The role of Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene is critical for lipid metabolism and for maintaining homeostasis in adipocytes. Association between Hanwoo carcass traits and FABP4 gene g.7516G>C SNP has been reported previously, however, its association and how does it influence Korean brindle and black cattle has not been demonstrated and established till date. For this purpose, the study was planned to analyze the SNP association (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) (g.7516G>C) in FABP4 gene and gather genetic information on economic traits of Korean brindle cattle and black cattle. As per sequence of bovine FABP4 gene available (Genbank accession No. NC_007312.4), one pair of primers (5’-ATA TAG TCC ATA GGG TGG CAA AGA-3’ and 5’-AAC CTC TCT TTG AAT TCT CCA TTC T-3’) was designed to amplify a 452bp product of the FABP4 gene including the region of 7417–7868. The SNP, detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods using restriction enzyme MspA1I, was genotyped in 117 animals of brindle cattle and 24 animals of black cattle population. Statistical analysis revealed that the FABP4 genotype significantly (p<0.05) affect with carcass weight, but there was no significant association with any other economic traits was observed in brindle as well as in black cattle. In conclusion, these results suggested that SNP (g.7516G>C), located in FABP4 gene, could be used as important DNA marker of economic traits in Korean brindle cattle. Furthermore, we suggest that additional samples needs to further analysed to make related data exclusively authentic.

The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic interrelationships between economic or meat quality traits (birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain, market weight, carcass weight, backfat thickness, water, ash, fat, protein, water holding capacity and pH) and 6 SNPs located on six selected candidate genes (MC4R, PGK2, TNNI1, TNNI2, PIK3C3, and CTSK) in Korean native pigs. The genotypes were identified in the 6 SNPs by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) procedure, and association of the genotype on economically important traits was analyzed by general liner model. According to the analyzed results, the MC4R c.1426A>G was correlated with birth weight (p=0.032) and the PGK2 g.122T>G was associated with pH (p=0.026). These findings obtained in the present revealed that the each SNPs of MC4R and PGK2 could be useful as potential genetic markers for birth weight and pH in Korean native pigs, respectively.

The melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R) gene is expressed in the hypothalamus and regulates energy intake and body weight. Recently, it has been reported that obesity and energy balance in human were also regulated by the MC4R gene. Therefore the objective of this study was to identify the polymorphism on the MC4R gene SNP C1786T and its association with economic traits in Korean native cattle (brindle and black cattle) by PCR-RFLP. A total of 125 cattle from the two breeds were tested for economic traits (meat quality index, backfat, thickness, carcass weight, longissimus muscle area and marbling score) and data was analyzed using SAS program. In the results, C allele had highest frequency than G allele frequency in the both breeds and the gene was significantly associated with meat quantity index and backfat thickness in brindle cattle breed. However, in black cattle, the gene was significantly associated with longissimus muscle area (p<0.05). These results suggest that C1786T SNP of the MC4R gene may be useful as a genetic marker for economic traits in the brindle and black cattle.

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of artificial insemination (AI) failure in 1,619 Korean native cows at Gangwon East area, Korea. The average AI failure rate was 37.02% in the cows and the highest rate was 40.85% in Yangyang-city. Based on the parity in the cows, the AI failure rate was 49.14% and 29.91% in the first and fifth parity cows, respectively. Whereas cows until fifth parity were decreased in AI failure, cows with sixth or more parity showed an upturning AI failure trends with the increasing of parity number. AI failure rate incidence according to the rump fat thickness measured by ultrasound was 28.9% and 33.4% at 5 mm to 10 mm and over than 15 mm, respectively. There was a positive correlation (0.2186) between AI failure rate of mother and that of their offspring cows. That is, offspring of dams with high AI failure rate showed also higher AI failure than those of dams having lower AI failure rate. In conclusion, these results indicate that the AI failure rate was closely related to the rump fat thickness, parity number, and conception rate of mother cows. In addition, these results might strengthen the basis to improve the reproductive performance in Korean native cows.

본 연구는 mushroom complete medium(MCM) 액체배지에 수삼 추출물(GE, 65°Bx)을 첨가하여 면역활성이 증진된 노루궁뎅이버섯(Hericium erinaceum) 균사체를 배양하고, 균사체로부터 활성다당성분을 분획하고자 하였다. MCM에 대하여 GE를 5, 10과 15%(v/v) 첨가한 액체배지에서 균사체를 배양하고, 각각의 조다당획분(HE-GE-5-CP, HE-GE-10-CP와 HE-GE-15-CP)으로 분획하여 면역활성을 측정한 결과, HE-GE-10-CP는 HE-GE-5-CP와 HE-GE-15-CP보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, GE를 첨가하지 않은 MCM에서 배양된 균사체 조다당획분(HE-CP)보다 유의적으로 증진된 면역활성을 나타내었다. 또한, HE-GE-10-CP의 DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B 분획물 중 가장 높은 활성을 나타낸 HE-GE-10-CP-II획분은 대조군인 HE-CP의 어떠한 획분보다도 유의적으로 높은 면역활성과 암 전이 억제활성을 나타내었다. 한편, 활성획분인 HE-GE-10-CP-II는 arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose와 uronic acid(molar ratio; 0.34:0.26:0.99:1.00:0.39)로 구성되어 있으나, 대조군인 HE-CP의 동일용매 용출획분으로서 HE-GE-10-CP-II보다는 활성이 낮은 HE-CP-II는 fucose, mannose, galactose와 glucose(molar ratio; 0.32:0.55:1.00:0.96)를 함유하여 다른 구성당 분포를 나타내었다. 따라서 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체 액체배양에서 수삼 추출물 첨가는 균사체의 구성당 변화를 통한 면역활성 증진에 관여하는 것으로 사료되어 기능성 소재 개발에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

Osteoarthritis is one of the commonest causes associated with age-related damage of articular cartilage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in osteoarthritic patient. However, long term administration of these drugs results gastrointestinal disorders. Though, most studies have demonstrated in the past that bee venom has therapeutic effect on diseases related to inflammation and pains, but its anti-inflammatory properties have not been so far studied on inflamed chondrocytes (LPS induced) invitro. For the purpose, the study was carried out to determine the effect of bee venom on porcine articular chondrocyte cell using microarray. In this study, we found that 2,235 significantly associated gene (1,404 up-regulated genes and 831 down-regulated genes) that were expressed on inflamed and non inflamed chondrocytes during proliferation. Among the 1,404 up-regulated genes and 831 down-regulated genes, known genes were 372 and 237, respectively. On the other hand, bee venom significantly reduced expression of fetuin involved in acute inflammatory reaction. Our results suggest that this study could be useful database in gene expression profiling of chondrocyte cell treated with bee venom.

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) gene plays important role in fatty acid composition. In order to find marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improving the economic trait, this study was performed to identify the 878T>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on SCD1 gene. Three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were detected in 878T>C SNP of SCD1 gene from 103 Hanwoo population by polymorphism chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and economic traits were analyzed by general linear model. The frequency of allele C and T was 0.534 and 0.466, also the genotype frequency of CC, CT and TT was 0.252, 0.563, and 0.184, respectively in the Hanwoo population. The TT genotype of SCD1 gene showed a significantly higher measures (p<0.05) of carcass weight (CW) than CT, CC genotype. No significant association was detected between genotype and other economic trait (marbling, backfat thickness, and longissimus muscle area) in this study. The results revealed that SCD1 gene 878T>C SNP could be useful for effective MAS to increase the economic quality in Hanwoo population.

This study was carried out to investigate artificial insemination (AI) failure status and frozen semen characteristics in Korean proven bulls‘ number (KPN) semen used for AI of Hanwoo cows in Gangwon East region (Gangneung, Donghae, Taebaek, Samcheok, Sokcho, Yangyang, Goseong). Among semen used for AI, AI failure rate showed lowest at KPN506 (27.6%), whereas highest at KPN593 (77.2%). Correlations of AI failure in between Korean proven bulls semen and cows was 0.2941, which means that AI failure rate of Korean proven bulls semen may have respectable effect on reproduction of Hanwoo cow. In addition, present study was conducted to investigate spermatozoal viability rate, ruptured acrosome rate and active mitochondria in frozen Korean proven bulls semen with flow cytometry. The semen of KPN593 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher viability rate in KPN593 (30.49%) than that in KPN637 (37.34%). Furthermore, percentage of ruptured acrosome was lower in KPN637 as 21.37% than in KPN637 (21.37%), but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, these results indicate that choice of Korean proven bulls semen may correlate positively with conception rate in Hanwoo cow. Therefore, KPN with high AI failure rate might be avoid to increase conception rate and characteristics of frozen semen might be evaluated before its use for AI.

Myopalladin (MYPN) is an important expression gene associated with regulation of Z-line structure in muscle and maintains sarcomeric integrity. In this study, we investigated the association between MYPN A1795G SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and carcass traits (LMA, longissimus muscle area; CW, carcass weight; BF, backfat thickness; MS, marbling score) in Korean cattle. The MYPN A1795G SNP was genotyped in 212 steers and analyzed the associations with carcass traits by PCR-RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. The allele frequencies were 0.566 for G allele and 0.434 for A allele. And the genotype frequencies of GG, GA, and AA genotype were 32.1%, 49%, and 18.9%, respectively. Association analysis indicated that the A1795G SNP of MYPN gene showed a significant association with LMA (p<0.05). The steers with GG genotype had higher LMA than those with the genotypes AA. But no significant associations were observed in other carcass traits (CW, BF, MS). The steers with the GG genotype showed higher CW and BF than those with the genotypes AA and GA. These results suggest that the A1795G SNP of the MYPN gene is associated with LMA and may be useful for candidate marker-assisted selection to increase the levels of LMA in Korean cattle.

이 연구는 한국 경찰영화의 서사관습과 경찰이미지를 분석하고 사회적 맥락에서 그 의미를 고찰하였다 이를 위해 . 90년대부터 현재까지 흥행에 성공한 대표적인 경찰 영화 여덟 편을 대상으로, 통합체적 요소인 플롯과 계열체적 요소인 인물을 중심으로서사구조를 분석 하였다. 이들 영화의 서사구조가 담는 사회문화적 함의에 따라 크게 세 단계를 거쳐 진화하고 있음을 보여준다. 첫 번째 유형은 경찰을 경제적 약자로 그린다. 군사정권이 물러나고 정치적 권력 대신 경제적 자본이 사회의 중심을 차지하면서 경찰의 모습 역시 정치적 측면보다 경제적 측면에 초점을 맞추어 재현된 것이다. 서민영웅으로서의 경찰을 그린 두 번째 유형은 불합리한 경제적 사회구조에 집중한 첫 번째 유형에서 나아가 사회 전체의 구조적 모순을 탐색한다. 이 유형에서 한국사회는 허울 좋은 민주화와 경제적 안정의 이면에 부조리한 시스템이 작동하는 약육강식의 사회이다. 이 같은 사회에서 경찰이 영웅으로서 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 시스템에 의존하지 않고 개인의 폭력적 힘과 끈기로 범죄자를 따라잡을 수밖에 없다. 실패한 서민으로서의 경찰을 그리는 세 번째 유형은 경찰이 사회의 구조적 문제로 인해 결국 범죄자를 잡지 못하는 플롯을 전개한다. 두 번째 유형에 이미 나타난 사회구조의 한계를 표면으로 드러내며, 경찰의 힘으로 사회적 안정을 가져올 수 있다는 신화 마저 무력화시킨다. 이 같이 세 가지 유형을 거쳐 진화해 온 한국의 경찰영화는 90년대 이후 서민의 삶을 주인공인 경찰에 투영하면서, 한국의 대중과 공명하고 있다.

본 논문에서는 철근콘크리트 구조물과 같이 강성저감으로 인해 낮은 에너지 소산능력을 갖는 구조물의 제진성능을 비선형시간이력해석을 통해 조사하였다. 원구조물은 modified Takeda 이력모델을 갖는 단자유도시스템으로 이상화하였고, 완전탄소성 모델로 이력감쇠장치를 모델링하였다. 수치해석결과의 통계를 기초로 등가선형화에 의한 제진응답 평가의 적용성을 검증하였고, 제진보강 구조물의 응답예측을 위한 경험식을 제시하였다. 결과적으로 등가선형화를 통한 변위응답 평가보다는 본 연구에서 제시한 경험식을 이용하여 요구연성도를 추정하는 것이 더 정확하다. 경험식에서 얻어진 적정 감쇠기 항복강도는 완전탄소성시스템에 대한 최적 항복강도와는 상당한 차이를 가진다. 획득 가능한 연성도 저감효과는 원구조물의 고유주기가 짧을수록, 지진의 상대적 강도가 약할수록 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

국내에 아직 많이 이용되지 않는 식물 중 실외 정원의 화분에서 봄부터 가을까지 잘 견뎌낼 수 있는 자생식물을 조사하기 위해 2007년부터 2009년까지 한국 30여 지역을 탐사하였다. 일반적인 화분(직경 27.5 cm ×높이 27.5 cm) 과 걸이용 화분(직경 27.5 cm ×높이 13 cm)에 식물을 채 취하여 심거나 파종하여 충남 성환(북위 36´´56´ 동경 127´´09´)의 정원에서 재배하여 생육이 좋은 것으로 파 악된 자생식물은 일반적인 화분용으로는 13과 29속 38종 (초본식물 37종류, 목본식물 1종류)이었으며, 걸이용 화 분용으로는 28과 43속 46종(초본식물 29종류, 목본식물 17종류)이었다. 이 중 이용 가능성이 가장 높을 것으로 기대되는 식물은, 일반적인 화분에는 박주가리과의 박 주가리, 도라지과의 염아자, 국화과의 인진쑥ㆍ사자발쑥ㆍ 물쑥, 사초과의 가는그늘사초, 화본과의 수크령ㆍ강아지풀, 꿀풀과의 배초향ㆍ긴병꽃풀ㆍ꽃향유ㆍ산박하ㆍ들깨풀, 콩 과의 털갈퀴나물, 후추과의 후추등, 장미과의 분홍찔레의 16종이었고, 걸이용 화분용으로는 박주가리과의 박주가 리, 국화과의 좀씀바귀, 메꽃과의 메꽃ㆍ둥근잎유홍초, 마과의 마, 꿀풀과의 긴병꽃풀ㆍ백리향, 콩과의 제주달구 지풀ㆍ털갈퀴나물, 방기과의 새모래덩굴, 후추과의 후추 등, 미나리아재비과의 긴잎으아리, 장미과의 분홍찔레, 양 지꽃, 꼭두서니과의 계요등, 꼭두서니, 포도과의 담쟁이 덩굴 18종이었다.

In this study, genotyping was executed by using 11 microsatellite markers (BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, ETH3, INRA23, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA227, TGLA53, and TGLA126) for diversity of 214 Hanwoo cows in Hoengseong area. Each marker's size and number of allele, observed heterozygosity, expected total heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were analyzed by 11 Microsatellite marker. The average of size range was detected from 150.9 to 174.9 in Hanwoo cows of Hoengseong. The number of average allele was 10.0 that is similar to the average of Kangwon Hanwoo, which is known as 10.5 in the previous report. The average were 0.751 for observed heterozygosity, 0.760 for expected total heterozygosity, 0.725 for polymorphism information content, respectively. These results were similar to previous studies in Kangwon Hanwoo, National Hanwoo and Korean Proven Bulls. This study is expected to contribute for genetic improvement of Hanwoo cows in Hoengseong as a popular brand.

본 논문에서는 선박 내 무선통신을 위한 무선랜용 미엔더 라인 안테나를 개발할 것이며, IEEE 802.11a에서 제정한 WLAN 대역인 2.4 ∼ 2.46 GHz와 5.15 ∼ 5.35 GHz 대역을 만족할 수 있는 안테나를 설계한다. 안테나는 32⨉16㎟의 기판에 설계되었으며, 설계한 안테나의 특징은 무선랜 공진주파수 대역에서의 정합을 만족한다. 직사각형 패치의 길이를 조정함으로써 두 개의 공진 주파수를 얻을 수 있었으며, 얻어 진 임피던스 대역은 2.4GHz에서 12%, 5GHZ에서 45.3%의 특성을 보였다. 또한 공진주파수 대역에서 비교적 양호한 방사패턴과 안테나 이득을 얻을 수 있었다.

본 논문에서는 FCC(연방 통신위원회)에서 지정한 UWB(Ultra-wideband)주파수 대역(3.1~10.6[GHz])을 만족하는 해상용 무선통신 UWB용 원형 슬롯 패치 안테나를 설계하였다. 제안된 안테나는 광대역화를 위해 원형 패치 안에 반원 슬롯을 삽입하였으며, 유전율은 4.4, 두께 가 2mm인 FR-4 기판으로 설계하였다. 제안된 안테나는 -10dB 이하에서 양호한 반사 손실을 나타내었고 UWB 전대역에서 정재파비 2이하를 만족하였다.

본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 패치 RFID 태그 안테나를 제안하였다. 안테나는 짧은 스트립과 오픈 스터브, 패치, 그라운드로 구성되어있다. 제안된 안테나는 FR-4기찬을 사용하였고, 유전율은 3.5, 탄젠트 손실은 0.02이다. 전체적인 안테나의 크기는 길이가 100mm, 넓이는 26mm, 높이는 6mm이다. 기판의 두께는 5.93mm, 그라운드와 패치의 두께는 0.035mm이다. 제안된 안테나의 중심주파수는 UHF대역인 915MHz에서 형성하고 있다.