최근 기후변화 및 국제교역량, 여행객, 외국 이주민 증가 등으로 국내 농작물에 큰 피해를 입힐 수 있는 고위험 식물병의 유입이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 검역 대상인 병원체의 수가 증가함에 따라 검역기관 및 연구원의 업무량이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지역별 주요 수출대상 과수인 포도, 단감, 감귤의 국내 미기록 병과 원인병원체에 대한 예찰조사를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 전국을 경기-강원, 충청, 전북, 전남, 경북, 경남 그리고 제주 등 7개 권역으로 나누고 각 권역 소재 대학에서 예찰조사를 수행하여 예찰네트워크를 구축하고자 하였다. 포도 대상 병은 모두 4종으로, Pierce’s disease (Xylella fastidiosa), brown rot (Monilinia fructigena), anthracnose (Greeneria uvicola), 그리고 esca (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora)을 조사하였고 경기-강원, 충청도, 전라북도, 그리고 경상북도 권역을 중심으로 각 권역당 3개 지역 그리고 지역당 3개 지점을 두고 조사하였다. 단감은 모두 3종으로, brown spot (Fusicladium levieri), black leaf spot (Adisciso kaki), 그리고 black spot (Phoma kakivora)을 조사하였고 국내 단감 주생산지인 경상남도와 전라남도 권역을 중심으로 각 권역당 3개 지역 그리고 지역당 3개 지점을 두고 조사하였다. 감귤 대상 병은 모두 2종으로, citrus scab (Elsinoë australis), Septoria spot (Septoria citri)을 조사하였고 감귤 주생산지인 제주권역을 중심으로 조사하였다. 모두 9종에 대한 예찰조사는 2019년 4월부터 10월까지 2주간격으로 실시하였다. 예찰조사결과 주요 수출대상 과수인 포도, 단감, 감귤의 국내미기록병 9종에 대한 원인병원체는 발견되지 않았다. 이 연구를 통해 식물병을 조기에 탐지할 수 있는 전국적인 모니터링 시스템을 구축하였고, 국외 외래유입병들의 예찰조사를 위한 지역 거점을 확보하였다고 평가된다.

1. 개발도상국의 경우, 가치사슬 전반에 걸쳐 제약요인을 가지고 있는 경우가 많다. 이로 인해 가치사슬 일부 단계의 개선만으로는 그 파급효과가 제한적이다. 이로 인해 가치사슬 전반에 걸친 분석과 종합적인 개선 전략의 수립이 필요하다. 2. 선진 공여기관들은 개발도상국의 가치사슬 개선을 위해 여러 가지 분석 틀 및 개선전략 수립 틀을 가지고 가치사슬 사업을 추진하고 있다. 3. 본 연구에서는 한국의 농산물 가치사슬 개선 사업 기획 관리 방안을 제시하였다. 특히, 해당 기획관리 절차를 한국의 대표적인 무상원조 기관인 KOICA의 원조사업 기획 단계에 맞추어 구체적으로 제시하여 실제 현장에서 활용도를 높이고자 하였다. 해당 절차는 1) 대상 품목(혹은 품목군)의 선정, 2) 가치사슬 분석, 3) 개선전략 수립, 4) 기대효과 도출, 5) 성과관리(모니터링 및 평가) 방안의 도출 등으로 구성되었다. 4. 한국의 공여기관들은 이 절차를 바탕으로 농산물 가치사슬 개선 사업의 기획과 시행에 필요한 사항들을 점검 및 확인 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 현장에서의 활용을 통해 해당 절차를 보다 효과적으로 발전시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대 한다.

In March of 2015, severe sooty mold was observed on blueberries cultivated in a farmer’s greenhouses in Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. Typical symptoms included a black or dark brown, superficial fungal growth on the leaves, stems, and fruit of blueberry plants. The fungal colonies on PDA were flat and black. The conidia were dark green in color, globose to sub-globose in shape and 3-5×3-4 μm in size. The ramoconidia were cylindrical and 18-42×3 μm in size. The conidiophores were dark brown, cylindrical-oblong in shape and 42-138×3-4 μm in size. To confirm the identity of the fungus(F130), the 18S rDNA as well as actin and β-tubulin gene sequences were PCR-amplified and sequenced. The pathogenicity of the isolate was then explored on 2-month-old potted blueberry plants. Based on the mycological characteristics, molecular identification, and pathogenicity on host plants, this fungus was identified as Cladosporium sphaerospermum. This is the first report on sooty mold of blueberry caused by C. sphaerospermum in Korea.

Circular leaf spot(CLS) disease causes considerable economic damage to persimmon(Diospyros kaki) in South Korea. Mycosphaerella nawae ascospores are the primary inoculum for CLS epidemics. In this study, we investigated the seasonal fluctuation of spore release and its relationship to environmental factors, based on spore trapping. We evaluated the seasonal pattern of released M. nawae ascospores in South Korea. During three persimmon growing seasons(2010 to 2012), we recorded the release of ascospores in two regions, Jinju and Gimhae, which are major producing regions of sweet persimmon in South Korea. The release of CLS ascospores was from the first week of May to the end of July. The maximum release of spores was observed in late June. A computer model used accumulated degree days to simulate ascospore release. The overall mean accumulated degree days, from 01 May to 50% ascospore release for the observed data(1174℃ days), was not significantly different from the predicted value of 1144℃ days. The mean differences between predicted and observed release percentages for the sampling periods were not significantly different from zero.

Bacterial cells communicate with each other through their specific chemical languages, by which bacteria regulate a set of genes in a multicellular behavior, including antibiotics, biofilm, motility, and virulence. The twitter communication in Gram positive bacteria is mediated by diffusible signal molecules, N-acyl homoserine lactones (HSLs), that differ with respect to the length, saturation and substitutions of the side-chain. In Gram negative bacteria, diffusible peptides control the physiological phenotypes. In this presentation, some general examples of bacterial twitter communication, such as Vibrio fischeri, Burkholderia glumae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Serratia marcescens will be presented. The contribution of bacterial communication to pathogenicity of Pantoea ananatis, our model bacterium causing bacterial rice sheath rot and onion center rot diseases, will mainly be discussed.

본 연구는 증강현실 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 통해 가상 참여자의 존자개 사용자에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 구체적으로, 가상의 참여자가 제공되는 경우와 아닌 경우의 몰입, 인지된 경쟁, 그리고 정보 습득의 욕구의 차이에 대해 살펴보았다. 자동으로 실험 참여자들의 자세에 따른 정확도와 피드백을 제공하는 홈 트레이닝 시스템을 직접 개발하였고, 이를 활용하여 다음의 세 가지 가설을 실증하였다. 첫째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 몰입이 더욱 높을 것이다. 둘째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 인지된 경쟁이 더욱 높을 것이다. 셋째, 가상의 참여자를 보며 트레이닝 시스템을 사용하면 그렇지 않은 경우보다 정보 습득의 욕구가 더욱 높을 것이다. 실험을 통해 세 가지 가설이 모두 지지되었으며, 가상의 참여자가 이용자에 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템 그 자체에 대한 효과를 보는 것에 반해, 본 연구가 가상 트레이닝 시스템을 이용할 때 다른 운동 참여자가 나오는 영상을 보는 것이 유의한가에 대한 답을 하고 있다는 점에서 시사점을 제공한다.

Postharvest apple rot causes severe economic losses and lowers apple quality, and is one of the most important limiting factors of apple exports. Apples with rot symptoms were sampled from Geochang, South Korea. Isolation of the causal fungus was performed by culturing small pieces of diseased tissues on potato dextrose agar. Two different rot genera, Fusarium and Alternaria, were identified according to their morphological characteristics. To confirm the identity of the causal fungus, we sequenced the DNA of the complete internal transcribed spacer(ITS) rDNA gene region and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(EF1-α) region. Koch’s postulates were supported by pathogenicity tests conducted on apple fruit. Based on mycological characteristics, molecular identification, and pathogenicity tests, the two fungi were identified as Fusarium tricinctum and Alternaria alternata. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of postharvest apple rot caused by F. tricinctum and A. alternata in South Korea.

In the present study, a severe outbreak of Sclerotium rot on Korean melon(Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino) observed in Jinju, Korea in August of 2014 and 2015 is reported. The fruit rot disease on the surface of Korean melon fruit appeared as water soaked lesion followed by the development of large rotten areas with abundant white mycelial growth. Abundant white mycelial mats with globoid and white to brown sclerotia(1-3 mm) were also developed on stems near the soil line, and infected plants withered. The fungal pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar(PDA) and formed white colonies with numerous sclerotia on PDA. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size, and white to brown in color. The mycelium formed typical clamp connection. These measurements and taxonomic characteristics were most similar to those of Sclerotium. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene region confirmed that the fungal isolates were Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. Koch’s postulates were supported by pathogenicity tests conducted on fruit. Based on mycological characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and molecular identification, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Sclerotium rot caused by S. rolfsii on Korean melon in Korea.

본 연구에서는 소셜 비디오 플랫폼 환경에서 동영상 기반 커뮤니케이션을 통해 동영상을 시청하는 사용자와 타인 들 간의 관계가 사용자의 긍정적 감정과 사회적 소속감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 해당 연구에서는 사 회 충격 이론(Social Impact Theory)과 자기 점검 이론(Self-Monitoring Theory)이라는 심리학 이론을 토대로 동영상 기반의 새로운 상호작용 수단을 활용한 대안을 검증하기 위해 실제 동영상 기반의 소셜 비디오 플랫폼 환경을 구축 하여 실험 연구를 진행하였다. ANOVA 분석 결과, 동영상을 보는 환경에서 타인의 모습이 실시간으로 보일 때, 또는 나 자신의 얼굴이 화면에 함께 제시될 때, 그렇지 않을 때 보다 사용자는 긍정적인 감정과 사회적 소속감을 더 크게 느끼는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 위의 두 조건이 동시에 제공될 때가 그렇지 않을 때보다 사용자들이 느끼는 긍정적 감정의 증가 폭이 더 컸다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 궁극적으로 새로운 소셜 비디오 플랫폼의 형태에 대한 통찰을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

Bacterial fruit blotch(BFB) of cucurbits caused by Acidovorax citrulli(Acc) continues to diminish fruit yields. The aim of this study was to address whether two genetically distinct populations of Acc are present in watermelon-growing fields in Korea. For this purpose, we used the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR) profiling and substrate-utilization profiles. According to the results of ERIC-PCR, group I and II strains showed clearly differentiated PCR-based fingerprinting profiles. Differences between group I and II strains included amplification of unique, group-specific DNA fragments such as the 1.3-, 0.28-, and 0.25-kb fragments in ERIC-PCR. Acc stains belonging to group I did not use L-leucine, whereas group II strains did use the substrate. Our results support the genetic differentiation of Acc strains into two groups and demonstrate that Acc strains from both groups are previously existed in watermelon-growing fields in Korea. Information about the genetic diversity of Acc under the present study will help scientists and managers form strategies to control BFB.

A severe outbreak of gray mold on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was observed on kenaf grown in the research field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju, Korea in 2014. Gray mold appeared on young plants as gray-brown velvety mold covering stems and leaves. Infections that girdled the stem caused wilting above the infected area and developed a canker. The casual fungus formed grayish brown colonies on potato dextrose agar. The conidia were one celled, mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape, colorless or pale brown in color, and 6–18 × 4–10 μm in size. The conidiophores were 15–32 μm in length. These measurements and taxonomic characteristics were most similar to those of Botrytis. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene region confirmed that the fungal isolates were indeed Borytis cinerea. Koch's postulates were supported by pathogenicity tests conducted on healthy plants. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a gray mold caused by B. cinerea on kenaf in Korea.

UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), the pilotless plane or drone, draws researchers’ attention at these days for its extended use to various area. The research was initiated for military use of the UAV, but the area of applicable field is extended to surveillance, communication, and even delivery for commercial use. As increasing the interest in UAV, the needs of research for operating the flying object which is not directly visible when it conducts a certain mission to remote place is obviously grown as much as developing high performance pilotless plane is required. One of the project supported by government is related to the use of UAV for logistics fields and controlling UAV to deliver the certain items to isolated or not-easy-to-access place is one of the important issues. At the initial stage of the project, the previous researches for controlling UAV need to be organized to understand current state of art in local researches. Thus, this study is one of the steps to develop the unmanned system for using in military or commercial. Specifically, we focused on reviewing the approaches of controlling UAV from origination to destination in previous in-country researches because the delivery involves the routing planning and the efficient and effective routing plan is critical to success to delivery mission using UAV. This routing plan includes the method to avoid the obstacles and reach the final destination without a crash. This research also present the classification and categorization of the papers and it could guide the researchers, who conduct researches and explore in comparable fields, to catch the current address of the research.

From August to October 2013, a powdery mildew was found on Japanese artichoke(Stachys sieboldii) in Jinju, Korea. White colonies were present on leaves and petioles. Severely infected lesions were discolored, being brown. In the present study, the morphological features of anamorphic and teleomorphic Korean specimens were studied. To complete the identification, the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene(ITS rRNA) was analyzed. Based on morphological characteristics, including anamorphic and teleomorphic features, as well as analysis of the ITS rRNA gene region, the fungus associated with the symptoms was identified as Neoerysiphe galeopsidis. Although the host ranges of powdery mildew caused by N. galeopsidis has been previously recorded, no full description or illustration of fungal symptoms and signs on Japanese artichoke has yet appeared. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full description of powdery mildew disease on Japanese artichoke featuring molecular identification, morphological features, symptoms, and signs in Korea.

From August to October of both 2012 and 2013, powdery mildew was observed on white-fruited creeping cucumber(Melothria japonica [Thunb.] Maxim.) at Jinju, Korea. White mycelial colonies were observed on leaves and petioles. Lesions of severe infections were discolored or brown. In the present study, the morphological features of the anamorphic and teleomorphic reproductive stages of the fungus were studied. To complete the fungal identification, the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of a ribosomal RNA(ITS rRNA) gene was determined. Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of the ITS rRNA gene, the fungus causing the powdery mildew symptoms was identified as Podosphaera fusca. Although the host range of powdery mildew caused by P. fusca has been previously described, no full description and illustration of the infection, including symptoms and signs on white-fruited creeping cucumber, has yet appeared. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full description of powdery mildew on white-fruited creeping cucumber, featuring molecular identification, symptoms, and signs.

본 연구에서는 현대 사회의 주요 흐름인 ‘발전과 진화’의 방향성에서 한발 물러나, ‘지우는’ 경험과 그 감성에 대한 연구 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 지금까지 많은 주목을 받지 못한 키워드인 지우는 경험에 대 한 통합적 문헌조사를 우선적으로 수행하였으며, 이를 토대로 실제 사용자들을 대상으로 하는 맥락 질문법을 진 행하였다. 맥락 질문법의 경우, 아날로그적인 연필-지우개 사용맥락, 디지털의 대표적인 맥락인 컴퓨터-키보드 사용맥락, 마지막으로 최근 활발한 활용을 보이는 Tablet PC 사용맥락에 따른 사용자들을 모집한 후, 각각의 사 용맥락에 대한 In-depth한 정성적 인터뷰 및 정량적 자료 수집을 진행하였다. 결과적으로, 지우는 맥락에서는 특 정 내용을 잘 지워내는 상황적 효용뿐만 아니라 이를 수행하는 사용자에게도 정서적으로 만족스러운 경험을 제 공해야함을 확인할 수 있었다. 해당 연구에서 진행된 탐험적 시도 및 실증적 결과들은 향후 연구들에 대한 학술 적 접근과 함께 실용적 관점에서의 디자인 함의를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.