly collected in the 15 mm mesh. However, the number of species (P=0.684) and individuals (P=0.100) collected did not show statistically significant differences depending on retrieval frequency (once/24 hours vs. twice/24 hours). In contrast, the mortality rate of fish differed based on all survey methods (mesh size, P<0.001; retrieval frequency, P<0.05), with mortality decreasing as the mesh size increased and retrieval frequency increased. Fyke nets are one of the standard fishing gears used in freshwater fish research in Korea, and to ensure species diversity, it is recommended to maintain the current standard mesh size of 5 mm. However, reducing the current 48-hour deployment time or increasing the retrieval frequency could lower the mortality rate. Furthermore, future research should focus on the differences in fish communities based on the combination of fishing gears commonly used in Korea to improve fish survey methodologies suitable for domestic freshwater environments.

산화적 스트레스는 활성산소의 과도한 생성으로 인해 발생하며, 이는 만성퇴행성질환의 원인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 식용 덖음 꽃차 8종 추출물의 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, radical 소거 활성 측정을 통해 이들의 항산화 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 8종의 식용 꽃차 에탄올 추출물 중에서 생강나무(Lindera obtusiloba, LO), 산수유(Cornus officinalis, CO) 및 카모마일(Matrecaria chamomilla) 꽃차 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 20.21, 13.39, 12.39 mg gallic acid equivalent/g의 수치를 나타내었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 LO, CO, 및 매화(Prunus mume) 꽃차 순으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 8종의 식용 꽃차 에탄올 추출물은 10, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL의 농도에서 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 및 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) 라디칼 소거 활성을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 특히, LO와 CO 꽃차 추출물은 다른 꽃차 추출물에 비해 우수한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 보였다. 또한 100 μg/mL 농도에서 CO, LO, 및 목련(Magnolia kobus) 꽃차 추출물의 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 활성이 70% 이상의 수치를 나타내어 우수한 ABTS+ radical 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 식용 덖음 꽃차는 radical 소거 활성 및 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드를 함유함에 따라 항산화 활성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 다른 꽃차 추출물에 비해 LO와 CO의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 및 radical 소거능이 우수하여 항산화 기능성 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 현재의 표고버섯 시장 및 수급상황과 신선 표고버섯 생산을 위해 사용되는 접종배지의 영향력을 반영하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 분석에 사용한 자료의 시간적 범위는 2000년부터 2022년까지의 연도별 시계열자료이다. 분석방법은 전대수를 적용한 선형회귀모형을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 모형은 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 특히, 수요의 가격 탄성치는 –1.10%로 나타나 신선 표고버섯 가격이 1% 증가할 때, 수요량은 1.10% 감소하였다. 공급의 가격 탄력성은 비탄력적인 것으로 나타났으며 신선 표고버섯 가격이 1% 증가할 때 공급량은 0.33% 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 차별성은 톱밥접종배지가 공급량에 미치는 영향과 최근의 소비시장의 상황을 반영한 모형을 추정했다는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 신선 표고버섯의 원산지 변경에 따른 경제적 효과분석과 톱밥접종배지 생산자에 대한 지원 정책 개발을 위한 정책실험에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The diagrid structural system has a braced frame that simultaneously resists lateral and vertical loads, and is being applied to many atypical high-rise buildings for aesthetic effects. In this study, a 60-story structure with twisted degrees of 0° to 180° was selected to determine seismic response control performance of twisted high-rise structures whether the diagrid system was applied and according to the reduction of braced frame material quantity. For this purpose, ‘Nor’ model without the diagrid system and the ‘DS’ model with the diagrid system, which was modeled by reducing braced frame member section to 700~400, were modeled. As a result, the 'DS' model showed an seismic response control effect in all Twisted models even when the quantity was reduced, and especially, the Twisted shape model was found to have an superior response control effect compared to the regular structure. In addition, the ‘600DS’ analysis model, which matched the ‘Nor’ model by 99.0% in quantity, showed an increase in seismic response control performance as the rotation angle increased.

Tunnel fires have significant social and economic impacts, causing extensive damage to concrete and steel reinforcements at high temperatures. Despite international advancements in fire-resistant designs, the safety measures for tunnel fires in South Korea remain insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the fire resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete incorporating fire-resistant fibers with a focus on preventing spalling and enhancing structural safety. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of fire-resistant tunnel-design standards. Concrete mixtures with compressive strengths of 27 MPa were prepared according to highway construction material standards. Fiberreinforced concrete samples were produced with fire-resistant fiber dosages of 0.0, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kg per cubic meter. Fresh concrete tests, including air content (KS F 2421) and slump (KS F 2402) tests, were conducted along with compressive strength tests (KS F 2405) on the hardened concrete. The fire resistance was assessed using an electric furnace to simulate the fire curve conditions specified in the Road Tunnel Fire Safety Guidelines based on KS F 2257. Increasing the fiber content led to a slight reduction in slump, likely owing to fiber agglomeration, with minimal effect on workability within the tested range. The air content exhibited negligible variation, indicating that there was no major impact on the air-void system. The compressive strength before the fire resistance test fluctuated but consistently met the design target of 27 MPa. The compressive strength after the fire resistance test across all samples decreased to approximately 2.0 MPa. The fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited reduced internal temperatures compared to the control, which was attributed to heat transfer disruption and the formation of micropores by the fibers. In this study, fiber-reinforced concrete demonstrated improved thermal resistance under fire conditions with minimal impact on the workability and air content within the tested range. Although the compressive strength before the fire resistance test remained adequate, the sharp decline in the post-fire strength highlights the need for further optimization. These findings emphasize the potential of fiber-reinforced concrete as a cost-effective solution for enhancing tunnel fire resistance, thereby supporting the development of safer and more resilient infrastructures.

The purpose of this study was to develop a more accurate model for predicting the in-situ compressive strength of concrete pavements using Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based sensors and deep-learning techniques. This study aimed to overcome the limitations of traditional methods by accounting for various environmental conditions. Comprehensive environmental and hydration data were collected using IoT sensors to capture variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and curing time. Data preprocessing included the removal of outliers and selection of relevant variables. Various modeling techniques, including regression analysis, classification and regression tree (CART), and artificial neural network (ANN), were applied to predict the heat of hydration and early compressive strength of concrete. The models were evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE) to determine their effectiveness. The ANN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving a high prediction accuracy for early-age concrete strength, with an MAE of 0.297 and a predictive accuracy of 99.8%. For heat-of-hydration temperature prediction, the ANN model also outperformed the regression and CART models, exhibiting a lower MAE of 1.395. The analysis highlighted the significant impacts of temperature and curing time on the hydration process and strength development. This study confirmed that AI-based models, particularly ANNs, are highly effective in predicting early-age concrete strength and hydration temperature under varying environmental conditions. The ability of an ANN model to handle non-linear relationships and complex interactions among variables makes it a promising tool for real-time quality control in construction. Future research should explore the integration of additional factors and long-term strength predictions to further enhance the model accuracy.

This study investigates the risk reduction effect and identifies the optimal capacity of Multi-barrier Accident Coping Strategy (MACST) facilities for nuclear power plants (NPPs) under seismic hazard. The efficacy of MACST facilities in OPR1000 and APR1400 NPP systems is evaluated by utilizing the Improved Direct Quantification of Fault Tree with Monte Carlo Simulation (I-DQFM) method. The analysis encompasses a parametric study of the seismic capacity of two MACST facilities: the 1.0 MW large-capacity mobile generator and the mobile low-pressure pump. The results demonstrate that the optimal seismic capacity of MACST facilities for both NPP systems is 1.5g, which markedly reduces the probability of core damage. In particular, the core damage risk is reduced by approximately 23% for the OPR1000 system, with the core damage fragility reduced by approximately 72% at 1.0g seismic intensity. For the APR1400 system, the implementation of MACST is observed to reduce the core damage risk by approximately 17% and the core damage fragility by approximately 44% under the same conditions. These results emphasize the significance of integrating MACST facilities to enhance the resilience and safety of NPPs against seismic hazard scenarios, highlighting the necessity for continuous adaptation of safety strategies to address evolving natural threats.

This study aimed to develop a systematic process for identifying components that need to be changed to reduce the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) during pedestrian headform tests. Through simulation and analysis, it was confirmed that the hood, hinge, hinge plate, cowl, fender, and fender bracket significantly influence HIC15. The study identified the specific impact of each component on HIC15, allowing for targeted improvements. The proposed process demonstrated superior performance compared to single-component optimization, yielding more significant reductions in HIC15. Multiple vehicle models were tested, confirming the process's effectiveness in consistently lowering HIC15 values.

본 연구는 출현 식물에 따른 산림습원의 생태적 특성을 분석하고 진행 중인 훼손 파악과 그 원인에 맞는 복원 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 강원 정선 백봉령 산림습원 구역 총 20개소를 대상으로 Z-M 식물사회학적 방법에 따른 현장조사를 수행하였고, 이원지표종분석과 표조작법을 활용하여 식생 유형을 구분하였다. 각 군락별 상대우점치, 종다 양도를 산출하고 습지식물 유형 분석 및 현존상관식생도 작성을 진행하였다. 본 조사지역에 분포하는 관속식물은 48과 107속 134종 4아종 24변종 3품종으로 총 165분류군이 조사되었다. 식생 유형은 일본잎갈나무-노린재나무군락 (C1)과 들메나무-산뚝사초군락(C2)으로 구분되었다. C2는 C1에 비해 관목층을 제외한 모든 층위에서 절대습지식물 및 임의습지식물의 상대우점치와 비율이 높게 분석되어 C1이 C2에 비해 교란 및 육화가 많이 진행된 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 2019년 인접 42번 국도의 확장공사 과정에서 신설된 6개의 배수로와 습원구역 내 수계 변화로 인한 토양 붕괴·침식·유출 및 시설물 훼손이 발견되었고, 본 산림습원을 지속적으로 보전할 수 있는 복원 공법을 제시하였다.

내시경역행담췌관조영술(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP)은 풍부한 임상경험과 내시경 기술이 요구되는 시술로, 다양한 합병증이 발생할 수 있으며 일부는 생명과 연관된 심각한 합병증으로 진행할 수 있다. 시술 적응증 확대와 기술적 발전으로 ERCP는 널리 이용되고 있고 이러한 변화는 시술의 접근성을 증가시키는 장점이 있다. 그러나 적절한 질 관리 없이 시행되는 시술은 상당한 위험을 야기할 수 있다. ERCP의 질 관리는 안전하고 성공적인 시술을 보장하고 향상된 의료 경쟁력을 위한 사회적 요구를 충족 시키기 위해 필수적인 것이다. 이러한 관심에 대응하기 위해 대한췌장담도학회는 국내 의료 환경과 현실이 반영된 한국형 ERCP 질 지표를 개발하였다. 먼저, 외국에서 발표된 ERCP 질 지표 및 관련 문헌 검토를 기반으로 하여 다섯 가지의 시술 전 처치 항목, 세 가지의 시술 중 처치 항목 및 네 가지 시술 후 처치 항목에 대한 주요 질문을 작성하였다. 각 항목의 서술과 권고사항은 동료 평가를 통해 선택되었다. 개발된 한국형 ERCP 질 지표는 개발 당시 최신 발표된 논문을 기반으로 외부 전문가에 의해 검토되었다. 국내 현실에 맞춘 이 한국형 ERCP 질 지표는 우리나라의 ERCP 질 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 스트론튬 이온(Sr²⁺) 처리가 수화 시멘트 복합체의 공극분포 특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 물- 시멘트비(w/c) 0.3, 0.4, 0.5로 제조된 시멘트 페이스트 시편을 21일간 탈 이온수에서 수중 양생한 후, 각각 두 개의 그룹 으로 나누었다. 첫 번째 그룹은 탈 이온수에서 추가로 7일간 양생하였고, 두 번째 그룹은 30% 질산스트론튬(Sr(NO3)2) 수 용액에서 동일기간 동안 추가 양생하였다. 양생기간 및 조건에 따른 각 시편에 대하여 수은압입법(MIP: Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry)을 사용하여 공극률 및 공극 크기 분포를 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 물-시멘트비가 낮을수록 공극률이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 21일과 28일간 탈 이온수에서 양생한 시편 간에는 공극률 차이가 유의미하지 않았으나, 21일 수중양생 후 스트론튬 이온에 7일간 처리된 시편은 공극률이 유의미하게 감소한 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 물-시멘트비 0.3인 경우 에는 공극률이 33% 이상 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 또한, 공극 크기 분포 특성 분석 결과, 모든 물-시멘트비 조건에서 21 일 양생된 시편에 비해 7일간 추가 양생된 시편은 큰 공극의 양이 줄어들면서 작은 공극의 양이 증가하는 경향을 확인 하였다. 특히, 스트론튬 이온에 처리된 시편의 경우 50nm 이하의 매우 작은 공극의 양이 크게 증가하였다. 이로써 스트 론튬 이온 처리에 의해 수화 시멘트 복합체의 미세조직이 치밀해짐을 확인하였으며, SEM 분석을 통해 이러한 결과를 시 각적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구는 스트론튬 이온을 활용한 시멘트 콘크리트 표면처리 기법이 노후 시멘트 콘크리트 구조 물에 대하여 수분 침투 저항성을 향상시키는 유지관리 기술로서 잠재력을 지니고 있음을 보여준다.