This study is aimed to improve safety of ladle in the metal products manufacturing industry. Burns may occur from spills, spatters or eruptions of hot metal from ladles during pouring or transporting. According to the statistics of occupational accidents about the ladle, many victims were exposed to or contacted with extreme temperatures. The many fatal injuries occurred as a result of unexpected discharging of molten metal due to tipping over ladles. To prevent ladles from turning over, the trunnion axis shall be located below the center of gravity of the ladle at all operating condition. For this purpose, the equation is proposed to calculate the minimum location of a trunnion axis for definite static stability when tilting.

Occupational fatal injury rate per 10,000 population of Korea is still higher among the OECD member countries. To prevent fatal injuries, the causes of accidents including human error should be analyzed and then appropriate countermeasures should be established. There was an severe converter furnace accident resulting in five people death by chocking in 2013. Although the accident type of the furnace accident was suffocation, many safety problems were included before reaching the death of suffocation. If the safety problems are reviewed throughly, the alternative measures based on the review would be very useful in preventing similar accidents. In this study, we investigated the converter furnace accident by using human error analysis and accident scenario analysis. As a result, it was found that the accident was caused by some human errors, inappropriate task sequence and lack of control in coordinating work by several subordinating companies. From the review of this case, the followings are suggested: First, systematic human error analysis should be included in the investigation of fatal injury accidents. Second, multi man-machine accident scenario analyis is useful in most of coordinating work. Third, the more provision of information on system state will lessen human errors. Fourth, the coordinating control in safety should be performed in the work conducting by several different companies.

The scale of construction industry recently tends to become bigger and larger in line with development of construction technologies and methods. Although increasing usage of construction machinery has led to improving productivity, reducing schedule and cost, constructions workers have been exposed to unstable work environment, causing more and more accidents. Construction machinery-related laws and regulations has not been enacted and reflected the conditions and circumstances of the construction industry in a timely manner. A various construction machinery and equipments produced and changed in structure randomly are so widely used that related-accidents may occure gradually. Propose a plan for accidents prevention through the analysis of characteristics and cases on construction machinery-related accidents over the past five years from 2009 to 2013.

There has been an increase in fire/explosion accidents caused by chemical substances used in new small/medium sized construction, reconstruction, or extension sites. There is vast room for improvement, especially in safety training, safety inspection, and selection of countermeasures because training, technicality, and management systems regarding fire·explosion risks in small/medium sized construction sites are very immature in most cases. The purpose of this study is to propose a differentiated technical, educational, and management application plan for preventative management of fire·explosion accidents caused by chemical substances used in small/medium sized construction sites.

Marine casualties originated from fishing vessel occupied about 70% of the whole marine casualties in Korea from 2001 to 2010, this ratio was not much changed as it was before. Therefore a pragmatic counterplan to decrease of casualties in fishing vessel is indispensable for reduction of the nationwide marine casualties. But since the casualties occurred by fishing vessel may have a different causes and counterplan according to the operating type of it, in this paper, fishing vessels classified into 12 types by operating method and inspected the causes and counterplan for that. The operating type of fishing vessel occurred the specific casualties more were jig boat in collisions and fire explosion, trap fishing boat, mixed fishing boats and inshore gill netter in collisions, stow netter in machinery damages and capsizing, offshore gill netter in machinery damages, fish carrier in collisions. It must be emphasized that the higher ranked types of vessels, especially jig boat have to take special care to the approaching vessels under way, trap fishing boat to rear look out and mixed fishing boat must keep on safety speed and be taken an education for advance the skill of operating radar as well. For all 12 types of fishing vessel, it is necessary for an operator to make strict precaution on the other vessel under way systematically and keep the regulation for preventing collisions, and for an engineer on watch to make a check the electricity and the engines periodically for reduction the fire explosion and machinery damages.

Cats form social groups in which individuals recognize each other, and the cohesiveness of the group is maintained by a variety of amicable behaviors. We are aimed to provide the available knowledges about the prevention and correction methods for the behavior problems in cats through literature review. As the results, The behavior problems of cats may occur between group members and between group members and non-group members. Within the domestic environment, the behavior problems of cats may become a problem when it is directed at house-mates or humans. Differential diagnosis and treatment of various problems of the behavior problems of cats are discussed.

인도네시아 자카르타의 판타이무티아라 지역은 연간 20~25cm씩 지반침하가 발생하고 있다. 이 지역은 매립지로서 기초지반공사를 시공할 때 지반안정화 공사의 미비로 인하여 지반침하 현상이 발생하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 지반침하를 예방하는데 소요되는 비용과 지반침하를 예방함으로써 얻을 수 있는 편익을 계산하여 보고자 한다. 또한 계산된 비용과 편익의 비율을 토대로 조사지역을 보존할 가치가 있는지에 대하여 논의하고자 하였다.

본 연구는 산불예방 정책에 있어 대국민 홍보효과의 최적화를 위한 방안을 도출하기 위하여 등산객들의 인식을 분석하여 산불예방에 대한 실용적이고 합리적인 정책적 방안 수립을 위한 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 산불예방 정책에 있어 산불조심과 관련한 홍보물은 대다수의 응답자들이 TV를 통한 산불조심 홍보가 효과적이라는 인식을 가지고 있었으며, 소셜네트워크 등의 홍보매체 활용이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 산불 관련 과태료에 대해서는 다양한 의견들이 제시되어 적정 과태료에 대한 검토가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 입산통제구역 지정과 등산로 폐쇄 비율은 현행보다 상향해야 한다는 응답이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 입산통제구역 및 폐쇄 등산로 확인방법에 대해서는 산림청 홈페이지의 점진적 개선과 국립공원관리공단 등의 유관기관과의 적극적 협조를 통한 다양한 정보제공이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 입산자실화 등을 방지하기 위해서는 ‘등산 문화 개선을 위한 홍보’가 효과적이라고 응답한 것으로 보아 강압적인 방법보다는 다양한 교육과 홍보를 통한 등산객들의 산불예방 인식을 개선하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 대도시 및 인근 지역에서 산림청이 산불 담당기관으로서의 위상을 제고시키기 위해서는 보다 적극적인 언론매체를 통한 홍보가 필요하며, 다양한 산불예방 교육 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 등산객들의 일반적 특성에 따른 산불예방 정책 요소의 파급효과와 정책 요소들에서도 상호 미치는 영향은 다르게 나타나 계층별 맞춤형 제도 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

배추 벼룩잎벌레는 유기배추 재배초기부터 발생하여 잎을 집중적으로 가해하는 해충으로 유기농가에 큰 피해를 주고 있으나 배추 벼룩잎벌레의 친환경적 방제 기술이 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 벼룩잎벌레 선호 및 기피식물을 배추 주위에 재배하면서 배추 주요해충인 배추좀나방, 벼룩잎벌레, 배추흰나비의 발생밀도를 비교하였다. 선호식물인 얼청갓, 적겨자, 겨자채 재배구와 기피식물인 바질, 레몬밤 재배구를 배추단작구인 대조구와 비교하였다. 2013년 9월 2일 배추와 주위작물 정식 후 9월 16일부터 10월14일까지 일주일 간격으로 5회에 걸쳐 배추좀나방(성충), 배추벼룩잎벌레(성충), 배추흰나비(유충)의 밀도를 조사한 결과 배추좀나방과 배추흰나비는 처리간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 벼룩잎벌레의 경우, 선호식물인 겨자채, 얼청갓 처리가 배추 단작처리와 유사한 밀도를 보인 반면 적겨자 주위재배 처리는 9월30일에 배추 단작처리에 비해 2배 이상 많이 발생하였다. 한편 기피식물 주위재배 시에는 배추에서 벼룩잎벌레가 전 작기에 걸쳐 거의 발생하지 않았다. 이는 기피식물을 배추 주위에 재배하는 것이 벼룩잎벌레의 예방효과를 가져올 수 있음을 보여주며, 유기농 배추 재배에서 중요한 기술이 될 것으로 생각된다.

PURPOSES: Surface treatment is a favorable method in the pavement preventive maintenance. This study (Part Ⅰ) aimed to develop the low viscosity filling material for waterproof characteristics and high penetrable and weather resistance, and a series of companion study (Part Ⅱ) presents the coating characteristics and performance analysis using field and lab tests. METHODS : Hydrophobic characteristics of the advanced surface treatment material are observed and measured the filling depth and the permeability for sand and asphalt pavement specimen using the water absorption test and permeability test, X-RAY CT test. Color difference for the weather resistance using ultraviolet ray accelerated weathering test is compared with asphalt pavement specimens. RESULTS : The developed material shows the decreased water absorption and increased impermeable effect because of the hydrophobic characteristics. It is found that the filling depth is about 6mm and weather resistance is better than asphalt pavement specimen. CONCLUSIONS: The advanced hydrophobic - low viscosity filling treatment material is developed in this study (Part Ⅰ) to improve the waterproof characteristics and high filling capacity and weather resistance for the pavement preventive maintenance.

본 연구는 경북 K교도소 60세 이상 수용자의 치매유병률 파악과 노인 수용자들의 삶의 질 향상도모와 치매의 조기 발견으로 중증화로의 진행을 방지하기 위하여, 60세 이상 수용자 전체를 대상으로 치매선별검사(간이정신상태검사), 우울증, 자존감을 측정하였으며, 검사시 프로그램참여 여부를 확인하고, 검사결과가 나온 후, 프로그램참여 여부를 재확인하여, 인지저하자 중 자발적인 참여자 18명을 대상으로 “인지강화프로그램”을 실시하였다. 사후에는 사전과 같은 검사와 더불어 만족도 검사를 실시하였다. 사전. 사후 비교시 치매선별검사의 인지점수는 향상되고, 우울점수는 낮아져 효과적인 것으로 나타났지만, 자존감엔 변화가 없었다. 그러나 참여자들의 만족도는 높아 수용자들의 삶의 질 향상엔 기여하고 있었다.

Digital dementia becomes an issue these days which causes failure of one’s memory and calculation ability because many people rely heavily on digital devices, such as smart phones. Smart devices themselves become smarter and smarter whereas digital device users become dumber and dumber, and finally they are suffering from digital dementia. Serious games can be defined as games which combine entertainments with various applications. They relieve the negative opinions which belong to existing games, so many game titles have been released as serious games in these days. This research is motivated by the fact that serious games were originated to overcome practical issues. In this paper, a serious game is presented to prevent digital dementia and its effectiveness is shown. The proposed serious game is composed of simple four fundamental arithmetic operations which improve one’s calculation ability. Since simple arithmetic operations are familiar regardless of one’s age, they are chosen. Everyone can enjoy the game beause random factors are added. This paper concludes that serious games can be used to prevent digital dementia very effectively.

Automobile was first introduced in 1903 in South Korea, the masses of the car was carried out rapidly compared to other countries. However, many people were killed in a traffic accidents and economic loss was occurred due to the spread of the automobile. In South Korea, 2012, traffic accident occurred 223,656 times, 5,392 fatality, 344,565 injured people. In the last five years, about 224,000 accidents per year were occurring. In other words, 610 traffic accidents occur and about 15 people pass away in one day. In addition, the proportion of traffic accidents is first place in the OECD countries and it is very high in the world. Understand occurrence tendency of traffic accident, accident frequency rate of the driver who drives more than 10 years was higher than the novice driver. In addition, as a result of examining the cause of the traffic accident, breach of safe driving obligation appears highest case (125,391 times), and followed by signal violation, break safety distance. Therefore, the majority of traffic accidents occurred by the lack of safety awareness of the driver. In this study, prevent the loss of human life and property in traffic disaster, by establish disaster prevention measures that investigated by questionnaire survey and statistical data of the state of consciousness and driving posture in response to the driving history of the driver.

We undertook the quantitative evaluations of Industrial Accident Prevention Program (IAPP). The six parameters, such as relevance, efficiency, consistency, sustainability, effectiveness, coherence, were chosen by expert plenary sessions. Two stage of Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to determine the weighted value of assessment criteria. This expert plenary suggests that the six parameters and its weight values are useful for quantitative evaluations of IAPP. Additional researches regarding the real world application of this assessment tool should be initiated.

As workplace incidents has been being declining in Korea, there is criticism of the effectiveness of occupational safety policy implementation. It is unknown that which policy target group needs to be targeted to yield effective injuries prevention. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and reveal the policy intervention group with a high priority in terms of industrial incident prevention and the related investment cost. A Policy Priority Model(PPM) is composed of 6 indicators regarding influences of both the incident reduction and the cost reduction. Z-score analyses are used to confirm the high policy priority area or policy target group. Overall, workplace with worker below 50 persons, construction site with the sales of more than a hundred million won, workplace with relatively small percentage of female employees and relatively higher percentage of older worker should be prioritized to reduce workplace injuries. This paper provides an analytic way that can be used to decide the policy priority workplace in order not only to reduce work-related injuries&illnesses and the related investment cost but to further lessen the related societal costs.

Century-old nutrition and health concepts can be revived and applied in the modern age in the forms of newly developed menus, recipes, and lifestyle education. Current medical nutrition therapy concepts were first described in the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1897) in Korea based on the philosophy that food and medicine originate from the same source, which is known as ‘food as medicine’. Recognizing the importance of culture, tradition, local diet, and lifestyle on health and medical nutrition therapy, we tried to rediscover traditional Korean approaches towards food consumption and nutrition through systematic review of the literature and developed contemporary menus accordingly. The medical nutrition therapy prescriptions described in ‘Shikryochanyo’ (1460) by the Chosun Dynasty’s royal physician Soonyi Jeao cover 45 different diseases. In this project, we developed contemporary menus for those disease models that are most prevalent in modern society. Menus developed with foods that are readily available today were evaluated for their nutritional content and adequacy using a computer-aided nutritional analysis program (CAN pro 3.0, developed by the Korean Nutrition Society for comparison with RDA for Koreans). Therefore, century-old nutrition and health concepts can be revived and applied in modern society as newly developed menus recipes and lifestyle education.

본 연구에서는 심각해져가는 한·중의 청소년 범죄에 대한 양국의 관련법과 구체적인 예방정책의 현 실태를 조사하고 방향성을 제시하였다. 예방정책의 경우 가정·학교·사회의 세 차원에서 분석하였다. 첫째, 양국 모두 청소년에 대해 국친 사상에 기반을 둔 법적·정책적 접근을 시행하고 있다. 예컨대, 양국 모두 소년범에 대해서 교화적 접근을 기반으로 한 각종 법·제도적 실천을 명문화하고 있다. 또한, 청소년들의 올바른 성장과 주변인들의 책임 등에 대해 명시하고 있다. 둘째, 가정에 초점을 맞춘 청소년 범죄 예방정책으로 한국은 범죄에 취약한 가정의 청소년들을 대상으로 다양한 파트너쉽 프로그램을 운영하고 있다. 다만, 청소년 본인에 너무 그 초점이 맞추어지는 경향이 있으므로 부모, 친척 등 그 저변을 확대하기 위한 정책적 방향성이 필요하다. 중국의 경우 관련된 정책이 아직 존재하지 않는다. 셋째, 학교에 초점을 맞춘 청소년 범죄 예방정책으로 한국은 상담서비스를 제공하면서도 학생 전체의 관리를 강화하는 접근을 사용한다. 다만, 무엇보다 이를 효과적으로 구현할 기반이 부족하다. 중국의 경우, 범죄예방과 관련된 교육에 초점을 두는 접근을 시행하고 있다. 다만 이는 즉각적인 효과를 기대하기 힘들 뿐 아니라 다양한 원인에 바탕을 두고 일어나는 청소년 범죄에 대한 만능키라 보기 힘들다. 따라서 이 문제에 대한 정책적 다원화가 필요할 것이다. 넷째, 사회에 초점을 맞춘 청소년 범죄 예방정책으로는, 양국 모두 사회적 인프라를 구축하고 있다는 측면은 공통적이다. 더불어 한국에서는 제도적으로 중국에 비해 좀 더 다양한 정책을 시행하고 있다. 다만, 양 국가 모두 정부중심적인 획일적인 접근이라는 한계에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 따라서 무엇보다 정책실시의 주체를 다각화하는 것이 필요하다.