21세기에 관용은 상당히 어려운 주제이다. 관용이란 서로를 자유로운 자요 동등한 자로 인정하는 조건에서만 실제성을 가질 수 있다. 그런데 역 사적으로 살펴보면, 자신의 고유한 전통이 지닌 어두운 측면을 인식하게 되고, 따라서 정확하게 들여다보고 개별화해서 판단하지 않으면 안 될 것 이다. 물론 각 전통은 빛과 그림자를 가지고 있다. 그렇다면 우리는 다음의 질문들을 진지하게 생각해보아야 한다. 도대체 그리스도교의 역사는 관용 을 어떻게 이해하는가? 관용과 진리는 어떤 관계를 갖는가? 왜냐하면 각 신자들에게 신앙의 진리에 대해 기대하거나 요구하는 것은 관용의 지속적 인 주제이기 때문이다. 만일 그리스도교가 유일신교를 표방하는 종교라면 선천적으로 편협하고 배타적인 것이 아니겠는가? 또한 관용에 대한 사회의 물음에서 교회는 어떤 역할을 수행해야 하는가? 관용에는 한계가 있는가? 사회는 얼마나 많은 다름과 차이를 견뎌낼 수 있는가? 더군다나 교회 안에 서의 관용은 가장 위험한 것인데, 우리가 ‘복음적’이라고 말할 때는 그 어 떤 권위와 상관하지 않고 누구든지 자신이 원하는 바를 믿을 수 있다는 전 제를 바탕으로 하는 것이므로 이단과 사교의 문제를 어떻게 다룰 것인가? 분명히 관용은 올바른 삶을 소개하는 하나의 양식으로써 다양성을 가공하 는 것이다. 동시에 관용은 신자이면서 능동적인 시민이 되는 것을 허용하 는 것이기에 결코 정신분열증이나 모순적인 것이 아니다. 그래서 관용은 신앙의 범주에 해당된다. 이 논문은 이런 관점에서 종교개혁자들을 중심으 로 관용의 문제를 살펴보고 있다.

The growth of the Waste-to-Energy (WTE) industry is attracting attention as a powerful means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions; the Korean government is supporting various efforts such as increasing R&D investment. Despite the importance of the WTE industry, the analysis of R&D efficiency remains insufficient. This study analyzes the R&D efficiency of the Korean WTE industry and its determinants. After R&D activities are separated into input and output, R&D efficiency is analyzed with regard to whether R&D input contributes to increased R&D output using multiple regression and logistic regression methodologies based on the survey of Korean WTE firms. In the results of analysis, the introduction of new products and services was positively affected by R&D manpower and education-training. In addition, the redesign of products and processes was positively affected by R&D expenditure, R&D manpower, education-training, and the reward system. The policy implication is that education and training for R&D manpower should be provided to improve R&D efficiency, and there should be investment in basic and applied research and development research should be expanded to gain global compETitiveness.

국제해사기구의 e-Navigation 전략에 포함된 PNT서비스의 신뢰성 향상을 위해 GNSS 부재 시에도 활용 가능한 해사업무용 비동 기식 R-mode인 AIS-TWR 기법을 제안하고 성능을 평가하였다. 기존 정밀 동기에 기반을 둔 동기식 측위 기법과 달리 동기가 되어 있지 않 은 경우에도 메시지 교환을 통해 거리 측정이 가능하도록 AIS시스템 사양에 따른 동작 시나리오 제안 및 오차 요인을 분석하고 관련 식과 알고리즘을 도출하였다. 제안 기법의 성능 평가를 위해 추정 가능 한계를 나타내는 크래머-라오 하한을 제시하였으며 3km의 정적 환경에 놓 인 두 AIS 시스템을 대상으로 AIS-TWR 기법에 의한 시뮬레이션 결과 참 값 대비 약 41m의 추정 오차를 보였다.

This research, concrete materials used SHCC(Strain harding Cementitious Composite) in RC(Reinforced Concrete) shear walls. We tried to identify the performance of developed shear wall. Specimens were only considered gravity load and designed and detailed in compliance to KCI-2012. Based on the loading experiment results, this study was found that the developed shear walls showed improved strength than RC shear wall in controlling bending and shear crack. The developed　shear wall with minimum shear reinforcement increased the more strength than RC wall with nominal shear reinforcement

Changes in temperature and humidity inside a concrete has correlation with movement speed and reaction rate of deterioration factors such as carbon dioxide and chloride ions. comparison was performed between temperature and relative humidity inside the concrete and meteorological data for exposure environment through measurement at the site for two years.

클라라 슈만(Clara Schumann, 1819-1896)의 《세 개의 바흐 주제에 의한 푸가》는 클라라 가 J. S. 바흐 푸가의 주제들을 차용하여 작곡한 곡으로, 전통적으로 남성의 장르로 여겨져 온 푸가 장르에서 여성 작곡가로서 첫 발을 내딛는 중요한 지점에 놓여있다. 본 논문에서는 클라라 슈만이 푸가의 작곡에 도전하기까지의 과정에 대한 기록들을 추적해봄으로써 바흐와 슈만이 클라라의 푸가 작곡에 어떠한 영향을 끼치고 있는지와 바흐의 《평균율곡집》에 담 긴 원곡 푸가와 비교를 통해 클라라가 어떠한 방식으로 푸가 작곡가로서 첫 발을 내딛고 있 는지를 살펴본다. 클라라의 푸가와 바흐의 원곡 푸가의 주제의 등장시점의 비교를 통해 본 연구는 클라라의 푸가가 전체적으로는 바흐와의 유사성이 강하다는 것을 제시하면서, 그 안에서 대선율, 중간 부분의 전개방식, 그리고 페달톤을 주로 사용하는 푸가의 마지막 부분의 처리방식 등이 같은 주제 위에 쓰인 세부적인 차이를 만들어냄을 보여준다. 이렇게 같은 주제 위에 쓰인 바흐와 클라라의 푸가를 비교하는 과정에서 클라라가 바흐의 작곡방식들에 세밀하게 집중하여 자신 의 작곡기법으로 소화하고자 하는 의도를 엿볼 수 있었다. 하지만 그 과정에서 바흐가 보여 주었던 대담함 보다는 순차진행의 기반 위에 동형진행을 결합하는 패턴의 반복으로 다소 안 정적인 진행을 추구하고 있는 부분도 보였고, 성부가 등장하지 않는 빈 공간들이나 예기치 않은 극도의 불협화음 같은 결함도 나타났다. 이러한 사례 연구를 통해 19세기 여성작곡가 의 창작환경을 이해해 보고, 클라라 슈만의 푸가 창작이 지니고 있는 음악사적 의미를 조명 해 본다.

Background: In the present study, we established an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)-analysis method for the determination of marker compounds as a part of the material standardization for the development of health-functional foods from Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract. Methods and Results: The quantitative determination method of hispidulin as a marker compound was optimized by HPLC analysis using a YMC hydrosphere C18 column with a gradient elution system. This method was validated using specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision tests. It showed a high linearity in the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation (r2) of 0.999995. The method was fully validated, and was sensitive, with the limit of detection (LOD) at 0.09 ㎍• ㎖−1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) at 0.27 ㎍• ㎖−1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the data from intra- and inter-day precision were 0.05 - 0.22% and 0.32 - 0.42%, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day accuracy of hispidulin were 99.5 - 102.3% and 98.8 - 101.5%, respectively. The average content of hispidulin in Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract was 3.945 ㎎• g−1 (0.39%). Conclusions: These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is very efficient, and that it could contribute to the quality control of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extracts as a functional ingredient in health functional foods.

방사선에 의해서 유도된 간 손상에 대한 백삼과 발효인삼추출물의 보호효과를 비교 연구하였다. ICR계 생쥐에게 코발트-60 감마선의 5Gy조사 7일 전부터 백삼과 발효인삼추출물(150㎎/㎏/day)을 각각 투여하였 다. 대조군은 생리적 식염수를 투여하고 방사선조사군은 생리적 식염수를 투여하면서 5Gy를 조사하였다. 그리고 각각의 실험군에서 간조직의 H2O2, catalase, MDA를 측정하였다. 그 결과 방사선조사군과 보다 백 삼과 발효인삼추출물 투여군에서 catalase함량이 유의성 있게 증가하여 간의 보호효과가 있었으며 H2O2와 MDA함량도 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 백삼과 발효인삼이 간 조직에 대한 방사선조사로 부터 매우 우수한 방호제라고 할 수가 있다.

Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.

Anthocyanins, providing the bright red-orange to blue-violet colors, flavonoid-derived pigments with strong antioxidant activity that have benefits for human health. We isolated RsMYB1, which encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF), from red radish plants (Raphanus sativus L.) that accumulate high levels of anthocyanins. RsMYB1 shows higher expression in red radish than in common white radish, in both leaves and roots, at different growth stages. regulatory genes. Transient expression of RsMYB1 in tobacco showed that RsMYB1 is a positive regulator of anthocyanin production. Also, the synergistic effect of RsMYB1 with B-Peru was larger than the effect of Arabidopsis plants stably expressing RsMYB1 produced red pigmentation throughout the plant, accompanied by up-regulation of the six structural and two regulatory genes for anthocyanin production. This broad transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic machinery in Arabidopsis included up-regulation of TRANSPARENT TESTA 8, which encodes a bHLH-type TF. These results suggest that overexpression of RsMYB1 promotes anthocyanin production by triggering the expression of endogenous bHLH genes as potential binding partners for RsMYB1. In addition, RsMYB1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants had a higher antioxidant capacity than did non-transgenic control plants. Taken together, RsMYB1 is an actively positive regulator for anthocyanins biosynthesis in radish plants and it might be one of the best targets for anthocyanin production by single gene manipulation being applicable in diverse plant species.

R2R3 MYB transcription factors play regulatory roles in plant responses to various environmental stresses and nutrient deficiency. In this study, we isolated MYB-like gene respond to phosphorus deprivation in rice and designated OsMYB4P, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, from rice under low-phosphate conditions. OsMYB4P is 993bp long and encodes a 330 amino acid polypeptide. OsMYB4P was localized in the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional activator. Transcriptional levels of OsMYB4P in cell suspension, shoots, and roots of rice increased under low phosphate conditions. Shoots and roots of OsMYB4P overexpressing plants grew well in high and low phosphate conditions. In addition, root system architecture was altered considerably as a result of OsMYB4P overexpression. Under both phosphate sufficient and deficient conditions, more Pi accumulated in shoots and roots of OsMYB4P overexpressing plants than in the wild type. Overexpression of OsMYB4P led to greater expression of Pi transporter-family proteins OsPT1, OsPT2, OsPT4, OsPT7, and OsPT8 in shoots, and to decreased or unchanged expression of these proteins in roots, with the exception of OsPT8. These results demonstrate that OsMYB4P may be associated with efficient utilization of Pi in rice.

본 연구는 3,7-diarylpyrazolo [1,5-α]pyrimidines의 효과적인 one-pot regioselective 합성을 보여준다. 더욱이, 그 유도체는 뛰어난 CB1R 저해 활성을 나타냈다. 3,7-position에 diaryl group이 치환된 pyrazolo [1,5-α]pyrimidine은 CB1R 후보로서 가능성 있는 pharmacophore이다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. ethanolic extract with differentaspects (stem/leaf and whole plant) on differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The morphologicalchanges and the degrees of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil Red O staining and intra-cellular trig-lyceride (TG) assay. The mRNA expressions of special peroxisome proliferation activated receptor- genes (PPAR), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were detected by reverse tran-scriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 50% ethanolic extracts (100μg/mL) of stem and leaf (SALE) and 30%ethanolic extracts (100g/mL) of whole plant (SAE) from Salvia plebeia R. Br. were significantly attenuated lipid accumula-tion during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions (50μg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid dropletaccumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, SALE induced down-regulation of specific adipogenic transcriptional factors (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and target genes (FAS and LPL) during adipogenesis. Salvia plebeia R. Br. may be used as a safe and effi-cient natural substance to manage obesity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of r-learning based on existing studies of r-learning. It also aimed to analyze r-learning environments in an effort to determine prerequisites for the successful entrenchment of r-learning in material(technology and infrastructure), huma (young children and teacher) and institutional(law and policy) aspects. This study intended to suggest some of the right directions for the revitalization of r-learning. In conclusion, the position of r-learning and its interrelationship with related systems in the ecosystem of early childhood education should accurately be grasped to accelerate the integration of r-learning into kindergarten education to maximize the effects of the convergence of the two. Intensive efforts should be made from diverse angles to expedite the spread and enrichment of r-learning.

The authors calculate the long-term predictability of GDP, domestic demand, investment, and net exports for Guangdong province, P.R. China from 2000 to 2013. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model with quarterly data for this period is first co-integrated then the Granger causality test is applied to empirically assess the relationships among gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, investment, and net exports. There is a strong causality effect between investment and net exports in Guangdong province. However, the variance decomposition results indicate that exports respond to foreign shocks rather than domestic ones, making their impact on the Guangdong economy to predict. Results show the stimulating effect of domestic demand on GDP is larger than the stimulating effect of net exports and much larger than even the stimulating effect of investment. The analysis suggests that there are dynamic influences with various levels of persistence between GDP, consumption, investment, and net exports. Macroeconomic policy adjustments are urgently required to expand domestic demand and thereby stimulate economic growth in Guangdong province.

종교개혁은 세계사적인 의미를 가진 사건이다. 루터의 종교개혁은 1517년 비텐베르크에서 95개 논제를 게시함으로 시작되었고, 2017년 비텐베르크에서 종교개혁 500주년이 세계 모든 그리스도인들에 의해 축하될 것이다. 그렇다면 그것은 어떻게 축하되어야 하고, 어떻게 준비해야 하는가? 이를 위한 좋은 토대가 되는 것이 “2017년 종교개혁 500주년 전망”인데, 이 논문에서 이것이 자세히 분석되며 이를 근거로 종교개혁의 역사적 의미와 16세기부터 오늘에 이르기까지의 영향력이 서술된다. 종교개혁은 여기서 네 가지 범주로 고찰된다. 먼저 세계사적인 사건으로, 그리고 종교적, 신학적 사건으로, 그리스도인의 성숙을 가져다주며 정치, 경제, 문화를 변혁시킨 사건으로 서술된다. “2017년 종교개혁 500주년 전망”에는 교회, 사회, 정치, 교육 등에서 변화시키는 영향력이 잘 요약되어 23개 명제로 서술되어 있다. 마지막으로, 2017년 종교개혁 500주년은 특별히 기독교 교회 일치를 위한 기회이자 동시에 도전이다. 종교개혁은 근원적으로 교회의 분열을 의도한 것이 아니라 교회를 갱신하고자 한 것이었다는 것은 중요한 사실이다. 종교개혁에 대한 바른 숙고는 오히려 교회 일치를 강화시킨다. 종교개혁 500주년 기념대회는 루터교인들뿐만 아니라 모든 개신교인, 아니 모든 그리스도인들에 의해 축하되어야 할 것이다.

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate and improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joint regions using strengthening materials (CFRP sheet, AFRP sheet, embedded CFRP rod) in existing reinforced concrete structure. Therefore it was constructed and tested seven specimens retrofitting the beam-column joint regions using such retrofitting materials. Specimens, designed by retrofitting the beam-column joint regions of existing reinforced concrete structure, were showed the stable failure mode and increase of load-carrying capacity due to the effect of crack control at the times of initial loading and confinement of retrofitting materials during testing. Specimens LBCJ-CRUS, designed by the retrofitting of CFRP Rod and CFRP Sheet in reinforecd beam-column joint regions were increased its maximum load carrying capacity by 1.54 times and its energy dissipation capacity by 2.36 times in comparison with standard specimen LBCJ for a displacement ductility of 4 and 7. And Specimens LBCJ-CS, LBCJ-AF series were increased its energy dissipation capacity each by 2.04~2.34, 1.63~3.02 times in comparison with standard specimen LBCJ for a displacement ductility of 7.

Recently a new damper system with Kogome truss structure was developed and its mechanical properties were verified based on the laboratory test. This paper presents a Kagome truss damper external connection method for seismic strengthening of RC frame structural system. The Kagome external connection method, proposed in this study, consisted of building structure, Kagome damper and support system. The method is capable of reducing earthquake energy on the basis of the dynamic interaction between external support and building structures using Kagome damper. The pseudo-dynamic test, designed using a existing RC frame apartment for pilot application of LH corporation, was carried out in order to verify the seismic strengthening effects of the proposed method in terms of the maximum load carrying capacity and response ductility. Test results revealed that the proposed Kagome damper method installed in RC frame enhanced conspicuously the strength and displacement capacities, and the method can resist markedly under the large scaled earthquake intensity level.