This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of the shoot and roots and to analyse the morphological characteristics of roots of waterlogging resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines. Six maize inbred lines were treated with waterlogging for 10 days at V3, and the degree of leaf senescence was evaluated for waterlogging resistance. As a result of waterlogging resistance evaluation, KS85 was the most damaged inbred line with 3.33 senescence leaves and 5.54 degree, and KS141 was the least damaged inbred line with 1.33 senescence leaves and 3 degree. At 20 days after treatment, the effect of waterlogging stress on the shoot dry matter accumulation of KS85 and KS141 were decreased by 86.1% and 77.0%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, root dry matter accumulation of KS85 and KS141 were decreased by 77.6% and 65.0%. As a result of SEM photographs of the nodal roots of the two maize inbred lines, the thickness of cortex of KS141 was thicker than that of KS85, and the distortion of the cortex was observed in KS85 at 20 days after waterlogging. It was concluded that the thickness of cortex was related to maize waterlogging resistance.

This study was carried out to find out the changes in the growth characteristics and feed value of the three different whole-crop silage rice cultivars of whole-crop silage rice such as Jonong, Yeongwoo and Mogwoo to develop an efficient double cropping system. This study showed that there were significant differences biomass and feed values among cultivars but no clear difference among transplanting dates. Dry weight and height were in order of Mogwoo, Yeongwoo, Jonong (p<0.05). Dry weight and feed value of Jonong showed no significant difference after 21 days after heading (DAH), it was expected to be harvested before DAH 30 days. Yeongwoo showed a lower dry weight than Mogwoo, but heading date was earlier than Mogwoo, so one can expect a higher feed value than Mogwoo. Mogwoo had lower crude protein and total digestible nutrient than the other two cultivars but relative feed value in stem was higher than that of the other cultivars, but had higher dry weight than other cultivars so it was considered to take an advantage as a silage rice. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the selection of whole-crop silage rice on the cropping system be made comprehensively by considering the heading characteristics of the cultivars and the feed value.

Waterlogging strongly affects maize (Zea mays L.) growth. It is necessary to find the screening method of waterlogging tolerant maize lines. This study was to investigate the growth characters at V3 stage of maize, when is very sensitive to waterlogging. Six Korean maize inbred lines were subjected to waterlogging at V3 stage for 30 days. The 30 days waterlogging treatment significantly reduced plant height, number of expanded leaves, and SPAD value, compared with the control plants. SPAD values were significantly different among the six inbred lines, KS140 was the highest. The dry matter accumulation of aerial and root part were significantly decreased by 30 days waterlogging. KS140 was the weightiest among inbred lines. The dry matter of adventitious root showed same trend. Waterlogging treatment significantly reduced to ear length and thickness, grains filling length, grain number per ear, and maize grain. Plant height, SPAD value, and number of fully-expanded leave showed high correlation with maize grain yield, but number of senescent leaves, dry matter of adventitious root and TR ratio did not, suggesting that the former three traits may be good indicator for evaluating 30-day waterlogging tolerance of maize inbred lines. KS164 was the highest yield by increasing of grains filling length and grain number per ear of among waterlogging inbred lines. According to the results, evaluation of maize waterlogging should be consider both early growth characteristics and resilience in the later growth stages.

This study was conducted, using 10 high-quality rice varieties, at 24 experimental sites in 2013 and 2014 to analyze the comparative relationship among head rice yield (HRY), its attributes and sub-attributes. In the data set pooled across sites, years and varieties, where regional and varietal variations were combined, HRY was associated with milled rice yield (MRY) more closely than percentage of head rice (PHR) although both MRY and HRY demonstrated significant relationship with HRY. In the PHR higher than 80%, compared to 80% or less, fitness of the regression between PHR and HRY decreased. MRY and PHR, the two attributes of HRY, were not significantly associated with each other. Regional variation of HRY was associated only with MRY while varietal variation of HRY was related to both MRY and PHR. HRY and MRY showed regional variation greater than varietal variation meanwhile PHR demonstrated regional and varietal variations in a similar range. In the data set pooled across sites, years and varieties, MRY demonstrated relationship with spikelets per square meter (SPIK) in a higher significance than percentage of grain filling (PGF) and 1000-brown rice weight (TBRW). Both regional and varietal variations of MRY showed significant relationship only with SPIK, neitherwith PGF nor TBRW. It is concluded that regional variation of HRY was affected by MRY, varietal variation by both MRY and PHR, and region-variety combined variation mainly by MRY.

참깨 종자의 발아율 향상 및 초기생육 촉진을 위한 priming 처리의 적정 조건을 구명하기 위하여 priming 약제 및 농도,priming 기간과 온도 및 priming후 저온 및 고온에서의 발아율에 대한 실험 결과에서 참깨 종자의 Priming에 가장 효과적인 약제는 PEG 6000, 농도는 −0.75MPa이었으며, priming처리 기간은 15에서 4일 처리하는 것이 가장 효과 적이었다.참깨 종자의 priming처리가 최종 발아율 향상에는 크게 기여하지 못했지만 초기 발아율 향상 및 T50 단축에 효과 적이었다. 참깨 종자의 Priming처리는 20oC 이상 보다는 15oC 저온에서 T50 단축에 효과적이었고, 발아율도 향상되어 재배적온보다는 저온하에서 Priming 효과가 극대화 될 것으로 판단된다. Priming 처리 후 건조 온도 조건에 따른 발아율에는 차이가 없어 25oC에서 3시간 정도 건조 시키는 것이 가장 경제적이었다.

Green manure has been used as alternative to chemical fertilizer. To evaluate the effect of green manure on the chemical properties of top-soil and sorghum yield, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV), manure barley (MB), and a mixture of hairy vetch and manure barley (HV+MB) were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 100 kg-N N ha -1 before the sorghum was transplanted. Total biomass of sorghum grown in the HV, MB, and HV+MB treatments was 13.1, 31.6, and 25.2 t ha -1 , respectively, and the nitrogen production of the treatments was 81, 74, and 145 ㎏ ha -1 , respectively. The SPAD value of the uppermost leaf of sorghum plants grown in the soils with HV, MB, or HV+MB were very similar until heading stage; however, at maturity, the SPAD value of sorghum cultivated in the soils with HV was lower than that of sorghum in the soils with MB or HV+MB. This could be because the nitrogen release from HV was too rapid to supply nitrogen to sorghum during the later stage of grain filling. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the incorporation of green manure increased the pH, exchangeable cations (K + , Mg ++ , and Ca ++ ), and total nitrogen in soil postharvest, indicating an improvement in soil chemical properties. Total carbon content increased in soil with green manure incorporated, but decreased in the chemical fertilized soil, suggesting that sorghum cultivation using green manure may sequester carbon in soils. The yield of sorghum cultivated with green manure was not different from the yield of sorghum cultivated with chemical fertilizers. These results suggest that the mixture of hairy vetch and manure barley can be a useful chemical fertilizer alternative in sorghum cultivation.

In monsoon climates, persistent shade is a troublesome weather condition with an impact on the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). We imposed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of consecutive shade (CS) on Gwangpyeongok and P3394 corn hybrids at the beginning of the kernel filling stages. Shade had little impact on leaf area and dry matter accumulation in the stem and leaves. However, dry matter accumulation in the ear was severely reduced by approximately 28% and 53% after 14 and 28 days of CS, respectively. For the components of grain yield, 7 and 14 days of shade did irreparable damage to the number of filled kernels, the kernel number per ear row, and the percent of filled kernels, but did little damage or reversible damage after removal of the shade to the 100-grain weight and the row number per ear. Shade significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) due to a decrease in the net assimilation rate (NAR). These results suggest that source activity limitation by shade during the kernel filling stages leads to the inhibition of sink activity and size. The yield of biomass, ear, and grain logistically declined as the length of CS increased. Probit analysis revealed that the number of days of CS needed to cause 25% and 50% reductions in grain yield were 3.7 and 23.1, respectively. These results suggest that the plant yield loss induced by shade at the beginning of the kernel filling stages is mainly achieved within the first 7 days of consecutive shade.

A new peanut variety ‘Sinpalkwang’ (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang 2012. This was developed from the cross between line ‘HP299’, crossed high yielding variety ‘Palkwang’ and short stem cultivar ‘PI156649’, and ‘Palkwang’. ‘Sinpalkwang’ which is a Virginia plant type had 25 branches per plant and its length of main stem was 41 cm. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel. Its yield components showed 45 pods per plant, 92 g of 100-seed-weight and 79% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials (RYT). Seed quality showed 45.4% of crude oil and 29.2% of protein content. This variety also showed more resistant to web blotch, compared with reference variety. In the regional yield trials for 3 years ‘Sinpalkwang’ was more productive than reference variety by 28% with 5.4 MT/ha for grain production.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 단경 대립인 ‘Satonoka’와 소분지 내병 단경인 ‘밀양16호’를 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘아미’의 주 요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘아미’는 신풍 초형으로 개 화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. ‘아미’ 는 ‘팔광’ 땅콩에 비해 주당협수, 성숙협비율, 협당립수 등이 높으며 100립중이 84 g인 대립품종이며, 도복은 비교적 강한 특성을 나타내며 그물무늬병, 흑반병은 비슷한 정도이다. ‘아 미’는 단백질이 26.2%, 기름함량이 50.5%이고 양질지방산중 올레산(60.5%)이 리놀산(23.6%) 보다 훨씬 더 높아 기름의 산화안정성이 양호한 특성을 가진다. ‘아미’는 3년간 지역적 응시험 결과 풋땅콩 수량이 전국평균 10.10 ton/ha로서 ‘팔 광’ 땅콩에 비하여 9% 증수되었다. ‘아미’는 대립종이므로 적 기에 파종하고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기 병해 방제에 유 의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다(품종등록 번호: 제5260호).

The AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction) biplot which were accounted for a substantial part of total sum of square in the analysis of variance suggested to be more appropriate models for explaining G x E interaction. The grain yield of total ten sesame genotypes was significantly affected by environment which explained 61% of total variation, whereas genotype and genotype x environment interaction (G x E) were explained 16%, 24% respectively. From the results of experiment, three genotypes Miryang49, Koppoom and Ansan were unstable, whereas other three genotypes Kyeongbuk18, Miryang50 and Kanghuk which were shorter projections to AEA ordinate were relatively stable over the environments. Yangbak which was closeness to the mean yield and short projection of the genotype marker lines was regarded as genotype indicating good performance with stability. Ansan, Miryang48 and Yangbaek showed the best performance in the environments of Naju, Suwon, Iksan and Andong. Similarly, genotype Miyrang47 exhibited the best performance in the environments of Chuncheon and Miryang. Andong is the closest to the ideal environment, and therefore, is the most desirable among eight environments.

Relationship between grain quality-related traits and daily mean temperature/sunshine hours during grain filling stage was analyzed using eleven high quality rice varieties at 24 experimental sites through eight provinces of Korea in 2013~2014. In the data set pooled across varieties, experimental sites and years, grain quality-related traits such as percentage of head rice (PHR), head rice yield (HRY), protein in milled rice (PRO) and Toyo Mido Meter glossiness value (TGV) were higher at the temperature lower than 22.6℃ for 40 days after flowering (DAF), which was optimum for percentage of grain filling in this study. Optimum sunshine hours for 40 DAF were 6.0~6.1 hr d -1 when considered PHR, HRY and TGV. PRO was associated with daily mean temperature and sunshine hours for 40 DAF in more varieties than the other traits. PRO was closely correlated with daily mean temperature during early filling stage and sunshine hours during early to mid filling stage, compared to other stages during grain filling. It is concluded that general trend in the variation of grain quality-related traits could be explained by the changes in daily mean temperature and sunshine hours during grain filling. In addition, climate conditions during early grain filling stage played important roles to enhance grain quality.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 직립 대립 다수성인 '수원108호'과 조숙 단경인 '밀양4호'를 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘보름1호’의 주 요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘보름1호’는 신풍 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. 보름 1호는 팔광땅콩에 비해 협당립수, 100립중 등이 높으며 100 립중이 105 g인 대립품종이며, 도복은 비교적 강한 특성을 나 타내며 갈반병, 그물무늬병, 흑반병은 비슷한 정도이다. 보름1 호는 단백질이 29.8%, 기름함량이 49.9%이고 양질지방산중 올레산(54.5%)이 리놀산(28%) 보다 더 높아 산화안정성이 양호한 특성을 가진다. ‘보름1호’는 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 풋땅콩 수량이 전국평균 10.16 ton/ha로서 ‘팔광’땅콩에 비하 여 8% 증수되었다. ‘보름1호’는 대립종이므로 적기에 파종하 고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기 병해 방제에 유의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품 종이다(등록번호: 제 4522호).

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 단경 대립 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 대립 고품질인 ‘팔광’과 단경 소분 지 자원인 ‘중국수집종-1’을 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘상안’의 주요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘상안’은 신풍 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 단경 소분지성이다. ‘상 안’은 주당 성숙협수는 40개이며 ‘대광’ 땅콩에 비해 협실비 율, 성숙립중비율, 100립중등 양호한 성숙특성을 보이며 100 립중이 96 g인 대립품종이고, 갈반병, 흑반병에 비교적 강하 고 그물무늬병과 흰비단병은 다소 발병이 되고 있으며 도복 도 비교적 강한 특성을 나타낸다. ‘상안’은 단백질이 29.1%, 기름함량이 48.5%이고 지방산은 올레산과 리놀산의 비율이 같은 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘상안’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 전국평균 4.87 ton로서 대광땅콩에 비하여 15% 증수되었다. ‘상안’은 경장이 짧고 신풍형으로 병해에도 비교적 강한 편이 나 충분한 성숙을 위하여 경기북부와 강원도, 산간 고냉지를 제 외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다(등록번호 제 4717호).

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수성 신품종 육성을 위하여 직립 대립인 ‘YG60’과 조숙 단경인 ‘YG55’를 인공교배하여 ‘Jaseon’육성하였다. ‘자선’은 신풍초형으로 초기 개화가 많고 잎이 농녹색이며 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. 주당 협수는 35개로서 팔광땅콩에 비해 2개 적으나 풋협중이 무겁고, 상품협비율(93%)이 높고, 100립중이 98 g인 대립품종이다. 생육후기까지 도복에 비교적 강한 특성을 나타내며 흑반병, 그물무늬병, 흰비단병에 비교적 강하다. ‘자선’의 조단백 함량이 26.3%, 조지방 함량이 43.2%이고 양질지방산인 올레산과 리놀산을 78.6% 함유하고 있다. ‘자선’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 전국평균 풋땅콩수량이 10.21 ton/ha로서 팔광땅콩에 비하여 15% 증수하였고 건조 종실중은 4.37 ton/ha로서 11% 증수하였다. ‘자선’은 대립종이므로 적기에 파종하고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기병해 방제에 유의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.