이 연구는 청소년의 다양한 비행행동을 설명하기 위해 개인적 요인, 가족요인, 학교요인과 지역사회요인을 모두 고려하여 이들의 상대적 중요성을 측정해 보고자 하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 선행연구들은 이들 각각의 영향력을 살펴보는 데 집중을 해왔던 반면 이 요인들을 한 모델안에서 함께 고려하여 상대적 영향력을 알아보려는 시도는 많지 않았다. 이러한 한계점을 보완하기 위해 이 연구는 기존의 범죄원인론 중 자아통제론과 자아존중감이론, 사회유대이론과 사회해체이론, 그리고 일상생활이론 등을 가지고 분석틀을 구성하였다. 선정된 변수는 개인적 수준에서 자아통제력과 자아존중감, 가족적 수준에서 가족의 화합정도와 부부의 갈등정도, 학교상황에서는 학교교육에 대한 불신과 학교생활만족도, 지역사회 수준에서는 유흥업소의 범람과 지역의 무질서, 그리고 지역사회의 비공식적 통제력에 대한 인식을 선정하였다. 종속변수인 청소년비행을 측정하기 위해서는 폭력비행 재산비행 지위비행, 성비행을 측정하였다. 1,122명의 서울시내 중학교와 고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 조사를 하였으며, 수집된 데이터는 성별, 교급별로 나누어서 분석되었다. 분석결과 전반적으로 볼 때 model에 포함된 모든 변수들이 어느 정도는 모두 영향력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 특히 자아통제와 가족통합정도, 학교에 대한 불신, 지역사회무질서, 유흥업소의 범람이 상대적으로 큰 영향력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별, 교급별 분석결과를 보면 남녀학생모두에게 자아통제력은 비행을 저지하는 힘으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났고, 유흥업소의 수는 남녀학생 모두에게 영향을 주고 있지만 지역무질서는 남학생의 비행에만 영향을 준다는 차이를 보였다. 자아통제력은 중학생보다는 고등학생에게 더 의미있는 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 결론에서는 몇가지 정책적 함의와 제언을 제시하였다.

The causes of juvenile crimes are varying with many reasons, can not be just defined with one reason. It is very easy for juveniles to become violent and fall into misdeed, bad social environment; such as, family or parents' divorce problems accelerates this kind of misbehavior, especially when they are mentally acuity in this stage of their lives. On the impulse of the moment directly connects to the delinquencies which make their life miserable and furthermore, they become an obstruction of the society and country. Juvenile delinquents have to be take cared with psychological treatments, such as using a dog, because their hearts are dried up for many reasons. It is possible to help delinquents in The Chun An Juvenile Prison to reduce criminal minds and violent behaviors through psychological treatments and reform edification to make them love animals. This study has been researched through result of surveysand MMPI tests on guard diaries and observation record for using dogs as a treatment for violent reduce of juvenile delinquents in The Chun An Juvenile Prison. With the result, we came to the conclusion that it will be a suitable program for juvenile and female delinquents in the future.

The purposes of this study are to conduct comparative study between juvenile correctional education and alternative education system and to suggest ways to make juvenile correctional education more effectively. The ideology for establishment of juvenile correctional schools and alternative schools is very similar from the point of view that both schools deal with maladjusted students. However, the juvenile correctional schools emphasize more toward vocational training while alternative schools stress human nature recovery. The alternative schools organize classes such as meditation, yoga and mind control diary to develop human nature. In addition, teacher professionalism and more diverse instructional teaching methods need to be developed in juvenile correctional schools. The alternative schools pursue to teach future oriented knowledge instead of simple acquisition of skills, move towards small schools, student-oriented curriculum, and education that can be learned from daily life. To make more effective juvenile correctional education and to incorporate merits of alternative school systems, following improvement schemes are suggested. Firstly, considering that main purpose of juvenile correctional school is to correct delinquent subculture, the juvenile correctional education need to stress more towards curriculum by accommodating mind recovery subjects and activities. Secondly, it is important to motivate students in participating school activities through providing opportunities for voluntary involvement. Thirdly, the juvenile schools need to accommodate mind cultivation program so that students can realize how much they meant to society and to recover their value to society. In addition, to conduct effective education, teachers need to be trained for professional growth, including education reimbursement programs. It is teacher's responsibility to guide maladjusted students by developing their teaching and counseling abilities. Finally, it is necessary to organize evaluation system for curriculum and course organization, by including students and parents.

1920년대나 1930년대에 日常으로 쓰이던 漢字어휘 상당수를 지금은 사용하는 이를 찾아보기 어렵다.漢字語만 사라지는 것이 아니다.‘險-머흐러울 험’,‘危-바드라울 위’,‘疲-시드러울 피’,‘匡-바룰 광’과 같이 漢字학습을 통해서 익힐 수 있는 고유어도 함께 사라져 간다.이것이 漢字를 버린 오늘의 韓國語모습이다.이제 漢字語든 固有語든 韓國語資産을 예전처럼 되살리기는 어려울지도 모른다.그러나 길은 있다고 생각한다.그것은 바로 ‘漢字敎育을 통한 國語敎育正常化’다.여러 가지 방법을 찾을 수 있을 것이다.漢字를 이용한 카드놀이,노래하듯 가르치는 한자학습 등은 이미 일부에서 시행되고 있다.그런데 우리는 너무 쉽게만 가르치려 한다.漢字는 분명히 어려운 것이다.그것을 쉽다고 한다.아이들이 쉽다고 생각하고 漢字학습을 시작했다면 머지않아 지루해하고 어려워 할 것이다.우리는 먼저 아이들에게 “漢字는 어려운 것이다.그러나 數學이나 영어보다는 쉽다.어렵고 지루한 과정을 참고 精進하는 것이 배움의 길이요,학문의 길이다.”라는 것을 말해 줄 수 있어야 한다.조상들께서 漢字를 사용하시던 漢字學習방법은 오늘에도 훌륭한 敎授法이다.그러나 이제는 전통학습이 어떤 것인지도 아는 이가 드물다.拙稿졸고는 전통 蒙學敎材몽학교재를 활용한 학습 방법을 현대화하여 適用할 수 있는 方案을 모색해 보자는 생각에서 쓰였다.물론 지금의 아이들은 예전에 漢文만 반복적으로 외워서 文理가 트이던 학동들과는 여러 가지 여건이 다르다.다른 공부가 많다고 하여도 數學이나 英語를 배우기 위해 쏟는 노력의 10%만이라도 漢字敎育에 마음 쓴다면 數學도 쉬워지고 다른 모든 敎科의 용어를 이해하는 데도 절대적인 효과를 발휘한다.本稿에 관해 여러 異見이 있을 수는 있겠지만 우리의 목표는 같다.아직은 어떤 敎授法이 더 나은가에 관해 결론을 내릴 때는 아니다.역할을 分擔분담해서라도 여러 가지 교수법을 연구할 필요가 있다.이 論考가 그 여러 가지 실험 대상 중의 하나로서 하나의 실마리를 제공할 수 있다면 필자의 福일 것이다.

특정 선량에서 감마선은 조직의 성장을 자극하거나 호르메틱 효과를 나타낸다. 참전복에 다른 양의 감마선을 조사한 후 성장과 생존율에 미치는 효과를 2004년 2월부터 2005년 1월까지 관찰하였다. 각장의 성장은 평균 3.45~0.4cm 참전복에게 0~20Gy방사선을 조사한 후 48주 동안 관찰하였다 가장 높은 성장은 4 Gy 조사군에서 관찰되었고, 20 Gy 조사군에서 가장 낮은 성장이 관찰되었다. 방사선 조사에 따른 전복내의

This study tried to explain the long-term effect of incarceration at the time of youth, and to suggest suitable treatments to prevent recidivism. For the research, a sample of 233 inmates who were within 6 months of release and over 2 years of incarceration were recruited at the 9 prisons. The main findings are the followings: First, inmates who were incarcerated as a youth (as younger they were at that age) had difficulty adapting to their families and the society. It seemed that they needed the constant observation and the support in their adaptation period. Secondly, inmates incarcerated in juveniles had a much higher and a more violent crime rate compared to the inmates incarcerated at the time of adult. Early state juvenile inmates needed an active assistance to prevent recidivism. In third, statistics showed that even though occupation training rate was high, few inmates had certificates among the inmates incarcerated in juveniles. It seems that there should be more motivative programs to make inmates more comfortable in participating in training programs. In forth, since most of the inmates are concerned about their life after their release, it is becoming important that there should be a more efficient program regarding the prevention of recidivism and widening the possibility of past inmates to getting employed.

This study aims at first reviewing the international principles and domestic law and rules for juvenile inmates' contact with their family members. The convention on the rights of the child and the U.N. rules for the protection of juveniles deprived of their liberty stress the role of family contact and family strengthening strategies in achieving successful reentry and reintegration of inmates. And the Correction law and the Regulation for treatment of juvenile inmates define family strengthening program such as letter sending, visitation in person, family reunion events, telephone service but do not give more detailed directions for juvenile inmates. Based on the notion that the role of family contact and family solidarity is more significant meaning in psychological, mental development of youthful offenders, more active family involvement is inevitable for juvenile inmate's reentry. This article also shows current status of family contact of juvenile inmates with a small survey results. Most of them appear to maintain family contact via letter, telephone, and in-person visitation but, as expected, the frequency decreases as prior criminal records and the sentencing length increase. However, regardless of frequency of family contact, juvenile inmates expect that their family helps them in reintegrating into society. In that point, we need to think offender's family as necessary resources for successful reentry of inmates.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among narcissism, self-esteem, and aggressiveness of the juvenile convicts incarcerated in a correctional institution. From the results of the study, we expected to obtain basic information and data needed in developing correctional educational programs to reduce their recidivism. The survey research was done on a population of 189 juvenile offenders incarcerated in a juvenile prison. The study utilized the t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis as major statistical techniques. The study examined the following research questions: 1. What are the relationships among narcissism, self esteem, and aggressiveness of these juvenile convicts? 2. What are the impacts of narcissism and self esteem on their aggressiveness? According to the findings of correlation analysis, the juvenile convicts' narcissism was found to be significantly associated with their aggressiveness. The findings of regression analysis showed that such variables as the juvenile convicts' narcissism, self-esteem, and the relationships with their parents play a significant role in determining their aggressiveness. The study suggests that we should make more efforts in developing correctional educational program for juvenile convicts, so they can develop a healthy personality.

The purpose of these study was to find out the effect of sports counselling program for a juvenile delinquent students. So, on the subject of three advises, we studied on detailed fields including mental stability, responsibility, prudence, self-esteem, v

This study is to understand the unique experiences of female juvenile delinquents, through analysis of the characteristics on delinquency and victimization of female juvenile delinquents, and to provide the improvements of the treatment of them. For this purpose, the reseacher analyzed the survey data on juvenile delinquency and victimization from 270 female and 290 male juvenile delinquents. The extent of girls' victimization such as neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual abuse in childhood is much greater than boys'. It is remakable for difference between female and male in physical and sexual abuse. And the times of girls' physical and sexual abuse were also early than boys'. Victimization rates of the female subgroup experienced the prostitution are most great in all juvenile subgroups. This result finding supports that girls' victimization are linked with subsequent delinquent behavior. Especially sexual abused girls were inclined to have more seriousness in a variety of criminal behaviors than the control girls. They were at increased risk for prostitution. But violent offenses seem to be no difference between subgroups. These findings suggest that part of abused girls be getting to escalate to criminal offending. And they had a tendency to have a low self-esteem and physical health problems, and to consider suicide. It is that abused girls develop antisocial or delinquent lifestyles that persist into adulthood as serious criminal careers. There is no single solution to female juvenile delinquency. But, first of all, it is necessary to provide gender-specific programs for abused girls such as specialized trauma treatment. Gender-specific programs must not only consider the risk factors leading girls to delinquency, but also focus on the protective and mitigating factors that foster strengths in adolescent girls. These protective factors include 'gender identity development', 'positive relationships with women adults', 'escalating self-esteem', 'educating about sexuality', etc.

A minor of juvenile criminals will be accept judical review of judical officer against probable cause and reliability in all the circumstances. First Offender Program, Pre-trial Intervention, Adjustment Service and so on a form of the variety be in force an operation in particular a State or County. An introduction of the Final Warning Scheme must be enforced at any cost a link in a settle on a plan of guidance or the prevention of a second offense an instance in The United Kingdom. Due to the overflowing cases, procedures became so simplified that the rights of defendant are not being fully guaranteed and so on in korean criminal justice. The criminal behavior and the Justice system shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial after indictment. If is the right an occasion infringement, dismissal the prosecution. The minor crimes of minor juvenile criminals can be filtered out at the beginning stage of criminal procedure and offender without being branded as a criminal can have a better chance to return to society. The criminal justice system which takes rigidity of procedure to protect the defendant's rights can be established. The review of prosecutor's decision to charge will be due to competent evidence. The prediction of criminal behaviour recent developments in research and policy based on the proposition and the criminal behavior and the justice system or psychological perspectives. The selective incarceration, a probation, a parole and diversion and so on make an attempt in a step of the correction and The strategic patrol or the problem oriented policing or and so on the state for the prevention of crime in the intervention of a various kinds. It is not at all responsible certainly reflect the dark side. Yet, it is necessary for, The minor juvenile is necessary for ones own hand by advocating or condemning it in accordance with his conscience, rather than trying to evade it. and so on true positive, true negative, false negative, false positive. A study suggests that in order to solve the problem of the minor offenses should be sorted out and treated promptly by a separate simple procedure. So much surely an attempt for a rehabilitation and an efficient treatment presupposes a prediction of the criminal.

Hemangiomas are different from true vascular malformations in thei l‘ pathogenesis and cl inical prognosis. There are sti ll no standardized antibodies to distinguish hemangioma and vascular malformation apparently. We compared juvenile hemangioma and vascular malformation with immunohistochemjstry using va ri OllS antibodies, i.e. , ANG, bFGF, VEGF. EGFR, vWF. PCNA. p53. maspin, and TNF- . A very st rong positive expression of ANG and vWF was observed mainly in the vascular endothelial cells of juvenile hemangioma. VEGF s howed st rong positive reaction in the juveni le hemangioma, but p53 showed no positive reaction. Ancl a strong positive reaction of ANG was observed in the vascular endothelial walls of vascular malformation. p53 was frequently positive in the lining endothel ial cells in the vascular malformatJOn Using a ntiboclies such as VEG F'. ANG. vWF which a re related to the proliferation and matllrity of the vessel components. and p53 antibodies in order to confirm between juvenile hemangioma and vascular malformation would be helpful

전체 형법범 중 소년 형법범의 비중은 감소하고 있으나 소년 강력범의 비중은 오히려 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 그동안 사법당국은 다이버전 정책에 따라 가능한 소년사범에 대해 형사적 재재 보다는 선도와 보호정책을 견지한 것이 사실이다. 그러나 공식통계를 분석한 결과 소년 강력범의 비중이 점차 증가추세에 있고, 재범의 비중도 높아 현행 사법처우에 한계가 있음을 보여준다. 소년 강력범은 범행성향이나 피해자에게 미치는 영향, 그리고 해당 소년의 인격성장에 미치는 영향이 다른 범죄 보다 심각함으로 차별화된 사법처우가 필요하다. 따라서 첫째, 경찰과 검찰의 단계에서의 전담제, 그리고 소년법원의 설치 및 이에 따른 검사선의주의와의 조화, 둘째, 소년의 개인적 특성과 환경에 대한 철저한 조사를 위한 소년분류심사원의 기능강화 및 검찰이 기소하는 소년 강력범에 대한 환경조사 등의 필수적 실시, 셋째, 소년원학교의 획일적인 특성화 교육과정을 지양하고, 소년 강력범에 적합한 보호와 교육과정의 시행, 넷째, 전자감시제, 병영훈련캠프 등의 다양한 보호관찰 제도 운용 등의 대책을 제시하였다.

본 논문에서는 지난 10여년에 걸쳐 미국에서 수행된 소년미결구금제도의 개혁에 관해 고찰하고 있다. 미국에서 소년미결구금제도의 개혁에 관한 논의를 추동시킨 현실적인 문제점은 소년미결구금시설의 과밀화였다. 과밀수용이라는 현실적인 문제점에서 출발하기는 하였지만, 개혁안의 기초를 이루는 것은 소년에 대한 미결구금은 예방적 목적뿐 아니라 소년의 사회복귀를 지원하는 서비스를 제공해야 한다는 치료적 미결구금이라는 개념과 함께 미결구금이 단지 폐쇄적인 미결구금시설이라는 장소를 지칭하는 제한적인 개념에서 벗어나 소년의 보호감독의 필요에 따라 다양한 점진적인 제재와 보호감독을 제공하는 과정으로서의 미결구금이라는 개념이다. 이에 따른 실제적인 개혁방안들은 폐쇄적인 시설구금에 대한 다양한 대안프로그램들의 마련과 미결구금의 남용을 억제하기 위한 객관적이고 효율적인 입소정책의 마련에 초점이 맞추어졌다. 이러한 개혁방안들을 수행한 지역에서는 재판불출석률과 재범률이 증가하지 않으면서도 폐쇄적인 시설 구금률이 감소하면서 비용도 감소시키는 결과를 낳은 것으로 평가된다. 이러한 미국의 소년미결구금제도의 개혁과 그를 수행하는 과정에서 얻게 된 경험과 교훈은 높은 구속률과 미결구금의 남용이라는 우리가 처한 현실적인 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안을 모색하는데 있어 시사하는 바가 크다.

The purposes of this study are to review some practical experiences in multi-agency collaboration efforts for the juvenile delinquents in U.S. and to make policy implications, practice for a better multi-agency collaboration system in Korea. Based on these findings, this study suggests multi-agency collaboration for the juvenile delinquents in the juvenile justice process in Korea as follows: First, Goverment should legislate for multi-agency collaboration in the juvenile justice process, establish collaboration system and juvenile correctional center. Second, Collaboration managers or coordinator should be trained so that they can play a variety of professional roles in managing collaboration programs and developed the various programs. Third, The supporting organizations such as goverment, enterprises, schools, social welfare agency, united way, voluntary agency or group, community should be developed and, furthermore, supporting thing such as juvenile justice information resources, financial, technical assistance to enhance the capacity of those correctional institutions.

The purpose of these study was to find out the effect of sports counselling program for a juvenile delinquent students. So, on the subject of three advises, we studied on detailed fields including mental stability, responsibility, prudence, self-esteem, v

The purpose of this study was to examined the relationship of juvenile delinquents' multifactorial self concept and probability of re-offense. The sample of research was consisted of juvenile offenders in juvenile protection facilities and juvenile prison which are located in Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, Cheon. The result from the regressions to the future probability of re-offense with multifactorial self concepts shows that moral-ethical self concept was negaively related with the probability of re-offense in the four type of delinquent behaviors except rape, personality-related self concept was negatively related with the robbery, violent behavior and rape, social self concept was negatively related with the theft but positively related with violent behavior, ability-related self concept was positively related with rape, and family self concept was negatively related with probability of all the type of delinquent behaviors. The result from the regressions with the interaction terms shows that the four interaction terms significantly were related with the probability of re-offense.