Biodiversity in paddy ecosystems not only enhances crop production but also regulates ecosystem functions, providing various ecosystem services. Benthic macroinvertebrates are crucial organisms that play vital roles in these ecological processes; however, research on their community dynamics in paddy ecosystems is still limited. This study aimed to examine how the community characteristics and ecological functions of benthic macroinvertebrates differ across various types of organic floury rice cultivation. The findings indicated that Rice Field 2 (RF2) hosted a greater diversity of species compared to the other paddy fields. Over time, both the diversity and richness indices in RF2 and RF3 were significantly higher than those in RF1. Similar trends were observed in the functional feeding groups (FFGs) and habitat orientation groups (HOGs). These results suggest that organic floury rice cultivation practices and proximity to the Doombeong (traditional farm pond) jointly influence the community composition and ecological functions of benthic macroinvertebrates. Consequently, differences in cultivation practices can alter vegetation structure, while the complex habitat provided by Doombeong serves as an important refuge for benthic macroinvertebrate communities, aiding in biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of ecological functions in paddy ecosystems.

This study investigated the wetland plant community in Mije Reservoir, Gunsan City, during September and October 2024, emphasizing its ecological significance as a primary producer and habitat provider within agricultural reservoir ecosystems. The reservoir was divided into 14 distinct sectors to comprehensively assess spatial plant distribution patterns. Aquatic plants were sampled using collection anchors deployed at the water’s edge, while hygrophytes and emergent macrophytes were surveyed along transects extending from the water’s edge to the embankment. A total of 192 vascular plant species were identified, of which 73 were classified as wetland plant species, encompassing diverse life forms: 36 hygrophytes, 17 emergent macrophytes, 6 floating-leaf species, 3 free-floating species, and 11 submerged species. Notably, the survey documented the presence of two endangered species, Euryale ferox and Cicuta virosa, alongside eight invasive alien plant species. A comparative analysis with a prior survey conducted in 2008 revealed a substantial increase of 54 wetland plant species. Currently, Mije Reservoir is subject to intensive aquatic plant removal management due to observed excessive proliferation and cyanobacterial bloom. However, the presence of endangered species underscores the critical need for a more nuanced reservoir vegetation management strategy that integrates the spatial distribution and conservation status of these ecologically important wetland plants.

Fishways, particularly installed at the estuary, have a purpose to encourage fluent migration for migratory fishes, as well as amphidromous and even freshwater species. Not choosing the laborious traditional method of using traps, we assessed the efficiency of the two fishways installed at the west and east barrage of the Nakdong River estuarine barrage respectively, by analyzing the videos recorded through automatic monitoring system. We randomly selected 30 videos monthly at each fishways and identified what kind of fishes were using the fishways and categorised their behaviour such as size, time and whether they passed the monitoring system or not. As a result, a total 8 families 14 species were recorded by monitoring system, with the most dominance of Erythroculter erythropterus (Relative Abundance: 59.5%), followed by Micropterus salmoides (R.A: 19.9%) and Mugil cephalus (R.A: 9.9%). The monitoring system can capture passing fishes during night but the number of appearances of fish species at each hour of a day indicated significant diurnal activities (p<0.05). When fishes pass the monitoring system, approximately 70% of them passed through the monitoring device, while 17% of them showed fallback movement. Our finding indicates that species-specific characteristics of each fish are well represented through video monitoring method. In order to maximise advantages of using video monitoring, it is necessary to consider the installation point properly so that the monitoring system does not interfere with the movement of fish. Also, the utilisation of AI technology in the future is also necessary.

본 연구는 국내 육성 품종 ‘선플’과 ‘감황’ 과실 생산에 적합 한 수분수를 선발하기 위해 ‘SKK2’, ‘델리웅’, ‘보화’, ‘Chieftain’ 각각의 꽃가루로 인공수분하여 과실 품질과 종자의 발육을 조 사하였다. 착과율은 두 품종이 모든 처리구에서 96% 이상이 었다. ‘선플’은 ‘델리웅’ 처리에서 과중이 가장 높았고 2021년 은 ‘보화’ 처리에서 2022년은 ‘Chieftain’ 처리에서 가장 낮았 다. ‘감황’은 2021년에 ‘델리웅’ 처리에서 2022년은 ‘Chieftain’ 처리에서 과중이 가장 높아 연차 간 차이를 보였다. ‘선플’의 과실 품질 조사 결과, 2022년에 건물률은 ‘SKK2’처리에서 가장 높고 가용성 고형물 함량은 ‘Chieftain’에서 가장 높았으 며 2021년에는 처리 간 유의차가 없었다. ‘선플’의 총 종자 수 와 미숙 종자 수는 6배체 수분수 처리구에서 가장 많았고 천립 중은 4배체 수분수 처리구에서 무거웠다. ‘감황’의 과실 품질 조사 결과, 건물률과 산 함량은 2년 모두 ‘SKK2’ 처리에서 가 장 높았고 가용성 고형물 함량은 연차 간 차이를 나타냈다. ‘감 황’의 총 종자 수와 성숙 종자 수는 ‘델리웅’과 ‘Chieftain’ 처 리에서 가장 많았고 미숙 종자 수는 ‘SKK2’ 처리에서 가장 적 었다.

최근 국내에서 개발된 송풍식 양파 줄기절단기를 수확기 양 파 엽 절단에 활용할 경우 적정 작업 조건을 구명하기 위해서 이 실험을 수행하였다. 처리구 중 식물체 엽 건조가 가장 많이 진행된(엽 건조 정도 : 66.3%, 엽 수분함량 : 50.5%) 6월 20일 엽 절단 처리구에서 평균 잔여 엽장은 6.7±3.5cm로서 작업 후 적정 잔여 엽장에 해당되는 범위인 4－10cm에 포함되므로 기계 엽 절단 성능이 처리구 중 가장 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 줄기절단기 이용 양파 엽 기계 절단 시 평균 작업 속도는 0.17m·s-1였는데, 이는 인력 엽 절단 처리구의 평균 작업 속도 인 0.05m·s-1보다 3.4배 정도 빨랐으며, 이를 통해 해당 기종 을 이용하여 10a 면적을 작업할 경우에는 인력 작업(1인 기준) 에 비해 2.6시간 정도를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 기계 엽 절단 처리구에서의 손상구 발생률은 1.3%로서 인력 엽 절단 처리구의 0.0%에 비해 높았는데, 이로 인해 기계 엽 절단 처리구가 인력 엽 절단 처리구보다 저장 중 양파 구 부패 율이 평균적으로 높았던 것으로 판단된다. 처리별 저장 특성 을 살펴보면, 저장 8개월 후 구 부위(기부, 정부)별 부패율은 기계 엽 절단 후 잔여 엽장이 5.0cm 미만인 처리구에서 잔여 엽장이 5.0cm 이상인 처리구보다 높았다. 이는 잔여 엽 길이 가 5.0cm 미만인 처리구에서는 5.0cm 이상인 처리구보다 저 장 중 구 부패를 유발하는 병원균의 감염이 쉬우므로 장기 저 장 시 부패율이 높은 것으로 생각된다. 본 실험 결과와 실험 기 종의 성능 목표(작업 후 잔여 엽장 : 5cm) 및 양파 수확 시 적정 잔여 엽장에 관한 기존의 연구결과 등을 종합적으로 고려할 경우, 본 실험에 사용된 줄기절단기 이용 양파 엽 절단 시 양파 의 적정 잔여 엽장은 5－10cm 정도일 것으로 판단된다.

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, one of the most invasive insect pests, has spread quickly nationwide since it was introduced to South Korea in 2008. The use of insecticides is the main management strategy for this pest, but the control efficiency has been decreased due to insecticide resistance. We collected 12 local B. tabaci populations to investigate the regional differences in efficiency and observed the mortality from 14 commercial insecticides applied at recommended concentrations (RC) and dilutions (0.1 RC and 0.01 RC) using the leaf dipping bioassay. Except for etofenprox (46-64%), thiamethoxam (37-60%), pyriproxyfen (21-61%), and pyridaben (61-65%), the other insecticides showed excellent insecticidal efficacy of 70% to 100% at their RC. In particular, flupyradifurone, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole showed high insecticidal efficacy of over 90% in all of the tested populations. Some insecticides that rapidly decreased in activity (less than 30%) at diluted concentrations or showed high resistance levels in nearby regions were classified for cautious use due to the possibility or potential to develop resistance. The results provide selected insecticides for B. tabaci control by region and could contribute to reducing insecticide abuse and increasing insecticidal efficiency in farming fields.

The key to invasive pest management lies in preemptive action. However, most current research using species distribution models is conducted after an invasion has occurred. This study modeled the potential distribution of the globally notorious sweet potato pest, the sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius), that has not yet invaded Korea using MaxEnt. Using global occurrence data, bioclimatic variables, and topsoil characteristics, MaxEnt showed high explanatory power as both the training and test areas under the curve exceeded 0.9. Among the environmental variables used in this study, minimum temperature in the coldest month (BIO06), precipitation in the driest month (BIO14), mean diurnal range (BIO02), and bulk density (BDOD) were identified as key variables. The predicted global distribution showed high values in most countries where the species is currently present, with a significant potential invasion risk in most South American countries where C. formicarius is not yet present. In Korea, Jeju Island and the southwestern coasts of Jeollanam-do showed very high probabilities. The impact of climate change under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios indicated an expansion along coasts as climate change progresses. By applying the 10th percentile minimum training presence rule, the potential area of occurrence was estimated at 1,439 km2 under current climate conditions and could expand up to 9,485 km2 under the SSP585 scenario. However, the model predicted that an inland invasion would not be serious. The results of this study suggest a need to focus on the risk of invasion in islands and coastal areas.

목적: 디지털 헬스를 이용한 재활치료가 치매환자의 인지 기능, 우울, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 확인한 연구들에 대해 고찰하고 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 국외, 내 데이터베이스를 통해 2010년 1월부터 2022년 5월까지의 연구 중 총 15편의 무작위 대조군 실험연구를 선정하였다. Pedro scale을 통해 문헌의 질을 확인하였고, 디지털 헬스를 이용한 재활치료가 치매환자의 인지 기능, 우울, ADL, IADL, 삶의 질에 미치는 효과크기를 검정하고자 R 4.2.0을 사용하여 효과크기, 통계적 이질성, 출간오류 검정을 실시하였다. 결과: 선정된 15편의 논문의 평균 Pedro scale은 6.4점으로 비교적 높은 편에 속했으며, 15편의 연구는 전산화 인지재활 6편, 가상현실을 이용한 중재 5편, 원격재활 2편, 디지털 회상치료 1편, 로봇 1편으로 구성되었다. 메타분석 결과, 치매환자의 인지 기능(0.30, p = 0.01)과 우울(-0.71, p < 0.0001)에서 중간 효과크기로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 하지만 ADL (0.41, p = 0.26), IADL (0.20, p = 0.34), 삶의 질(0.31, p = 0.11)에서는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 치매환자에게 디지털 헬스를 이용한 재활치료는 인지 기능을 향상시키고 우울을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 인지 기능 감소와 우울 증상을 보이는 치매환자의 재활을 위해 디지털 헬스를 이용한 중재가 활용되기를 기대한다.

To develop customized food products for gastric cancer patients, it is crucial to understand their dietary characteristics and changes in their perception of smell and taste due to their condition. This study conducted in-depth interviews and administered olfactory and gustatory tests on 20 patients with gastric cancer. A control group of 20 healthy, gender and age matched individuals, was included for comparison. Patients reported difficulties in sustaining their appetite, particularly during chemotherapy. This could be attributed to gastrointestinal discomfort and an altered perception of smell and taste. The olfactory test revealed that cancer patients were significantly less sensitive than the control group. Also, a smaller number of participants in the cancer group were reported to have a normal taste function, which enabled them to perceive umami, one of the five basic taste compared to those in the control group. These findings demonstrated that gastric cancer patients experience post-surgical digestive issues, chemotherapy-induced changes in smell and taste, and appetite loss. To improve the quality of life of these patients and the efficacy of the treatment, it is necessary to consider not only their nutritional requirements but also other factors such as appetite loss and discomfort when developing meals specifically for them.

Cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena strains are known to produce 2-MIB (odorous material) in freshwater systems, thereby causing problems in water use. However, their physiological responses to environmental factors in relation with 2-MIB production is not well explored. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the growth and 2-MIB production of Pseudanabaena redekei. The experimental cyanobacteria strains were separated from the Uiam Reservoir (North Han River) and cultured in the BG-11 medium. Temperature was set to 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃ for the experiment, in the reflection of the seasonal water temperature variation in situ. For each temperature treatment, cyanobacterial biomass (Chl-a) and 2-MIB concentration (intra-cellular and extra-cellular fractions) were measured every 2 days for 18 days. Both maximal growth and total 2-MIB production of P. redekei appeared at 30℃. While intra-cellular 2-MIB contents were similar (26~29 ng L-1) regardless of treated temperatures, extra-cellular 2-MIB concentration was higher only in high temperature conditions (25~30℃), indicating that the extents of 2-MIB biosynthesis and release by P. redekei vary with temperature. The 2-MIB productivity of P. redekei was much higher in low-temperature conditions (10~15℃) than high temperature conditions (25~30℃). This study demonstrated that temperature was a critical factor contributing to 2-MIB biosynthesis and its release in cell growth (r=0.605, p<0.01). These results are important to understand the dynamics of 2-MIB in the field and thereby provide basic information for managing odorous material in drinking water resources.

본 연구는 최근 군 조직내에서도 리더십코칭을 도입하여 적용하고 있는 상황 에서 군에서 리더로서 역할을 하고 있는 영관장교들을 대상으로 군 리더십코칭 에 대한 인식유형과 특성파악을 위해 Q 방법론을 활용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 군 리더십 코칭에 관한 Q 모집단을 구성한 후 27문항의 Q 표본인 Q 진 술문을 추출하였고 현역 및 예비역 영관급 장교 36명을 P샘플로 선정하여 27개 의 진술문을 Q 분류를 실시한 후 수집된 자료에 대해 QUANL 프로그램을 활용 하여 주요인에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 군 리더십코칭에 대한 인식은 4개의 유형으로 분류되었으며 ‘개인 과 조직발전 기여형’, ‘군 리더십코칭 발전 추구형’, ‘긍정적 효과 기대형’ 및 ‘조 직문화 발전 기여형’으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 군 리더십코칭에 대한 이해의 범위를 확인하고 군 리더십코칭 에 대한 인식을 토대로 향후, 군 리더십코칭의 발전을 위한 방향을 논의하였다.