This study was conducted to investigate the current status of seagrass species in the Nakdong River estuary from May to June 2023. To survey the seagrass habitat area, the Nakdong River estuary was divided into seven zones. Aerial photography using drones was conducted to find seagrass areas, GPS tracking was carried out on foot in the intertidal zone and by boat and SCUBA diving in the subtidal zone. To analyze the seagrass status, we measured the morphological characteristics, shoot density, and biomass of representative seagrass species in each zone. Four seagrass species were found in this area: Zostera japonica, Z. marina, Ruppia maritima, and Phyllospadix japonicus. The distribution areas of each species was 338.2 ha, 92.9 ha, 0.9 ha, and 1.4 ha, respectively, with a total area of 432.5 ha. Z. japonica was widely distributed in most of the tidal flats and mudflats of the Nakdong River estuary, while Z. marina was restricted to Nulcha-do, Jinu-do, and Dadae-dong. R. maritima occurred within the habitat of Z. japonica in Eulsukdo and Myeongji mudflats, and P. japonicus inhabited rocky areas in Dadae-dong. The shoot density of each species was 4,575.8±338.3 shoots m-2, 244.8±12.0 shoots m-2, 11,302.1±290.0 shoots m-2, and 2862.5±153.5 shoots m-2, respectively. The biomass of each species was 239.7±18.5 gDW m-2, 362.3±20.5 gDW m-2, 33.3±1.2 gDW m-2, and 1,290.0±37.0 gDW m-2, respectively. The results of this study revealed that Z. japonica was dominant in the Nakdong River estuary. In particular, Z. japonica habitats of Eulsukdo, Daema-deung, and Myeongji mudflats were identified as the largest in Korea. The Nakdong River estuary is an important site of ecological, environmental, and economic value, and will require continuous investigation and management of the native seagrasses.

In factory automation, efforts are being made to increase productivity while maintaining high-quality products. In this study, a CNN network structure was designed to quickly and accurately recognize a cigarette located in the opposite direction or a cigarette with a loose end in an automated facility rotating at high speed for cigarette production. Tobacco inspection requires a simple network structure and fast processing time and performance. The proposed network has an excellent accuracy of 96.33% and a short processing time of 0.527 msec, showing excellent performance in learning time and performance compared to other CNN networks, confirming its practicality. In addition, it was confirmed that efficient learning is possible by increasing a small number of image data through a rotation conversion method.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to develop the data driven pavement condition index by considering the traffic and climatic characteristics in Incheon city. METHODS : The Incheon pavement condition index (IPCI) was proposed using the weighted sum concept with standardization and coefficient of variation for measured pavement performance data, such as crack rate, rut depth, and International Roughness Index (IRI). A correlation study between the National Highway Pavement Condition Index (NHPCI) and Seoul Pavement Condition Index (SPI) was conducted to validate the accuracy of the IPCI. RESULTS : The equation for determining the IPCI was developed using standardization and the coefficient of variation for the crack rate, rut depth, and IRI collected in the field. It was found from the statistical analysis that the weight factors of the IPCI for the crack rate were twice as high as those for the rut depth and IRI. It was also observed that IPCI had a close correlation with the NHPCI and SPI, albeit with some degree of scattering. This correlation study between the NHPCI and SPI indicates that the existing pavement condition index does not consider the asymmetry of the original measured data. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed pavement condition provides an index value that considers the characteristics of the original raw data measured in the field. The developed pavement condition index is extensively used to determine the timing and method of pavement repair, and to establish pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies in Incheon.

Bolboschoenus planiculmis has been acknowledged as a key species in whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) habitat by providing food for this migratory waterfowl. B. planiculmis wetlands are being degraded by water shortages and salinization caused by anthropogenic activities and climate changes. In 2004, the distribution of B. planiculmis in the tidal flats of the Nakdong Estuary was 2,475,568 m2, and in 2021, the distribution area was 798,731 m2, which decreased by 32.3%. In order to restore the degraded B. planiculmis wetlands, shoot transplantation and seed sowing were tentatively used in three places with different salinity and water levels. The average density per unit area in September at the optimal growth period after planting were A (fresh water level 50 cm) 58±15.65 m-2, B (brackish water level 0~5 cm) 188±63.83 m-2, C (brackish water level 0 cm or less) 188±45.13 m-2. The tubers were observed as A 0 g dw m-2, B 25.32±2.94 g dw m-2, and C 13.39±0.91 g dw m-2. Tubers were distributed in the soil, with only 3.0% at the 10~20 cm depth but 97.0% at the 0~10 cm depth. In contrast, the germination rate of B. planiculmis seeds was observed to be 0%. Results of this study provide technical support for the restoration of B. planiculmis wetland and the improvement in the quality of whooper swans habitat.

The endothelium, a continuous monolayer of cells that surrounds blood vessels, has a variety of physiological roles. Chronic exposure to psychological and physical stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation activates the endothelial signaling cascade, resulting in vascular dysfunction such as vasospasm, thrombosis, and abnormal vascular proliferation. Aging is also a significant factor in vascular dysfunction, mainly developing structural and functional changes in the endothelium. The molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction are typically angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie2, and tight junction proteins. Ang-1, an oligomeric-secreted glycoprotein, is required for the correct organization and maturation of newly-formed vessels. Ang-1 binding to tyrosine kinase receptors Tie-2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of multiple signaling pathways related to vascular permeability. Endothelial junctions are another vital target of Tie-2 activation. Nutrition and food are closely connected with vascular dysfunction and permeability. The caloric restriction prevents age-related declines in endothelial function. Dietary patterns that prioritize moderate intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and lean meats improve endothelial function in the elderly. Natural products such as Centella asiatica, Pueraria montana, and Piper retrofractum have also been shown to help inhibit endothelial dysfunction. This review provides an update on aging-related vascular dysfunction and the role of food and nutrition.

Future autonomous vehicles need to recognize the ego lanes required for lane change and the side left and right lanes differently. Therefore, multi-lane recognition is needed. In this study, using the YOLO network, mainly used for object recognition, the proposed method recognizes the ego, left and right side lanes as different objects and identifies the correct lanes. As a result of the performance evaluation on the TuSimple test data, the proposed method recognized the ego lanes and the left and right side lanes differently. It showed very stable lane recognition results. And by detecting lanes that do not exist in the ground truth of TuSimple data, the proposed method is very robust in lanes detection. Nevertheless, studies related to learning data reinforcement in which lanes are located in the center or at the left and right edges of the image and accurate network learning for lanes are needed.

본 연구에서는 3D 프린팅 FDM 방식의 적층 방향에 따라 기계적 물성이 달라지는 이방성 특성을 확인하고 이를 이용하여 위상 최 적설계를 수행하였다. 벤치마크 문제인 자동차 현가장치 부품 중 하나인 로어 컨트롤 암에 대하여 밀도법 기반 위상 최적설계를 수행 하였으며, 외부 하중과 이방성 특성에 따라 위상 최적결과가 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 이용하여 최적화된 모델에 대하 여 3D 프린터로 적층 방향을 달리하여 2가지 시험품을 제작하였으며 인장시험을 수행하였다. 시험시 3D 비접촉 변형률 측정기를 이 용하여 변형률을 구하였으며 이를 CAE 응답해석으로 얻은 변형률과 비교한 결과가 정량 및 정성적으로 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 3D 프린팅 적층 방향을 고려한 위상 최적모델의 인장 실험 결과를 통해 해당 최적설계 방법론의 유효성을 검증하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 일반 관공서나 기업을 대상으로 많은 연구가 이루어졌지만 상명하복의 조직문화가 강한 군조직을 대상으로는 연구가 미미했던 서번트 리더십의 효과성을 검증하는 것이다. 일부 군조직을 대상으로 이루어진 서번트 리더십 선행연구는 육군과 해병대에서 일부 계층에 대해 소 수의 연구가 이루어졌는데 본 연구는 최초로 해군을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 설문대상도 해군 전간부계층으로 장교, 부사관 및 군무원 626명을 대상으로 폭넓게 상사의 서번트 리더십이 부하의 조직몰입 및 직무성과에 미치는 효과성을 검증하였다. 또한 해군은 장교, 부사관, 병 및 군무원 등 각각의 계층 및 계급에서 직무를 수행하는데 필요한 ‘계급 별 리더십 핵심역량’ 4개와 모든 계급에서 공통적으로 필요하는 ‘리더십 공통핵심역량’ 4개를 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 모든 간부 계층을 대상으로 서번트 리더십의 효과성을 검증하였기에 리더십 핵심역량 도 해군 구성원 전 계급에서 공통적으로 필요한 ‘리더십 공통핵심역량’인 ‘전문성, 책임감, 협력적 소통, 자부심’ 등 4개 역량을 서번트 리더십이 부하의 조직몰입 및 직무성과에 미치는 영향력 관계에서 매개효 과가 있는지를 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 상사의 서번트 리더십은 부하의 조직몰입 및 직무성과에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 상사의 서번트 리더십은 부하의 ‘리더십 공통핵심역량’ 에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 부하의 리더십 공통핵 심역량은 상사의 서번트리더십과 부하의 조직몰입·직무성과 간의 관계에서 매개효과가 있음이 검증되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제시하였고, 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향이 논의 되었다.

PURPOSES : This study evaluates the long-term performance of the asphalt overlay designed by the Seoul pavement design method which determines overlay thickness by considering existing pavement conditions, traffic volume, and bearing capacity of the pavement. METHODS : A total of 76 sections including 17 control sections and 59 design sections were constructed under various traffic conditions, overlay thicknesses and asphalt mixtures. The performance of the pavements has been monitored up to 60 months in terms of surface distresses, rutting, and longitudinal roughness. The service life of the pavements was estimated to be the period when the Seoul pavement condition index (SPI) becomes 6.0, i.e., a rehabilitation level. RESULTS : Overall, the service life of the pavements was 72 months in the control and 120 months for the design sections. For relatively thinner overlay sections than designed, the service life reduced significantly; 36 months for 15cm thick overlay and 120 months for 25cm thick overlay. The service life of the pavement in the bus-only lane was 78 months, which is 30 months shorter than that in mixed-traffic lanes. Out of the bus-only lanes, 56% of the pavement along bus stop was deteriorated early to be a poor condition while only 2% of the pavement in a driving lane was degraded to be poor. The overlay with Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) in the wearing surface had 38% longer life than that with conventional dense graded mixtures. CONCLUSIONS : Most of the overlays sections designed by the Seoul pavement design method were expected to survive 10 years, except for bus-only lanes. The control sections having 5 to 10 cm thick overlays showed significant lower performance than the design sections. Thus proper thickness and materials considering the characteristics of existing pavement and traffic volumes should be applied to secure the service life of overlays.

In this study, the multi-lane detection problem is expressed as a CNN-based regression problem, and the lane boundary coordinates are selected as outputs. In addition, we described lanes as fifth-order polynomials and distinguished the ego lane and the side lanes so that we could make the prediction lanes accurately. By eliminating the network branch arrangement and the lane boundary coordinate vector outside the image proposed by Chougule’s method, it was possible to eradicate meaningless data learning in CNN and increase the fast training and performance speed. And we confirmed that the average prediction error was small in the performance evaluation even though the proposed method compared with Chougule’s method under harsher conditions. In addition, even in a specific image with many errors, the predicted lanes did not deviate significantly, meaningful results were derived, and we confirmed robust performance.

In this study, we investigated the Indoor and Outdoor concentrations of PM10 in Y area, Jeollanam-do. We conducted personal exposure concentration estimates, and Exposure and Risk Assessments using the Time-weighted Average Model. The concentration of Indoor PM10 was 49.38 μg/m3 and that of Outdoor PM10 was 48.02 μg/m3, with the Indoor/ Outdoor Ratio value being 1 or more, and it was found that there was an indoor source of pollution. The Indoor/Outdoor Cr ratio value was 1 or more, and the source of Cr was confirmed to be indoor. Based on our analysis, there was a positive correlation between heavy metals Ni, Cr, and Mn (p<0.05). Using the Time-Weighted Average model, we determined the PM10 personal exposure concentration to be 49.36 μg/m3 and confirmed the feasibility of this model in utilizing the PM10 personal exposure concentrations. In this study, the findings are likely to provide useful data that can be used to determine the concentration of indoor pollutants that are not easy to survey. However, to accurately evaluate indoor air quality, more factors need to be considered and evaluated.

PURPOSES : In this study, the results of an intensive field survey of a composite pavement applied to an expressway in Korea are analyzed. The results are intended to be used as basic data for evaluating the composite pavement and for preparing quality control measures through a review and analysis of the change in the state of the tensile bonding strength of the composite pavement. METHODS : To evaluate, repeated field coring and indoor tensile bonding strength evaluations are conducted for five years, and the commonality evaluation of pavement using pavement condition investigation equipment is conducted annually. RESULTS : The results of this study show that the degree of reflective crack generation varies depending on the type of concrete pavement and type of asphalt mixture applied to the intermediate layer, and that the CRCP composite pavement exhibits better initial commonality than the JCP composite pavement. In addition, it is confirmed that the composite cross-section pavement section with MASTIC applied as an intermediate layer shows excellent adhesion performance between the lower concrete layers from the beginning of construction in all sections, as well as satisfied the quality control standards for good pavement and tensile adhesion even after approximately five years of public use. CONCLUSIONS : Based on a follow-up survey of the composite pavement testing sections, it is confirmed that the section constructed with the MASTIC intermediate layer and CRCP satisfies the quality control standards for good pavement conditions and tensile adhesion even after approximately five years of public use.

We need data such as the number of lanes for lane change on the road as well as environmental and object recognition of the road for the autonomous vehicle of the future. This study proposed an algorithm that recognizes the left and right lanes and the center lane while driving differently from the black box image taken from a car. In general, deep learning does not recognize lanes individually but recognizes all lanes as only one lane. Therefore, using YOLO's object recognition function, the left and right lanes and the center lane were detected as different lanes, and a heuristic method was applied to recognize multi-lanes as more correct lanes. As a result of the performance evaluation, we confirmed that the proposed method detects the lane more accurately than Fast R-CNN and only YOLOv2.

이 연구는 최근 4차 산업혁명의 도래로 인해 교정업무의 효율성을 확보하고 증가하는 교정수요를 충족하기 위한 방안으로 각광 받고 있는 스마트 교정 개념에 대해 정의 하고, 과학기술전문가와 현직 교정공무원을 대상으로 AHP 분석･설문조사를 실시하여 스마트 교정에 우선적으로 필요한 교정업무 분야와 개발이 필요한 과학기술의 우선순 위를 확인하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 새로운 교정업무 패러다임인 스마트 교정이 교정업무에 적용되기 위해 필요한 개선방안을 제안하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 국내외 스마트 교정에 대한 문헌연구를 실시하고, 과학기술에 대한 현황을 확인하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 국내 교정현실에 맞는 스마트 교정의 적용방안을 제시하기 위해 교정분야별 R&D 연구에 대한 중장기 계획 수립･기반조 성 방안･법률안 개정 방안을 도출하여 이에 대한 정책적 방안으로 제시하였다.

최근 사회적으로 요구하고 있는 기업의 역할이 확대됨에 따라 기업의 비재무적인 경영활동(ESG)은 기업의 존폐를 좌우할 수 있는 주요 경영 평가지표로 등장하게 되었다. 하지만, 국내 주요 기업들이 이러 한 사회적 변화에 대응하고자 ESG 경영을 선언하고 다양한 경영전략을 수립하고 있지만 여전히 정부나 공공기관은 표준화되거나 일관된 ESG 경영 평가지표를 제시하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 ESG 경영 활성화을 위한 인적자원관리의 역할에 주목하여 국내외 ESG 경영 평가지표를 비교분석하여 향후 인적자원관리 차원에서의 ESG 관련 연구 주제와 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 도출하기 위해 우선 인적자원관리 관점에서 ESG 경영에 대한 중요성과 ESG 경영에서의 인적자원관리의 역할, ESG 관련 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 이후 국내외 대표적인 ESG 평가기관들의 평가지표 비교분석을 통해 함의를 찾고 최근 국내 ESG 평가지표의 변화를 토대로 인적자원관리 차원에서의 연구 주제를 확장하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, ESG 경영에서 인적자원관리가 중요한 이유는 ESG 경영 평가에 있어서 인적자원관리 지표가 큰 비중을 차지하고 있고 ESG 평가상에서의 대부분의 핵심지표들이 조직문화와 연계되어 있다는 것이다. 둘째, ESG 인적자원관리 부문의 평가지표는 기업이 처한 환경에 따라 차이가 있고 시대적 상황에 맞게 변화한다는 점이다. 셋째, 인적자원관리 관점에서의 ESG 연구는 국내외 간의 평가지표 지향성의 차이를 통해 확산적 가치와 수렴적 가치를 국가간 비교 할 수 있는 연구, 국내에 있는 외국계기업의 ESG 경영전략 수립 기준 연구, 인적자원관리 관점의 ESG 평가지표와 경영성과 간의 관계 연구, 마지막으로 폭 넓은 의미에서 인간존중 경영, 안전보건(사고), 직장 내 갑질, 조직 내 MZ세대와의 갈등, 리더십, 조직문화까지 폭넓은 스펙트럼을 지표화 할 수 있는 연구 등으로 확대해야 한다는 것이다.