TiAlN films were deposited on WC-5Co substrates with different buffer layers by D.C. magnetron sputtering. The films were evaluated by microstructural observations and measuring of preferred orientation, hardness value, and adhesion force. As a process variable, various buffer layers were used such as TiAlN single layer, TiAlN/TiAl, TiAlN/TiN and TiAlN/CrN. TiAlN coating layer showed columnar structures which grew up at a right angle to the substrates. The thickness of the TiAlN coating layer was about 1.8μm, which was formed for 200 minutes at 300˚. XRD analysis showed that the preferred orientation of TiAlN layer with TiN buffer layer was (111) and (200), and the specimens of TiAlN/TiAl, TiAlN/CrN, TiAlN single layer have preferred orientation of (111), respectively. TiAlN single layer and TiAlN/TiAl showed good adhesion properties, showing an over 80N adhesion force, while TiAlN/TiN film showed approximately 13N and the TiAlN/CrN was the worst case, in which the layer was destroyed because of high internal residual stress. The value of micro vickers hardness of the TiAlN single layer, TiAlN/TiAl and TiAlN/TiN layers were 2711, 2548 and 2461 Hv, respectively.

In this study, BaTiO3 thin films were grown by RF-magnetron sputtering, and the effects of a post-annealing process on the structural characteristics of the BaTiO3 thin films were investigated. For the crystallization of the grown thin films, post-annealing was carried out in air at an annealing temperature that varied from 500-1000˚C. XRD results showed that the highest crystal quality was obtained from the samples annealed at 600-700˚C. From the SEM analysis, no crystal grains were observed after annealing at temperatures ranging from 500 to 600˚C; and 80 nm grains were obtained at 700˚C. The surface roughness of the BaTiO3 thin films from AFM measurements and the crystal quality from Raman analysis also showed that the optimum annealing temperature was 700˚C. XPS results demonstrated that the binding energy of each element of the thin-film-type BaTiO3 in this study shifted with the annealing temperature. Additionally, a Ti-rich phenomenon was observed for samples annealed at 1000˚C. Depth-profiling analysis through a GDS (glow discharge spectrometer) showed that a stoichiometric composition could be obtained when the annealing temperature was in the range of 500 to 700˚C. All of the results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate that an annealing temperature of 700˚C results in optimal structural properties of BaTiO3 thin films in terms of their crystal quality, surface roughness, and composition.

There are many Korea companies who are introducing many kinds of management renovation methods in order to attain more management achievement. So many personnels under CEO are frying to change themselves to fit those kinds of management renovation methods. Now, all kinds of books for supervisors have published, but it is not easy for those supervisors to understand those books as those books do not fit for their own companies situation. The best management methods in the best companies in U.S.A. actually can not be well introduced in Korea. So, the management methods should be changed with the environment's changing. Therefore, the company management is the process to suit the continue changing environment.

Uncertainty evaluation was performed for the measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC) in indoor air. The analytical procedure and result were validated by evaluating every uncertainty source related to the measurement method. An easy approach for uncertainty evaluation for indoor VOC measurement was tested using relative standard uncertainty method which is simple in the evaluation of a measurement uncertainty in case of indoor VOC measurement. The measurement uncertainties of toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene, styrene and o-xylene in indoor air are obtained as less than or close to 10%, and those results were validated by using Gum-workbench uncertainty evaluation program. Based on the evaluation, uncertainties were found to come largely from two major sources, uncertainty related to the concentration of standard Tenax tube which was used for calibration in measurement, and the to air sampling process. This study could be used as a good example in evaluating uncertainties in the measurement of indoor-air VOC at buildings including a newly-built apartment.

Amino acid transporters are essential for the growth and proliferation in all living cells. Among the amino acid transporters, the system L amino acid transporters are the major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is over-expressed to support cell growth in malignant tumors. The double stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) analysis can be in a wide variety of eukaryotes to induce the sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression. In this study, we examined the effect of LAT1 short interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell growth using siRNA of LAT1 in the KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma. In the RT-PCR analysis and western blot analysis, the siRNA of LAT1 inhibited expressions of LAT1 mRNA and protein. The uptake of [14C]L-leucine was inhibited by siRNA of LAT1. In the MTT assay, the siRNA of LAT1 inhibited the growth of the KB cells in the time-dependent manner, indicating that the growth inhibition of KB cell by the siRNA of LAT1 is induced by the blocking of neutral amino acid transport mediated by LAT1. These results suggest that the transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into the KB human oral squamous cell carcinoma is mediated mainly by LAT1. Further, the LAT1 would be a new target for the inhibition of cancer cell growth.

모기기피제로 사용되고 있는 에어로졸제 4개, 액제 3개, 그리고 로션제 1개 제품에 대하여 흰줄숲모기(Aedes albopictus)와 빨간집모기(Culex pipiens pallens)의 기피력을 조사하고, 기피 주성분인 DEET의 함량을 분석하였다. 쥐를 대상으로 했을 때 흰줄숲모기는 빨간집모기에 비해 흡혈 공격력이 높았으며, 흡혈 대상으로는 쥐(mouse)보다 사람의 손을 더 선호하였다. 쥐를 이용한 모기기피제의 기피력 평가에서, C 제품, G 제품, H 제품이 높은 기피력을 나타냈다. 이들 기피제를 사람 손을 흡혈대상으로 평가한 결과, 3개 약제 모두 2시간 동안은 100%의 기피효과를 나타내었으나 그 이후는 떨어줬으며, C 제품이 효과가 좋았다. GC를 통한 DEET의 분석에서 8종 모기기피제의 내용물 100 g 중량 내 7.31 g에서 38.9 g으로 제품 내 다양한 함량을 나타내었으며, 제품 내 처리된 DEET의 함량과 기피력의 상관관계는 정비례하지 않았다. 면포를 이용한 DEET 잔존량 대비 모기 기피력 평가에서 DEET의 함량이 약 40% 이하로 떨어지면서 흰줄숲모기의 흡혈이 이루어지기 시작했다.

본 연구는 자연공원의 각 휴양자원이 이용적합성에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 합리적인 자연공원 휴양자원의 관리에 필요한 지식을 제공함을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 11점 등간척도의 점수부과체계에 따라 자연공원 6개소에서 총 385명의 이용자를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 평가하였으며, 다중회귀분석 방법으로 검정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) 지형, 사회적 자원. 문화적 자원, 경관, 향기.색.소리가 5%의 유의수준에서 이용적합성에 통계적 유의성이 있는 것으로 판명되었으며. 이들 자원의 수준이 우수할수록 자연공원 휴양자원의 전체적인 이용적 합성이 높아지는 것으로 판명되었다. 2) 휴양자원 중에서 이용적합성의 값의 변화에 영향력이 가장 큰 것은 지형이었다. 3) 자연공원의 휴양자원들 중에서 이용적합성에 대한 상대적 기여도의 크기는 문화적 자원을 1.00으로 할 때. 이에 비해 향기.색.소리는 1.05배. 사회적 자원은 1.56배. 경관은 2.16배. 지형은 2.70배 더 중요한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 휴양자원의 평가와 관리의 우선순위를 결정하기 위한 하나의 기준으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Korean peoples have been the god of 'Cho-Wang' and believed the god that control the food in the kitchen and well-being of home. There were many charms related to the kitchen. The striation of 'Kama' was especially peculier in the charms. The word of 'Kama' means hair striation of head and also means cooking kettle. Other charms related to food were also reviewed.

There is the picture of four gods(四神圖) painted on the wall of old tomb of Koguryo dynasty in 4~5 century. Four gods in this picture were Symbolized by four animals, tortoise, tiger, ryong which is imaginative large Snake, and bong hwang which is also imaginative birds. Those animals wese believed at that time as protecting geities against all of the haman disaster and evils. The peoples of Kojosun dynasty carried those animal charms, and painted or graved on some where of living environment such as furniture, utensils, tools, wall, ceiling, etc. They ate those animals as food or medicine to treatment of all disieses and to get rid of evils and to gain well-being. A lot of examples in historical records were cited and interrelated to above super stitions.

본 연구는 토착인 최초의 목사안수자 가운데 한 명인 김기범(金箕範)의 생애와 그 목회적 성격을 살펴보는데 그 주요한 목적이 있다. 19세기 말, 기독교 복음을 수용한 김기범은 미감리회의 전도인 직첩을 받고 오늘날의 인천을 중심으로 활동했던 초기 한국 개신교의 토착지도자였다. 복음전도를 향한 열정과 성실, 그리고 그 능력은 일찍이 선교사들로부터 인정을 받을 정도였다. 그 결과 1901년 5월, 그는 동료 김창식과 함께 한국 개신교 역사에 있어 첫 번째 목사가 되는 명예를 얻는다. 그러나 병약했던 탓에 그는 지속해서 목회하기가 어려웠다. 때로는 선교사 혹은 교인들과의 갈등 도 있었다. 결국 김기범은 1912년 미감리회 한국연회에서 학습인 과정을 탈락함과 동시에 제명처분을 받았다. 이후 미감리회에서 그의 존재는 잊혀졌다. 그러한 이유로 김기범은 그동안 한국교회에서 크게 주목받지 못했다. 본 연구는 이점을 염두에 두고 김기범의 생애 복원에 주된 관심을 둔다. 동시에 그의 목회적 성격도 어떠했는지 함께 파악해 보도록 한다.

규모가 큰 지진이 발생함에 따라 발전소 내 비구조요소인 전기설비들이 전도등으로 인한 손상으로 제기능을 하지 못하는 사례가 있어 비구조요소의 고정부에 대한 내진성능평가가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 비구조요소의 고정부로 사용되는 후설치 앵커볼트 M10 사이즈를 대상으로 하였으며 균열 발생에 따른 성능을 비교하기 위해 인위적인 균열을 발생시켜 동적인발 성능 평가를 수행하였다. 실험은 ACI 355.2에 근거하여 정적인발성능 실험을 통해 구한 평균 최대하중의 50% 하중 10회, 37.5% 하중 30회, 25% 하중 100회 반복가력 후 정적성능시험을 수행하였다.

Cell based grid data of future temperature and precipitation produced with four RCP scenarios were converted into polygon based data for administrative districts using three simple vectorizing methods; (1) KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based, (2) areal ratio based and (3) central point based methods. The results were compared the existed KMA areal weight based methods to identify which methods were more efficient than others. Simple statistical methods such descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and Bland & Altman plots (B&A) were used to compare agreements between them. When central point and areal ratio based methods were applied to administrative districts of Eup-Myeon-Dong or some Gus, NULLs were found because their sizes are smaller than the cell of 1x1 km. Therefore, KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based methods were better when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the cell size. For Do and Metropolitan cities, there were no greater differences among methods except for the KMA Dong- Nae forecast points. The greater the areas of administrative districts the more distortions from the KMA Dong-Nae forecast points because only KMA Dong-Nae forecast one point were used for the calculation. In conclusion, the KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based method was appropriate when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the grid cell. For the greater areal sizes such as Do and Metropolitan cities, areal ratio and central point based methods were better.

The damage caused by the earthquake is not only the structural damage, but also the damage caused by the functional damage of the non - structural element. However, the criteria for seismic design for non - structural elements such as electrical panels are insufficient compared to those for seismic design for structural damage. In this study, the performance of the anchor bolt connecting between electric panel and concrete slabs installed in a power plant according to the occurrence of crack was investigated by experiment.

If the MR fluid damper does not work, the magnetic powder (carbonyl iron powder) will sediment. To overcome this problem, we developed an EMR (Enhanced Magneto Rheological Fluid) fluid and evaluated control performance. For the dynamic load test using MR fluid and EMR fluid was conducted to evaluate control power and DR (Dynamic Range). In the damper performance test, the current was tested at intervals of 0.5A from 0.0A to 2.5A, and the control power of the EMR fluid was 84% compared to the control power of the MR fluid, The DR of the EMR Damper was 7.5. When the DR is 5.0 or higher, it is generally used as a semi-active control device. Therefore, the EMR fluid has proved its usability as a semi-active control device by showing 7.5 DR to 76% control performance of existing MR damper.