절화용 장미 ‘Live Pink’ 는 전라남도농업기술원에서 육성한 진분홍색 스프레이 품종으로 수세가 강하고 동계생산성이 높은 백색 ‘White Candy’를 모본으로 적색이며 화형이 예쁜 ‘Madonna’를 부본으로 하여 2004년에 인공교배 하였다. 화형과 화색이 예쁘고 수량성이 우수하며 가시가 적은 2계통을 최종 2차 선발하였다. 2007년부터 2008년까지 3회에 걸쳐 특성 및 생산력검정을 실시하여 화색이 진분홍색이며 꽃이 크고 수량성도 우수하며 절화수명이 긴 ‘Live Pink’를 육성하였다. 육성된 품종은 스프레이 품종으로 꽃의 직경이 5.5 cm, 절화장이 68.4 cm, 절화수명이 10.1일로 줄기가 곧고 절화수명이 우수하다. 절화의 수량은 3회 특성 및 생산력 검정결과 121.5 본/m2/년으로 대비품종 ‘Madonna’(116.5 본/m2/년)에 비해 4.3% 증대되었다.

This study was investigated to evaluate the effects of fertilizer application of surface and broadcast for rice culture on the soil chemical, physical, and microbial properties as well as growth and yield of rice. The application was made with ‘"Dongjin 1’" rice at Jeollanam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services from 2008 to 2010. Soil organic matter and cation concentrations were increased by surface and broadcast applications, respectively. Plots treated by surface application tended to be higher seasonal N-mineralization rate in the organic fertilizer and seasonal soil organic matter than those of broadcast application. Soil physical properties seemed to be improved by the broadcast application, and soil microbial properties were increased by the surface application. Surface application increased 5% of rice yield compared to that of broadcast.

Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, is the most important insect pest in environmental friendly tomato production. Natural enemies, Nesidiocoris tenuis and environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) are major control agents in Korea. The aim of the present work is to evaluate release time of N. tenuis in controlling of T. vaporariorum and to select environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) to suppress both T. vaporariorum and N. tenuis which if the density were high causing necrotic rings. Six EFAM selected to control of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum in three times spray with seven days intervals. Three EFAM showed high mortality 67.7~70.5% in spray after release plot but low in release after spray plot. It should be careful to spray with N. tenuis. When N. tenuis were early release at 7 days after transplanting which before occurring and establishment of greenhouse whitefly, it could suppress the density. Extracts of bead tree + matrin, matrin 1, Chrysanthemum showed high mortality on T. vaporariorum adults and N. tenuis. The results suggested that tms three EFAM could be control agents of the damage of necrotic rings from N. tenuis.

This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient production of both orchardgrass and several clovers as a green manure in a ‘Niitaka’ pear (Pyrus pyriforia) orchard. The experiment was conducted at diligent fanner in Boseong in Chonnam on March 26 of 2010, and the treatments included; 1) orchard grass (2.0㎏/l,000㎡), 2) orchard grass (1.0㎏/l,000㎡)+ladino clover (1.0 ㎏/1,000m2), 3) orchard grass (1.0㎏/1,000㎡)+red clover (1.0㎏/1,000㎡), and 4) orchard grass (1.0㎏/1,000㎡)+white clover (1.0㎏/1,000㎡). Lengths of orchardgrass and clovers were greater in July than those of June and September. Seeding of orchardgrass without clovers in June and July increased dry weight of green manure crops compared with the seeding of orchardgrass with clovers, resulting in greater annual total dry weight. Various green manure treatments produced different amounts of total N and P₂O₅ from each raw materials and did not satisfy amounts of those nutrients for proper annual growth of ten- to twelve-year-old pear tree. Amounts of K₂O producing from green manures, however, satisfied for proper growth of the pear trees.

This work studied the growth and yield of green crops, changes of mineral composition in greenhouse soil and green crops, and infection with wintering green crops cultivation in greenhouse field. At 74 days after seeding of wintering green crops, dry matter was 710㎏/10a in rye, 530㎏/10a in barley, 230㎏/10a in hairy vetch, and 240㎏/10a in bean or weeds. Total nitrogen content in green crops was 4.5% in pea and hairy vetch, and 3~4% in barley and rye. P₂O₅, CaO, and MgO contents in all green crops were about 1.0%, and K₂O content was the highest level by 4~5% among macro elements. Total nitrogen fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 22.1㎏/10a in rye, 20.6㎏/10a in barley, 10.6㎏/10a in hairy vetch, and 9.6㎏/10a in pea and giant chickweed. P₂O₅ fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 8.4㎏/10a in rye, 6.3㎏/10a in barley, and 2.3 ㎏/10a in hairy vetch and pea. K₂O fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 28㎏/10a in rye, 24.7㎏/10a in barley, and 11㎏/10a in hairy vetch and pea. CaO fixing content in shoot green crops uptaken from soil was 2~3㎏/ 10a in all green crops, and MgO fixing content was 1.7~2.6㎏/10a in all green crops. Pepper growth in no-tillage was not a significant difference at all green manure crops. The number of fruit and fruit weight were higher in control, pea, hairy vetch and harvest barley than rye and barley. Soil mineral compositions in wintering green crops increased at pH, organic matter, CEC compared with control. Soil chemical compositions were stable level at green crops cultivation according as decreases of EC, available phosphoric acid, Ca, and Mg contents. After no-tillage by green manure crops, pH in soils was higher in green manure crops than control. EC content in soils was lower in green manure crops than control, and was remarkably low level in barley harvest. Organic matter content in soils increased in hairy vetch and barley green manure but decreased by 35% in barley harvest. Total nitrogen and avaliable P₂O₄ content in soils remarkably increased but was not a significant difference at all green manure crops. Cation (K, Ca, and Mg) content in soils decreased by 15~20% in K, 2~11% in Ca, and 3~6% in Mg at rye, barley and pea compared with control.

Calyx-end browning in sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruits is the postharvest disorder during the storage and shows different proportions by the cultivars. This study was to evaluate fruit texture characteristics at harvest and to learn how browning in fruits affects the cell structures in different cultivars. Persimmon cultivars included ‘Fuyu’, ‘Jiro’, ‘Uenishiwase’, ‘Daiandangam’, and ‘Ro-19’, which were harvested at the end of October in 2003 and investigated after 100 days storage. Fruit texture varied with different cultivars. ‘Jiro’ and ‘Ro-19’ fruits did not have browning symptoms while ‘Daiandangam’ fruits had approximately 80% browning of them. There were no visual differences for the cell structure in fruit peels between fruits without browning, such as ‘Jiro’ and ‘Ro-19’, and fruits with browning, such as ‘Fuyu’, ‘Uenishiwase’, and ‘Daiandangam’. The most outer layers in a ‘Jiro’ fruit peel arranged one to two epidermis which could not induce browning in the tissues, while ‘Fuyu’ had two to three layers, inducing a browning symptom. Although there were no differences for the tissue structure between browning and normal fruits, browning fruits did not have apparent cell organelle and proceeded degradation of cell walls in the flesh.

This study was established to investigate the effects of Ca application on fruit mineral nutrients, quality, and browning of ‘Fuyu’ sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki). Ca foliar application at 40㎖/20L/tree had a greater fruit Ca concentration than did control, Ca fertigation (40㎖/20L/tree), and Ca foliar application (40㎖/20L/tree) coupled with IBA fertigation (40 ㎖/20L/tree). Fruit mineral nutrient concentrations for Mg, B, and Mn were similar or lower in the foliar treatment compared to other treatments. Fruit color was not affected. Ca treatment, whether foliar applied or fertigated, was effective in maintaining fruit firmness and in decreasing the browning symptom in fruit after MA storage at 0℃ for 60 and 100 days. Although Ca foliar application + IBA fertigation treatment improved fruit firmness, the positive effect on the browning and decay occurrences in fruit was not shown.

This study was established on which germanium (Ge), known as one of the functional nutrients, treatment is the most effective method for increasing Ge uptake and contributing flowering development in the pruned branches in the winter. Ge treatment included foliar application, soil fertigation, trunk injection, and the three-combined application. Ge concentration in the pruned branches was greater on the three-combined treated trees, and Ge treated branches had greater Ge concentrations than the control. Pruned branches grown in the solution culture had greater bud weight and bud scale number on the Ge treated trees than the control. Ge treatments increased flowering per branch and flower number per bud as well as improved resistance of the freezing temperature damage. Overall, there were no consistent results of all the variables by the Ge application methods.

This study was established on which the selenium (Se), known as one of the functional elements in the human body, treatment was the most effective for the Se uptake in the soil and tree. Se treatments included foliar application, soil fertigation, and trunk injection. Se fertigation and control had similar soil P2O5, K, and Mg concentrations, and calcium and Se concentrations in the soil were greater on the control and Se fertigation, respectively. Leaf characteristics were not different among the treated trees. No differences were observed for the leaf K and Ca concentrations among the treated trees, and foliar Mg was greater on the Se treated trees than the control. Se foliar application and trunk injection had greater Se concentrations in the leaves and fruits than the Se fertigation and control.

Sweet persimmon, ‘Fuyu’, is the major cultivar for MA storage, but browning of blossom end part and fruit surface darkening occur during storage and decrease fruit qualities in fresh fruit market. Calcium (Ca) has a very important role in cell membrane and reduces Ca-related fruit disorder. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of soluble Ca fertigation and foliar applications on soil chemical properties, root activity, and leaf nutrient status. Ca concentration in the soil was higher in both Ca fertigation (Ca-FG) and Ca+IBA fertigation (Ca+IBA) treatments than the other treatments, such as control (Cont), Ca foliar application (Ca-FA), and IBA fertigation (IBA). The increase in soil Ca improved soil pH. The Ca+IBA treatment increased root activity. Leaf Ca concentration was significantly increased by the CA-FA application, followed by Ca+IBA, and Ca-FG treatments.

Sustainable farming systems have remarkably increased in Korea due to the increase of environmental concerns caused by the conventional systems. This study was performed on eight-year-old ‘Niitaka’ pear tree s to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil chemical and microbial properties and leaf and bud developments. Treatment and applications included 10 ㎏ of rice bran (RB), 10 ㎏ of coffee bran compost (CBC), 10 ㎏ of Chitin incubated compost (Micro keeper®, CIC), and 30 ㎏ of the mixture of the RB, CBC, and CIC (RCC). Control received 60 g of NPK (16-11-12) chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizers increased organic matter, nutrient concentrations such as P, K, Ca, and Mg, and microbial biomass in soils compared to the control. RCC had the greatest specific leaf weight (SLW), and the other treatments did not have a significant difference for the SLW. Leaf P and K concentrations were different among the treatments, but they were not affected by the amounts of the soil nutrients. No differences were observed in the leaf Ca and Mg concentrations in the treatments. Organic fertilizers had greater chlorophyll contents than the control but had similar flower bud characteristics to the control.

할미꽃 신품종 ‘겨비’는 전라남도농업기술원에서 2001년에 자생 할미꽃(Pulsatilla koreana) 종자를 화학적 돌연변이를 유발(sodium azide 3 mM/16 hr)하고, 2004년과 2005년에 특성검정을 통해 2005년에 육성되었다. ‘겨비’의 꽃은 적자색이고 약은 진노랑, 주두는 적자색이며 화형은 겹꽃으로 꽃잎이 12매이다. 주당 화경은 6.3개, 화경장과 엽장은 각각 26.4, 14.2 cm이고, 화폭과 포폭은 각각 7.5, 11

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizers and mulches on the growth and CO₂ assimilation in MM.106 apple trees. Growth and CO₂ assimilation of MM.106 apple trees grown in a greenhouse were affected by the nutrient concentrations and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) ratio in the raw materials of organic fertilizers and mulches. The optimum C:N ratios, which makes microorganism convert the organic N into the inorganic N, were obtained in the organic fertilizer, poultry litter, green compost, and grass clippings, resulting in increasing single shoot height, SPAD, and CO₂ assimilation. The SPAD and CO₂ assimilation were affected by the treatments 5 weeks after the treatments, and then the tree growth was affected by the treatments 6 weeks later. The most efficient tree growth and development were observed in the 10 to 15 ㎎ㆍ㎏⁻¹ of the inorganic N in a soil, and the N was strongly related to the tree growth and development.

할미꽃 신품종 ‘연홍’은 P. davurica와 P. koreana를 종간교잡하여 2003년에 전라남도농업기술원에서 육성되었고 유전적으로 자가불화합성의 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘연홍’의 화색은 진분홍이고 약은 진노랑, 주두는 진분홍, 꽃잎은 6매이며 엽은 녹색이다. 한편 개화특성은 년 2회 개화성이다. 주당 화경은 26.5개, 화경장과 절화장은 각각 58.6 cm와 46.8 cm, 포의 폭은 11.5 cm, 엽장은 34.4 cm이다. 꽃과 포의 절화수명은

A rose cultivar “aedoji”developed at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extention Services (JARES) is a standard type with deep Red flower. From 2000, two cultivars ‘ital’and 'Cardinal' were examined for horticultural characteristics and were included in cross-combination in 2003. Cultivar ‘ital’ a vigorous standard type, first preference with red flower, was used as a mother plant and cultivar ‘ardinal’ a red flower standard type with light color, was used as a pollen-donor plant. seventeen six breeding lines were selected in 2004 based on flower shape, flower color and abundance of petal numbers on the first selection. two breeding lines were selected in 2004 based on powderly mildew and vigor on the second selection. For three years, from 2005 till 2007, one breeding lines were selected and examined for their productivity, and then cultivar “aedoji”was developed because of distinctive characters such as light red color flower, upright stem, long vase-life and Resistance to the Powderly Mildew. A standard type with intermediate sized flower, cultivar “aedoji”shows in average 9.2 cm flower diameter, 62.0 cm flower stem length, and 9.5 days vase-life. The average productivity for three years was 167.3 stems ㆍm-2 per year and increased 2% compare to cultivar ‘iamo’with 163.9 stemsㆍm-2 per year.

For developing standard method for diease, pest and weed control in environmental friendly ‘Ssam’ vegetable cultivation, this study was carried out to investigating agriculture material use in organic agriculture and no pesticide cultivation for lettuce, kale, leafy perilla and korean cabbage. The 28.6% of investigated farmer carried out seed sterilization by seed selection with salt solution and soaking in chitosan that not validated. For raising seedling periods, the 55.6% of farmer did not use environmental-friendly agriculture material for, diease control and the 50% of farmer used one time for. pest control. Therefore, the control of disease and pest could be achieved with one or two times use of environmental-friendly agriculture material. Seed sterilization was carried out by soil solar sterilization, one time per year in 71.4% of farmer. Weed was controled by black PE film for weed germination of furrow in many farmer, by man-power weeding for weed of ridge in 85% of farmer and by machine weeding and mulching in some farmer. During cultivation period, the major pest were Aphis gossypii in lettuce, Plutella xylostella in kale, Plutella xylostella and Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) in korean cabbage and Pyrausta panopealis (Walke) in leafy perilla. The many farmers used environmental-friendly agriculture material for control of pest over 10 times for spring season, and more used sold materials in market than home-made materials. In result, it needs to develop standardized method and validate cultivation methods for control of disease and pest, and seed sterilization treatment environmentalfriendly ‘Ssam’ vegetable.

The potential of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina : Phytoseiidae) to control two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acarina : Tetranychidae) was investigated on sustainable strawberry fields in Jeonnam area. The density of T. urticae increased from 4th and 7th weeks after single and two timings release P. persimilis, respectively. On the three timings of release plot, number(density) of T. urticae on a leaf maintained fewer than 10 during the 15 weeks after release. In the 1,000 release of P. persimilis per 100㎡ plot, P. persimilis could not suppress T. urticae. In the 2,000 release plot, P. persimilis could suppress T. urticae with low density which was the similar in the 3,000 release plot. Twospotted spider mite, T. urticae, occurred from late March and increased density in Hampyeong area. In the P. persimilis released field, T. urticae inhibited continuously after release. In Boseong area, density of P. persimilis increased 50 per 10 leaves through increasing of T. urticae. Percent of occurrence of T. urticae showed high 10.5~75.5% in none-release predatory mite but not high in release treatment. T. urticae on sustainable strawberry field could be inhibited by P. persimilis.