요 약 본 연구에서는 보청천 중권역의 어류군집 특성을 분석하 고 수질과의 상관관계를 연구하였다. 2008년부터 2013년 까지 4개 지점에서 총 50종이 채집되었으며, 우점종은 피라 미(Zacco platypus)와 참갈겨니(Zacco Koreanus)로 각각 26%, 23%의 출현율을 보였다. 내성도 길드별로는 내성종 이 30%, 민감종이 30%로 비교적 고른 분포를 보였으며 트 로픽 길드별로는 충식종이 51%, 잡식종이 42%로 충식종이 다소 우세하게 나타났다. 생물보전지수(IBI)는 평균 28.6으 로 Ⅲ(Fair~Poor) 등급이었고, 이·화학적 수질 분석 결과 최상류인 S1의 수질이 가장 좋았으며 S3까지 급격히 악화 되다가 S4에서 다소 회복되는 경향을 보여 상류에서 하류 로 갈수록 대체로 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 수질요소와 어류 군집간의 상관관계 분석에서 TN은 어류군집과 통계 적으로 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았으나 TP는 높아질수록 충식종 비율이 감소하고 잡식종 비율이 증가하는 등 섭식 길드와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. N:P ratio는 섭식길드와 의 관계에서 TP와 유사한 결과를 보였으며 내성도 길드와 의 분석에서도 증가할수록 민감종 비율이 증가하고 내성종 비율이 감소하여 어류 조성에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났 다.

식품안전보건지표는 그 활용성이 높아 국외에서는 종합적인 환경보건지표 내 세부영역에서 개발되어 활용되고 있으나, 국내의 경우 환경보건지표와 독자적으로 개발되어 도입단계에 있다. 본 연구에서는 기 개발된 식품안전 보건지표를 활용할 수 있는 방안을 사례연구의 형태로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 선정하여 제시한 활용방안으로는 지수화를 통한 통합식품안전보건지수 산출, 통합식품안전 보건지수와 이를 구성하는 식품안전보건지표간의 상관성평가, 통합식품안전보건지수와 사회경제적 지위와의 상관성평가가 있다. 지역 내에서 식품안전보건상태의 변화를 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수I과 해당 년도의 지역별 식품안전보건수준을 나타내는 통합식품안전보건지수II가 산출되었다. 통합식품안전보건지수I은 Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, 살모넬라, 원인미상으로 인한 식품매개질환 발생건수, 식품매개 법정감염병 발생률 중 장출혈성 대장균 발생률와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 통합식품안전보건지수II는 외국인 비율과 여성 비율이 증가할수록 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였고, 인구밀도가 증가할 수록 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 제시된 활용방안을 통해 전반적인 국내 식품안전보건상태와 지역별연도별 식품안전보건상태의 변화원인을 파악할 수 있으며, 식품안전과 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되는 기타 요인과의 연관성을 분석하여 추가적인 추론을 할 수 있다. 이 외에도 식품안전보건지표는 다양한 방면으로 활용이 가능하고, 정책적 기준 설정 및 방향성 제시의 근거자료로도 활용할 수 있으므로 향후 더욱 활발한 연구와 지속적인 관심이 필요하다.

본 연구는 국내 식품안전보건지표의 개발과정을 정립하기위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 국내 식품안전보건지표의 개발과정을 제안하고, 제안된 과정에 대해 시뮬레이션을 함으로서 타당성 검사를 실시하고, 개발된 지표의 활용방안을 제시하였다. 국내 식품안전보건지표 개발과정은 국내환경보건지표 개발과정을 주로 참고하여 설계되었으며, DPSEEA 모형을 적용하였다. 제안된 식품안전보건지표를 개발과정은 크게 개발단계와 운용단계로 나뉜다. 개발단계는 초기지표 제안, 후보지표 선정, 자료 현황 조사, 실행가능성 평가, 파일럿 스터디, 최종 지표 선정의 6단계로 구성되며, 운용단계는 주기적인 지표의 산출과 공표로 구성된다. 개발의 6개 단계는 전반적인 식품안전보건지표 개발을 총괄하는 Task Force팀과 각 개발 단계에서 제안된 지표를 검토 및 평가하는 자문위원회(최소 학계 4명, 연구계 2명, 식약처 관련부서 전문가 4명)의 단계적 역할분배를 통해 운영되도록 하였다. 제안된 과정의 타당성검토를 위해 시뮬레이션을 시행한 결과 제안된 45개의 초기지표중 최종적으로 4개의 지표(세부지표 17개)가 선정되었다: ‘국산 과일·채소류 내 잔류농약/제초제 잔류랑 적합판정비율’, ‘식품매개질환사고(outbreak) 발생 수’, ‘식품매개(food-borne) 법정전염병의 발생률’, ‘살모넬라 식중독(Salmonellosis) 발생률’. 선정된 지표는 지수화를 통해 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 2010~2012년의 지표를 토대로 비율차를 적용한 통합식품안전보건지수를 산출한 결과 2010년 대비 2011년, 2011년 대비 2012년의 통합식품안전 보건지수로 10.37과 9.87이 산출되었다. 이는 식품안전보건상태가 2010년에 비하여 2011년에 10.37%, 2011년에 비해 2012년에 9.87% 호전되었음을 의미한다. 또한, 개별지표의 변화를 살펴봄으로서 변화율에 기여도가 큰 지표를 파악할 수 있으며, 통합식품안전보건지수를 도식화함으로서 대중과 정책입안자의 이해를 높일 수 있다. 이와 같이 식품안전보건지표는 다방면으로 효율적으로 활용될 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 더욱 큰 관심과 함께 법안의 제정과 활발한 연구가 필요하다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of indoor air and health-related parameters (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) of subject of study (control group and sensitive group) in two schools. The schools were categorized into two groups of newly-built school and the school older than 5 years. Removal of indoor pollutant was investigated according to volume rates (0%, 1.5%, 3%) of indoor plants inside 3 classrooms respectively. The chemicals of indoor environmental research were PM10, Volatile organic compounds (toluene and benzene), formaldehyde, temperature and humidity. ARIA (Allergic rhinitis impacts on Asthma) test was used to assess health effect for 151 students. Also, The variation of SBS symptoms for students in classroom was measured by intervention. With increasing volume ratio of classrooms, there were positive and significant results between the indoor pollutant and student's health score. Students showed improvement health score during the period of putting indoor plants, which was facilitated by the placement of indoor plants at newly-built school classroom of indoor plants volume ratio 3%. From the results above, it could be tentatively effective newly-built school classroom of indoor plants volume ratio 3% improve indoor air quality and student's health score.

There are so many definition of good work but generally job quality can be useful to analyze the good work. Good work may include some factors about health or working environment. This paper was planned to investigate the level of job quality in Korean employees. Especially comparison of health status between low an high job quality can be analyzed. Korean Working Conditions Survey was used. The various job characteristics were categorized into 6 component of job quality using factor analysis. Statistically mean difference test and cross-tabulation analysis were used to identify the difference of health status and distribution of the level of job quality. The result has shown the different distribution of the level of job quality by the economic sectors and occupations statistically significant. The positive cases of all of six components of job quality was 2.1% of Korean employees and the negative cases of all six components of job quality was 1.5%. The subjective general health status was correlated with job quality but work-related stress was negatively correlated with the level of job quality. This study was heuristic one, more depth analysis will be needed to identify the relationship and causation of job quality and health status.

The primary purpose of present study, to take appropriate measures to prevent occupational accidents in the food service industry, was to evaluate characteristics of working condition and occupational safety and health. In order to fulfill our objective, profession and working environment, safety recognition and education, safety activities, physical conditions and accident experience were surveyed. To collect information and opinion in the field, face-to-face interviews were, using a structured questionnaire, carried out. Also, food service industry's accidents reported by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency at 2014 were statistically analyzed. In the resulting of analyzing data from a questionnaire survey of food service industry employees, safety/health train and management were increased.

Recently, the Ministry of Labour, published clause 2 of Article 41 (Risk Assessment) of the Act "Industrial Safety and Health" dated 12 June 2013 in connection with continuous increase of accidents at construction sites in order to prevent accidents in industrial safety and health in new construction in accordance with the risk assessment on construction projects are realized after March 13, 2014. In this paper, positive method of calculating risk discussed by performing research the awareness of general contractors and sub-contractors with presenting risky situation is considered. The purpose will be a positive method of calculating risk and would be a sufficient basе and give a positive direction in the development of new systems currently working in the construction and risk assessment which consider the characteristics of sufficient risk assessment system for future research.

The study conducted questionnaire analysis to 413 industrial safety field employees in order to examine the necessity and validity of industrial safety field's 17th neo-job classification based on National Competency standards(NCS). As a result, 50.1% of industrial safety management field and 43.3% of industrial health management field answered that classification details of occupational safety and health management field are classified by job(duty) performance. Industrial safety management field recognizes that management and engineering section play a significant role in their work, while industrial health management field recognizes worker's health care and work environment management and overall control of work environment assessment to be significant in their work. Furthermore, industrial safety management field recognizes that separating qualification and foundation of 'construction safety manager', 'chemicals(safety and health) manager', '(toxic)risk assessment evaluator or risk factor manager' to be highly significant. The study is meaningful in that it suggests industrial safety field's qualification items practical in industrial sites

The present study was designed to investigate health-related life habits, food preference, body composition for proper dietary habits, health promotion of communities in Incheon area. The effects of personal characteristics and health-related life habits such as gender, age, having breakfast, smoking, drinking, and exercise were analyzed using a surveying. 961 community subjects (262 males and 699 females) were investigated using a questionnaire and Inbody. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi squared test, and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The result of gender distribution showed there were 262 males and 699 females, and with respect to the effect of gender on healthrelated life habits, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas having breakfast was not significantly difference (p>0.05). Therefore, the present provide evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and gender. Regarding the effect of BMI on health-related life habits, exercise showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas smoking, drinking, and having breakfast were not significantly difference (p>0.05). Thus, the present study also provides evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and BMI. Our analysis shows that food preference and body composition were significant different from health-related life habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and having breakfast (p<0.05). Our analysis showed that body composition was significant differences from health related habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and breakfast (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that diet guidelines support and improve health promotion designed by communities.

The purposes of this study were to determine health consciousness and eating habits of dining business owners from Seongnam city. To figure out their health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, health care, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, working hours, dietary behavior pattern, dietary habits, and food intakes patterns. Out of 200 subjects, 104 (52.0%) were males and 96 (48.0%) were females. Their average age was 46.60. For education level, a majority of males graduated from college, whereas a majority of females graduated from high school. Average combined ratios of overweight and obese were 62.5% for males and 25% for females. A majority worked less than 3 years in the dining business area, but 37% of subjects worked more than 10 years. Average health level was favorable, but 38.9% of subjects had hypertension. Males' percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those of females. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was low. Males' average eating speed was faster than that of females and had low scores for desirable eating habits. The study shows that local business owners need to take care of their health.

The purpose of this study was to analyze average kimchi intake, general characteristics, frequency of daily meal intake, intakes of vegetables and fruits, and nutrient intakes in four serving size groups based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2012. The results showed an average amount of kimchi intake in subjects of 115.6 g, ranging from 0 g to 605.94 g. For daily meal intake except snacking according to kimchi serving size, all daily meal intakes increased significantly with increasing kimchi serving size (p<0.0001), and tendency of kimchi intake increased with more eating-out. As kimchi serving size increased, total intakes of vegetables and salted vegetables increased significantly (p<0.0001). However, unsalted vegetables intake did not show significant difference. Intake of fruits also increased with increasing kimchi serving size. As the serving size of kimchi increased, intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, sodium, and potassium increased significantly (p<0.0001). For intake of sodium, intakes of all groups exceeded 2,000 mg, which is the recommended level for Koreans. Moreover, the fourth serving size group consumed three times (6,546.35 mg) more sodium than the recommended level.

The purpose of this study was to synthetically examine the relationship between systemic diseases and periodontal diseases. The data of the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was applied for statistical analysis. The surveyed data were analyzed by using independent sample t-test for the difference between Body Mass Index and clinical test according to the existence of periodontal disease, and X2test for the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used in order to figure out the influence upon the existence of periodontal disease prevalence among general characteristics and relevant factors to systemic disease. As results, the value of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and HBA1C were statistically significant, depending on the presence of periodontal disease. As for the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease, hypertension (odds ratio 1.362, p<.05), cardiovascular disease (odds ratio 2.118, p<.05), arthritis (odds ratio 1.289, p<.05) and cirrhosis (odds ratio 6.124, p<.05) were statistically significant. In conclusion, the majority of the systemic diseases such as cardiovascular system, diabetes, and liver diseases have been considered to have relationship with periodontal disease. To strengthen oral health education is needed to enhance systemic health as well as oral health. Moreover, basic biological research should be followed to support this surveyed study.

This study aimed to identify the effects of health-related menu choice attributes on customer behavioral intentions at wellbeing restaurants and analyze the moderating effects of food involvement and trust, which can influence customer preference and their intentions to visit well-being restaurants. This study designed a survey, and 351 respondents who have eaten at well-being restaurants completed the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify underlying dimensions related to health-related menu choice attributes, food involvement, and customer behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants. The three factors regarding health-related menu choice attributes and the three factors related to food involvement were identified. In order to test the relationships between health-related menu choice attributes and behavioral intentions as well as to investigate the moderating effects of food involvement and trust, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the three factors of health-related menu choice attributes were significantly and positively related to behavioral intentions. Among food involvement factors, dining environment and cooking were significantly related to behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants. Trust had a significant influence on behavioral intentions. Results showed that food involvement and trust could moderate the effects of health-related menu choice attributes on behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants.

The current study examined whether and how players’ aggression is affected by playing games focused on Intrapersonal level of player. In contrast to most existing studies, our study asks about crucial underlying factors among the general game population and thereby investigates mental health belief, interdependent and independent self-construal, game-efficacy, loneliness, depression, gender and age. Results show that mental health belief is particularly important to the players because their aggressive tendencies are greatly diminished. Independent self-construal and game efficacy reduced the levels of players’ aggression. Interestingly, both depression and loneliness decreased the levels of players’ aggression. Results and implications are discussed.

목적 : 본 연구는 노인의 건강 증진 생활양식을 파악하고자 한글판 건강 증진 생활양식 프로파일(Korean Version of Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile; K-HELP)을 개발하고 K-HELP의 신뢰도를 검 증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 작업치료사 Hwang에 의해 미국에서 개발된 Health Enhancement Lifestyle Profile (HELP)의 한글판 개발을 위해 번안과정 및 내용타당도 검증을 거치고 국내 상황에 맞게 문항을 수정하여 K-HELP를 완성하였다. 완성된 K-HELP의 신뢰도 검증을 위해 내적일치도 및 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증을 실시하였다. 결과 : 완성된 한글 번역본 HELP을 보건의료전문가 9인에게 회부하여 검증받은 56문항에 대한 내용타당 도지수(Content Validity Index; CVI)는 .97로 높게 나타났다. 정상 노인 483명을 대상으로 한 신뢰도 검증 결과 전체 문항에 대한 내적일치도는 .82로 높은 수준으로 나타났고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .99로 매우 높은 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01). 결론 : 본 연구는 K-HELP의 개발과 신뢰도 검증을 통해 K-HELP가 노인의 생활양식과 건강수준을 측 정하는데 신뢰도가 입증된 도구임을 증명하였다. 본 연구를 토대로 K-HELP가 노인 건강 증진에 대한 질병 예방 및 적절한 중재를 제공하기 위해 사용되는 유용한 평가도구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a liquid sweetener of glucose-fructose monomer mixture, commonly known as replacement for sucrose (table sugar). HFCS was first applied to food companies in the early 1970s ever since there was a huge increase of its use worldwide, especially in beverage and processed food. While the metabolic and nutritional characteristics of HFCS have been widely studied, only recently has the role of HFCS in metabolic syndrome and other health issues emerged. Studies in many laboratories worldwide have built the evidence that excessive consumption of HFCS plays a crucial role in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and kidney disease. This manuscript reviews the history, manufacturing process, and nutritional and metabolic traits of HFCS and describes its involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndromes and obesity.

The purpose of this study was to synthetically examine the relationship between systemic diseases and periodontal diseases. The data obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was applied for statistical analysis. The surveyed data were analyzed by using independent sample t-test for the difference between Body Mass Index and clinical test according to the existence of periodontal disease, and X2 test for the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used in order to figure out the influence upon the periodontal disease prevalence among general characteristics and systemic diseases. As results, the values of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and HBA1C were statistically significant, depending on the presence of periodontal disease. As for the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease, hypertension (odds ratio 1.362, p<.05), cardiovascular disease (odds ratio 2.118, p<.05), arthritis (odds ratio 1.289, p<.05) and cirrhosis (odds ratio 6.124, p<.05) were statistically significant. According to Multiple logistic regression analysis, gender (odds ratio 1.24, p<.05), alcohol intake (odds ratio 1.25, p<.05), cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio 1.56, p<.05), and liver cirrhosis (odds ratio 1.17, p<.05) were related to the prevalence of periodontal diseases. In conclusion, the systemic diseases such as cardiovascular system, diabetes, and liver diseases revealed to have relationship with periodontal disease. To strengthen oral health education is needed to enhance systemic health as well as oral health. Moreover, basic biological research should be followed to support this surveyed study.

This study was conducted using a self boarding questionnaire survey to investigate body image perception, dietary habits and nutrient intakes according to interest level in health of female university students in Masan area (n=302). The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to interest level in health (‘High’ group, n=101, ‘Low’ group, n=201). Body image according to BMI was significantly different regardless of interest level in health (p<0.001). The answer percentage indicated that the purpose of weight control is health, regular use of the scale, and regular exercise were significantly higher in the high group (p<0.05). Nutrient knowledge score (p<0.01) and food frequency score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the high group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in nutrient intake, but intake, NAR and INQ of vitamin C were significantly higher in the high group (p<0.001). Nutrition knowledge score (p<0.01), food intake frequency score (p<0.01), and INQ and NAR of vitamin C (p<0.01) were positively correlated with the interest level in health. These results will be useful as a basis for the development of effective nutrition education programs in order to increase interest level in health and apply well in real life what have learned through the correct nutrition knowledge.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of health functional foods and preference for desired onion peel products. Questionnaires were distributed to 582 adults (34.2% male, 65.8% female) living in Gyeongnam province. The major information sources on biological effects of onions cited by respondents were TV/radio (37.1%), followed by nearby people (32.8%) and Internet (11.0%), in that order. Reducing cholesterol effect was the most important factor in terms of perception and concerns relating to biological function of onions. Over 73% of subjects had experience of eating processed onion products, and among all types of onion products, onion juice (53.5%) was the most frequently eaten. The most considered factors for processing onion peel-derived functional foods were taste & odor (29.6%), convenience of eating (28.9%), and nutrition value (27.1%), in that order.

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in older Korean women. A total of 340 women aged 65 to 74 were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. They were categorized into two groups according to bone status by T-score : a nonosteoporotic group and an osteoporotic group. Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment (MNA). The results are as follows: The mean age of 185 nonosteoporotic women was 69.6 years and that of 155 osteoporotic women was 70.9 years (p<0.001). The mean T-score of the nonosteoporotic group was －1.5 mg/cm3 and that of theosteoporotic group was －3.2 mg/cm3 (p<0.001). Height and body weight in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in BMI, although the BMI in the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher. Waist and hip circumferences in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.01, respectively), and the mid upper arm and calf circumferences were also significantly higher than in the osteoporotic group (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The 5 m walking ability was significantly superior compared to the osteoporotic group. Serum levels did not show any significant differences between the groups and were within normal range. The serum total protein, albumin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) levels of the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively). IGF was 104.7 ng/mL for the nonosteoporotic group and 88.1 ng/mL for the osteoporotic group. Physical activity and appetite in the nonosteoporotic group were significantly higher (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The favorite food groups of the nonosteoporotic group comprised more meats and fish than those of the osteoporotic group (p<0.05, respectively). Nutrient intake was not significantly different, with the exception of niacin intake (p<0.05), but the nutrient intake of the nonosteoporotic group was slightly higher than that of the osteoporotic group. The niacin intake of the nonosteoporotic group and the osteoporotic group were 11.4 mgNE and 10.0 mgNE, corresponding to 103.6% and 90.9% of the Korean EAR, respectively. The MNA score of the nonosteoporotic group was significantly more favorable than for the osteoporotic group. In conclusion, it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight and muscle mass. Habitual physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD for older women. Dietary factors, such as meat and fish, higher intake of niacin rich foods and nutrient status for older women also appear to have favorable effects on bone mineral density.