중국 경제성장에 핵심적 역할을 해왔던 광동성(廣東省) 동관시(東蒄市)는 지리적으로 근접해 있는 홍콩을 이용하여 줄곧 경제발전을 추구해 왔다. 1980 년대 초반은 홍콩으로부터 가전산업 관련 중소 다국적 기업이 동관지역에 진출하여 생산 공장을 세우고, 그 후 1990년 중반에는 대만의 PC제조업체의 진 출이 잇따르면서 현재 동관에는 정보통신산업과 PC부품 및 전자산업 중심으로 지역 산업클러스터가 발전해 왔다. 동관시 산업클러스터 사례는 개혁개방 이후 중국 제조업 산업의 발전뿐만 아니라, 글로벌 시대에 해외직접투자와 아 시아지역 후-후발산업국가에서의 지역경제의 성장 및 산업발전과정의 연구에 대한 이론적 시사점을 줄 수 있는 지역적 사례 중의 하나다. 본 연구는 광동 성 동관시 지역산업클러스터의 사례를 중심으로 이론적으로는 지역산업발전의 내생적 성장요인 분석(NMID) 혹은 글로벌 생산네트워크와의 외부적 연계성을 기초로 하는 산업의 지역적 분화(GPN)에 대한 이 두 관점을 상호 비교하 고, 글로벌 생산체계에서 공간적으로 현재 동관시 지역이 가지고 있는 산업클 러스터의 위치와 역할을 설명하였다. 또한 산업적인 측면에서 생산네트워크 접근틀과 제도적 역량이라는 이론적 관점을 활용하여 중국 동관시 지역산업과 기업들이 보유하고 있는 상대적 경쟁력을 분석하였다.

MTO (Make to Order) is a manufacturing process in which manufacturing starts only after a customer’s order is received. Manufacturing after receiving customer’s orders means to start a pull-type supply chain operation because manufacturing is performed when demand is confirmed, i.e. being pulled by demand (The opposite business model is to manufacture products for stock MTS (Make to Stock), which is push-type production). There are also BTO (Build to Order) and ATO (Assemble To Order) in which assembly starts according to demand. Lean manufacturing by MTO is very efficient system. Nevertheless, the process industry, generally, which has a high fixed cost burden due to large-scale investment is suitable for mass production of small pieces or ‘mass customization’ defined recently. The process industry produces large quantities at one time because of the lack of manufacturing flexibility due to long time for model change or job change, and high loss during line-down (shutdown). As a result, it has a lot of inventory and costs are increased. In order to reduce the cost due to the characteristics of the process industry, which has a high fixed cost per hour, it operates a stock production system in which it is made and sold regardless of the order of the customer. Therefore, in a business environment where the external environment changes greatly, the inventory is not sold and it becomes obsolete. As a result, the company’s costs increase, profits fall, and it make more difficult to survive in the competition.Based on the customer’s order, we have built a new method for order system to meet the characteristics of the process industry by producing it as a high-profitable model. The design elements are designed by deriving the functions to satisfy the Y by collecting the internal and external VOC (voice of customer), and the design elements are verified through the conversion function. And the Y is satisfied through the pilot test verified and supplemented. By operating this make to order system, we have reduced bad inventories, lowered costs, and improved lead time in terms of delivery competitiveness. Make to order system in the process industry is effective for the display glass industry, for example, B and C groups which are non-flagship models, have confirmed that the line is down when there is no order, and A group which is flagship model, have confirmed stock production when there is no order.

It is very important for the competitiveness and sustainable management of enterprises that the rapid changes in the managerial environments quickly and accurately are responded. For example, the large-scale investment accompanied by bad alternatives in accordance with misunderstanding of the managerial environments yields the huge cost and effort to modify and improve. In firm management, the quality of products and the productivity are influenced by changes of the endogenous factors yielded in manufacturing process and the exogenous factors as market, etc. These changes include not only changes in 4M (man, machine, material, method) but also those in the market, competitors, and technologies in the process of commodification, i.e., first, such disturbances make dispersion of the process big and odd. By Shewhart chart it can be checked that the process monitored is control-in or out. Business administration executes activities for input stabilization by monitoring changes in 4Ms, comparing with the standards, and taking measures for any abnormality. Second, TRM (technology road map) is to prospect product deployment and technological trend by predicting technologies in the competitive environment as the market, and to suggest the future directions of business. So, TRM must be modified and improved according to DR (design review) stages and changes in mass-production like input material change. Therefore, a role of TRM in input stabilization for reducing cost and man-hour is important. This study purposed to suggest that the environment changes are classified into endogenous factors and exogenous factors in production process, and then, quality and productivity should be stabilized efficiently through connection between TRM and input stabilization, and to prove that it is more effective for the display industry to connect TRM with input stabilization rather than to use TRM separately.

(주)휴비스워터는 산업용 초순수 생산에 국내최초로 분리막 공정을 적용하여 발전, 전자, 자동차 산업 등에 공급해 오고 있다. 특히 국내 최초로 대형 EDI 모듈을 자체개발하여 상업화 하였으며 전처리용 MF 중공사 분리막 및 모듈을 개발하여 다수의 산업현장에 공급하고 있다. 본고에서는 산업용 초순수 생산을 위한 EDI의 적용사례를 중심으로 발표를 하고자한다. 더불어 (주)휴비스워터에서는 1 m³/hr 규모의 해수담수용 FO-RO hybrid pilot 시스템을 삼척그린파워 건설현장에서 운전하고 있으며, 현재까지 운전된 결과를 소개하여 앞으로 FO공정의 발전방향을 공유하고자 한다.

Productivity is the essential comparative advantage in high tech industry company in 21 century. These company endless endeavor for low cost production. Low cost production can be led by low facility operation cost and low labor cost. But reducing facility operation cost arise much investment. Thus many high tech company drive reduction of labor cost. These article suggest model for reducing labor cost and prove a effect by example of some company.

This paper addresses order-lot pegging issues in the supply chain of a semiconductor business. In such a semiconductor business (memory or system LSI) order-lot pegging issues are critical to achieving the goal of ATP (Available to Promise) and on-time production and delivery. However existing pegging system and researches do not consider capacity limit on bottleneck steps. This paper presents an order-lot pegging algorithm for assigning a lot to an order considering quality constraints of each lot and capacity of bottleneck steps along the entire FAB. As a result, a quick and accurate response can be provided to customer order enquiries and pegged lot lists for each promised orders can be shown transparently and short or late orders can be detected before fixing the order.

The production type of foundry industry is a small quantity batch production methods that require the highly skilled technology in the global competition in the variety of customer needs and directly under the influence of fluctuations characteristic. Therefore suitability for small quantity batch production and flexible production capacity and price competitiveness is needed more than anything. To do this, we need transcription and comprehensive innovation activities to maximize the revenue structure of the organization and field survival foundation should be developed the TPI(Total Profit Innovation) process in all aspects of the organization and all employees are involved in order to create a cost, quality, time, and service part of the overall aim how to achieve those effects within a short period of time. We applied the TPI process for S company in the foundry business innovation and productivity through cost reduction. We will expect the productivity improvement and financial performance improvement and then continually accumulate and review the results.

The established supply chain format has been radically changing from a three-month production to a shortened lead-time in the fashion industry. The faster pace of fashion trends, changing consumer lifestyle, and consequent demands for newness have been mainly attributed to the rapid development of high-tech information systems and mass communication. In particular, global fast-fashion leaders have become more successful by producing not as was initially planned and forecasted, but with an agility subject to customer responses. Latest customer trends are captured quickly, and production and distribution is steered to meet the response. In order to further maximize benefits and efficiency in a sustainable manner, the fast-fashion industry is seeking a production optimization model under which product attributes are defined in a short period of time, and an optimal quantity of products by style is produced. This paper aims to provide an optimal production quantity which subsequently requires an optimal parts procurement from the perspective of the supplier. This is obtained in order to minimize the cost function by identifying cost factors through an economic analysis technique. In this study, we propose a model for optimal production and its parts procurement to maximize target sales and profits by taking inventory and pricing into account.

차 (Tea)는 네팔을 포함한 남아시아의 주요 농산물 수출품목 중에 하나이다. 네팔의 차 생산은 150년 전에 시작되었지만, 상업적인 생산 규모는 발전 가능성이 있음에도 불구하고초창기 모습 그대로이다. 차 생산에서 우위를 차지하고 있는인도, 스리랑카, 방글라데시와 같이 네팔은 좋은 품질의 차를생산할 수 있는 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 그리고 현재 차 산업의 선도자로 남아시아 국가의 잠재력을 강화하기 위해 남아시아지역협력연합 (South Asian Association for the RegionalCooperation, SAARC)은 각 회원국의 National Tea board가차 산업을 육성할 수 있도록 지원하기 위하여 차 위원회를 설립할 예정이다. 이러한 남아시아지역협력연합의 차 위원회 설립에 맞추어 본 연구는 남아시아 차 산업에서 부각되고 있는네팔의 차 생산과 소비, 그리고 수출 경향을 다른 남아시아국가와 비교하여 분석하였다. 남아시아는 전세계 차 생산량의약 1/3를 생산하고 있으며, 대표적인 차 생산국가는 인도, 스리랑카, 방글라데시, 네팔이다. 남아시아 중에서 네팔은 연간약 1만8천톤의 차를 생산하고 있으며, 최근 20여년간(1994~2012) 차 생산량이 약 100배(196톤→18,309톤) 가까이 급증하고 있다. 네팔의 차 산업은 수출증대를 통해 외화획득과 경제발전에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 차 생산과 가공산업에참여하는 농가와 농촌여성의 고용창출 측면에서 매우 중요한역할을 담당하고 있다.

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest the Influence of road capital to industry and productivity growth in South Korea. METHODS : Based on the literature review, The relevant policy questions addressed in this report are : cost reduction and Scale elasticities of road, effect of road capital stock on demand for labor, capital and materials, marginal effect of road, industry TFP growth decomposition. RESULTS : The marginal benefits of the road capital at the industry level were calculated using the estimated cost elasticities. Demand for the road capital services varies across industries as do the marginal effects. The marginal benefits are positive for the principal industries. This suggests that for these industries the existing stock of road capital may be under supplied. The contribution of road capital to TFP growth is positive in principal industries. The main contribution of road capital is in the manufacturing industries ; the magnitudes of contribution varies among industries. These results indicate that growth in exogenous demand is most important contributor to TFP growth. CONCLUSIONS : The road capital have a significant effect on employment, private capital and demand for materials inputs in all industries. At a given level of output, an increase in road capital lead to variety to demand for all inputs in all industries.

Domestic semiconductor industry grew rapidly enough to draw a close attention in a short period less than twenty years. Korea grew to be the third largest semiconductor manufacturing country in the world during the period and has maintained the proud of Koreans even in technological competitiveness. Accordingly, In this study, it was introduced and analyzed 6 sigma method using profits making analysis for increasing Productivity in the semiconductor manufacturing process.

국내보리의 수매중단에 따른 원료곡 수급의 대책을 마련하기위한 기초자료로 보리를 이용한 가공제품을 생산하고 있는 전국의 가공업체 현황과 시중에 유통되고 있는 가공제품의 종류와 가격을 조사하고 이들의 품질정도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전국적으로 수집된 보리가공제품(주류제외)에 의해 조사된 보리가공업체의 수는 153개였으며 시도별로는 경기 >충북 >전남 >전북 >경북 >경남 =충남 >강원 >서울 순이었다. 2. 보리함유 가공제품(주류제외)의 품목 수는 17개였으며 가공제품의 수는 240종이었다. 3. 보리가공제품의 품목별 수는 혼합곡 >찰보리쌀 >일반보리쌀 >미숫가루 >보리차 >엿기름 >압맥 >보리과자류 순이었다. 4. 보리가공업체가 생산하는 제품의 종류는 평균 1.6종이었으며 전체업종의 68%가 1 ~ 2 종류를 생산하며, 5종 이상을 생산하는 업체도 13%정도 되었다. 5. 보리쌀 제품류별 유통가격은 압맥(찰성) >흑맥(메성) >할맥(메성) >찰보리쌀 >압맥(메성) >메보리쌀 순이었다. 6. 친환경제품은 일반제품에 비해 평균 41%정도 가격이 높았으며 제품에 따라 12~93%의 가격 차이를 보였고, 차이가 큰 순으로는 보리차 >찰보리쌀 >압맥 >미숫가루 >혼합곡이였다. 7. 동일품목 내에서도 가공업체에 따른 차이는 미숫가루가 가장 커서 최고가가 최저가의 4배 이상이고, 보리차음료(PET병), 보리차(티백), 찰보리쌀(친환경)은 3배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 8. 찰보리쌀 제품 42종 중 찰성순도가 높은 제품이 13종, 찰성과 메성이 혼합된 제품이 26종, 완전 메성인 제품이 3종이었으나, 찰성순도와 이들의 가격 간에는 관련이 없었으며 오히려 찰성순도가 낮은 제품이 비싼 경우도 있었다. 9. 메보리쌀 제품 34종 중 표시가 잘못된 찰성 보리쌀 제품이 1종 있었고, 찰성과 메성이 혼합된 제품이 2종 있었다. 10. 보리 엿기름제품 30종의 평균 효소력가는 131oL로 낮은 편이었으며 150˚L미만의 품질이 낮은 제품이 절반이상이었다. 11. 보리 엿기름의 효소력가와 제품가격 간에 관련이 없었으며 오히려 품질이 낮은 제품이 비싼 경우도 있었다.

Compound K(ginsenoside M1) is one of saponin metabolites and has many benefits for human health. This study was to investigate Compound K produced from ginseng crude saponin extract with commercial cellulolytic complex enzyme(cellulase, β-glucanase, and hemicellulase) obtained from Trichoderma reesei. The effect factors(temperature, pH, ginseng crude saponin extract and enzyme concentration, and reaction time) on production of Compound K from ginseng crude saponin extract were determined by one factor at a time method. The selected major factor variables were ginseng crude saponin extract of 2%(w/v), enzyme of 7%(v/v), reaction time of 48 hr. Based on the effect factors, response surface method was proceeded to optimize the enzymatic bioconversion conditions for the desirable Compound K production under the fixed condition of pH 5.0 and 50℃. The optimal reaction condition from RSM was ginseng crude saponin extract of 2.38%, enzyme of 6.06%, and reaction time of 64.04 hr. The expected concentration of Compound K produced from that reaction was 840.77 ㎎/100 g. Production of Compound K was 1, 017.93 ㎎/100 g and 862.31 ㎎/100 g, by flask and bench-scale bioreactor(2.5ℓ) system, respectively.

아바타로 촉발된 3D 관련 담론은 시각 이미지 재현과 수용의 역사 속에서 항시적으로 수용자의 프레젠스에 대한 욕망이 존재해 왔음에도 불구하고 이것을 지금에 와서 가장 극대화된 욕망인 것처럼 포장한다. 한국의 사례에서 알 수 있듯이, 이것은 테크놀로지를 매개로 결국 철저히 생산자 중심으로 구성된 산 업 관련 담론으로 귀결된다. 이 과정에서 수용자로부터 능동적으로 형성되는 담론 구성 현상들은 억압되는 양상이 나타나기도 한다. 이러한 문제의식에서 출발해, 본 연구는 <아바타> 현상을 만들어낸 성공요인을 중심으로 생산자 중심의 담론으로 서 테크놀로지와 산업의 입장에서 펼쳐진 언술들을 살펴보고 수용자 중심의 담론 으로는 영화 보기와 읽기, 쓰기가 이루어지는 문화적 과정을 연구하였다.

This study is prepared on the ground of consulting business in an objective of an improvement of productivity that was proceeded on industrious-purpose reel manufacturer, S corp. the purpose of this study is to achieve an improvement of productivity of the production line of industrious-purpose reel via 4M analysis and separate team activities. The method for study was proceeded with 4M analysis via video recording, one of the steps of separate team activities. Separate team activity is newly established concept, indicating what is modified and expanded partial process among previously existing 6-Sigma methodologies so that measures of various variables in the manufacturing production line are applied. The first procedure is a 4M analysis via video recording. firstly, consultant records videos for relevant process, conducting 4M analysis based on collected data to derive wasting factors in each process. Secondly, it is a procedure to derive and select proper measures, meaning that measures for removing wasting factors based on derived results are elicited, selecting a measure with high probability of application via negotiation between consultants and separate teams. The last procedure is an application of selected measures to real production line, reflecting an environment of production field to derive an effect of increasing practical productivity rather than a qualitative effect as a measure with trust and flexibility.