북아일랜드의 민족주의 시인으로 알려진 셰이머스 히니는 「산사나무 등」과 「사물의 응시」에서 보편성을 향한 새로운 시적 정체성 찾기의 출발을 예고한다. 히니의 이러한 시도는 「산사나무 등」에서는 자기 성찰과 북아일랜드의 우화적 재현과 같은 객관화 전략으로 드러난다. 또한 「사물의 응시」에서는 경계라는 이미지를 이용하여 북아일랜드의 상황을 고정된 하나의 관점이 아닌 다층적인 관점으로 응시할 것을 이야기한다. 이러한 노력을 통해 히니는 지역주의를 극복하고 보편성에 접근하고자 한다.

본 연구의 목표는 현대 기업경영의 핵심인 디자인리더십을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 어떠한 요소들이 관리되어져야 하는지 또한 브랜드 중심의 디자인리더십을 위해 기업의 모든 부분들이 브랜드의 컨셉에 맞게 설정되어 있는지를 관리할 수 있는 요소와 그에 따른 실행방안들을 제안하는 것이다. 먼저 디자인리더십 관리의 요소로 크게 비전(Vision), 문화(Culture), 플랫폼(Platform)으로 나누고, 각 요소들을 관리하는데 있어 고려해야할 하위요소들을 설정하고 각 요소들에 대한 실행방안을 제시하였다. 다음으로 각 요소들의 실행방안을 인력구조, 브랜드침투 프로그램의 개발, 시간 및 물적 자원의 할당, 아이덴티티프로그램의 적용으로 유형화하였고 유형화한 범주에서 각각의 항목들을 설정하고 항목에 대한 세부 실행방안을 제안하였다. 이는 기업들이 디자인리더십을 실행함에 있어 요소들의 관리가 제대로 이루어지고 있는지에 대한 평가과정을 위한 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있을 것이며 디자이너들이나 관리자들 컨설턴시들에게도 매우 유용한 지침이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Enforcement of the beef traceability system can block the sale of imported beef disguised Hanwoo and help customers to know detailed information of the Hanwoo beef while purchase. This study was carried out to investigate the possibilities of identifying DNA upon various ripening and roasting methods (soy sauce, gochujang sauce, 10% vinegar, 10% coke, 10% Cheongha, 10% Soju, completely burned out, raw, normal roasted, dried, and boiled) employed for beef traceability system. Completely burned out meat could not yied useful DNA in the sample, hence wa not analysed. The amplified peaks in most of the samples appeared equally barring completely burned out meat. However, roasted beef after ripened in soy sauce showed new peaks or deletion of a peaks with two markers. The DNA allele height and the amount of extracted DNA in roasted beef after ripening in 10% Cheongha was found to be higher than those in the raw beef. No significant correlations between DNA allele height and the amount of extracted DNA within the samples was noticed. Also, these results suggest that beef traceability using microsatellite (MS) markers is possible in various roasting beef because of bovine specific MS markers. Therefore, beef traceability system by DNA identify test would give the confidence in food safety and beef distribution system to customers.

An experimental method, based upon wall visualizations, has been developed to observe air flow near a plane wall around a row of five 45° inclined jets discharging into a cross stream. This study concerns the variation of injection rate R which is one of the most important parameters governing this flow type. The Results are concentrated on the spatial evolution of two lobes with R. These structures are fastened to jets downstream edge and exist for very low injection rate values which are an indication of jets takeoff at the immediate downstream of injection orifices. The velocity rate of 0.42 marks a change in the structure alimentation system.

One-step dilution and direct transfer would be a practical technique for the field application of frozen embryo. This study was to examine whether Jeju Black Cattle (JBC, Korean Cattle) can be successfully cloned from vitrified and one-tep diluted somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) blastocyst after direct transfer. For vitrification, JBC-SCNT blastocysts were serially exposed in glycerol (G) and ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures〔10% (v/v) G for 5 min., 10% G plus 20% EG (v/v) for 5 min., and 25% G plus 25% EG (v/v) for 30 sec.〕which is diluted in 10% FBS added D-PBS. And then SCNT blastocysts were loaded in 0.25 ml mini straw, placed in cold nitrogen vapor for 3 min. and then plunged into LN2. One-step dilution in straw was done in 25℃ water for 1 min, by placing vertically in the state of plugged- end up and down for 0.5 min, respectively. When in vitro developmental capacity of vitrified SCNT blastocyst was examined at 48 h after one-step dilution, hatched rate (56.4%) was slightly lower than that of control group (62.5%). In field trial, when the vitrified-thawed SCNT blastocysts were transferred into uterus of synchronized 5 recipients, a cloned female JBC was delivered by natural birth on day 299 and healthy at present. In addition, when the short tandem repeat marker analysis of the cloned JBC was evaluated, microsatellite loci of 11 numbers was perfectly matched genotype with donor cell (BK94-14). This study suggested that our developed vitrification and one-step dilution technique can be applied effectively on field trial for cloned animal production, which is even no longer in existence.

This study was to investigate the effect of flavonoid treatment on in vitro development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, and their pregnancy and delivery rate after embryo transfer into recipient. In experiment 1, to optimize the flavonoid concentration, parthenogenetic day 2 (≥ 2-cell) embryos were cultured in 0 (control), 1, 10 and 20 μM flavonoid for 6 days. In the results, in vitro development rate was the highest in 10 μM flavonoid group (57.1%) among treatment groups (control, 49.5%; 1 μM, 54.2%; 20 μM, 37.5%), and numbers of total and ICM cells were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 10 μM flavonoid group than other groups. We found that 10 μM flavonoid treatment can significantly (p<0.05) decrease the apoptotic index and derive high expression of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, cell growth and development marker genes such as Mn-SOD, Survivin, Bax inhibitor, Glut-5, In-tau, compared to control group. In experiment 2, to produce the cloned Jeju Black Cattle, beef quality index grade 1 bull somatic cells were transferred into enucleated bovine MII oocytes and reconstructed embryos were cultured in 10 μM flavonoid added medium. When the in vitro produced day 7 or 8 SCNT blastocysts were transferred into a number of recipients, 10 μM flavonoid treatment group presented higher pregnancy rate (10.2%, 6/59) than control group (5.9%, 2/34). Total three cloned Jeju Black calves were born. Also, two cloned calves in 10 μM flavonoid group were born and both were all healthy at present, while the one cloned calf born in control group was dead one month after birth. In addition, when the result of short tandem repeat marker analysis of each cloned calf was investigated, microsatellite loci of 11 numbers matched genotype between donor cell and cloned calf tissue. These results demonstrated that the flavonoid addition in culture medium may have beneficial effects on in vitro and in vivo developmental capacity of SCNT embryos and pregnancy rate.

This study was conducted to improve the kimchi intake for high school students of various kimchi sub-ingredients and foods using kimchi. The students believed that kimchi is good for health. The overall satisfaction, baechu quality and the taste and degree of fermentation of kimchi was high, but there was a low preference for offered kimchi kinds, kimchi subingredient, foods using kimchi. The types of kimchi preferred and often offered in school meals were baechu-kimchi and kkakdugi. The common kimchi sub-ingredients were radish and welsh onion in vegetables, squid and oyster in sea foods, saeu-jeot and myeolchi-jeot in salted fish, and pear and apple in fruits. The preference for kimchi sub-ingredients were high for sesame leaf and yeolmu in vegetables, saeu-sal and squid in sea foods, saeu-jeot and nakji-jeot in salted fish, and pear and apple in fruits. The foods using kimchi preferred and often offered with school meals were kimchi-jjigae, bokkeumkimchi, kimchi soup, kimchi-bokkeum-bap, and kimchi-jeon. The kimchi sub-ingredient for which students had the greatest preference was meats. Among the foods using kimchi with meats, the most preferred were kimchi-pyeonyuk bossam, doejigogi kimchi duruchigi, and kimchi galbi-jjim. Among the foods using kimchi with noodles, the most preferred were kimchi- bibimmyeon, kimchi -naengmyeon, and kimchi-cheese spaghetti. Among the foods using kimchi with vegetables, the most preferred were kimchi-pa-jeon, kimchi- deopbap and kimchi- goguma gui. Of the foods using kimchi with processed foods, the most preferred were kimchi-mandu, kimchi-bacon jumeok-bap and kimchi- cheese omelet. Among the foods using kimchi containing sea food, kimchi-haemul bokkeum-bap, kimchi-hoe-deopbap, and kimchi-saeu-jjim were most preferred. Overall, these results suggest that various kimchi sub-ingredients and foods using kimchi should be improved for kimchi intake of school meals.

본 연구는 정신내적 어려움을 겪고 있는 학교부적응 아동에게 대상관계이론을 적용하여 상담한 사례를 분석하였다. 본 사례는 내담자의 부모와의 과거 경험을 탐색하여 어린 시절에 형성된 분열된 대상관계가 현재의 대인관계에 미친 영향을 분석하고 이를 새로이 통합시키고자 하였다. 내담자는 가족 내에서 부모의 무의식적 가정을 확인하였고 그 결과 어떠한 부정적인 소인을 가지게 되었는지 인식하게 되었다. 18회에 걸친 상담을 통하여 내담자의 많은 부분을 의식의 세계로 옮겨오고 표출할 수 있었으며 내담자는 부분적으로 통합된 대상관계를 내재화하였다.

본 연구에서는 Pavitt(1984)의 산업별 기술혁신패턴론을 토대로 한국 제조업의 산업별 혁신원천과 기술혁신패턴을 비교 분석하였다. 이에 따라 과학기술정책연구원 「2005 년 기술혁신활동조사표: 제조업」DB 자료를 사용하여 공급자지배산업, 생산집약적산업, 과 학기반산업으로 구분하고 계량모형을 이용하여 실증 분석하였는데, 주요 실증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 혁신정보의 원천 측면에서 공급자지배산업에서는 기업외부정보의 혁신 기여도가 높고, 과학기반산업과 생산집약적 산업에서는 기업내부정보의 혁신 기여도가 높았다. 둘째 외부지식활용방식 측면에서는 공급자지배산업에서는 외부지식구매, 과학기반산업에서는 공 동개발, 생산집약적 산업에서는 외부지식구매와 공동개발이 혁신성과에 기여하는 것으로 나 타났다. 셋째 외부기관과의 지식연계 측면에서는 공급자 지배산업은 공급업체, 생산집약적 산업은 고객업체, 과학기반산업에서는 대학 ; 연구기관과의 연계가 기술혁신에 긍정적인 영 향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 과학기반산업은 산학연 지식연계, 생산 집약적 산업은 기업간 지식연계, 공급자지배산업은 외부지식의 흡수능력 배양 등 산업별 기 술패턴을 고려한 혁신지원정책이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻고 있다.

Adoxophyes spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are economically important pests of fruit trees in Asia and Europe. The geographical distribution of three Adoxophyes species, A. orana, A. honmai and A. paraorana, in Korea was surveyed using species-specific sex pheromone traps for males in 2006 and 2007. The distribution of A. orana was restricted in the midwestern area, while A. honmai was found mainly in the southern area. In contrast to these two species, A. paraorana was widely distributed. Moreover, A. paraorana coexisted with A. orana in the midwestern area, and with A. honmai in the southern area. The seasonal fluctuation of male catches was monitored with pheromone traps in 2008. In the central regions, males of A. orana and A. paraorana were captured from May to September, with peak numbers in late May, middle July, and late August. A. honmai males were trapped from late April to late September, with peak catches in middle May, late June, early August, and early September in Naju.

수수(Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) 잡종의 미량(微量) 광물질(鑛物質) 함량에 미치는 정수장(淨水場) 슬러지의 영향에 관해 조사를 했는데, 이번 보고는 니켈 성분의 분석에 관한 것이다. 대조구(對照區), 부숙(腐熟)시킨 정수장 슬러지, 정수장 슬러지+질소－인산－칼륨 비료, 부숙시킨 슬러지+질소, 인산, 칼륨 비료의 4가지를 처리로 하였고, 1, 3, 5시간 예열(豫熱) 시간이 실험 조건이었다. 5시간 이후의 조건에서 백그라운드의 값이