Real world consumption is gradually being warped into an intangible form of digital virtual consumption. Virtual worlds, objects and experiences are often argued to be less valued or meaningful then their real reality counterparts. Though studies show how digital virtual consumption serves as ways of navigating and decoding normative boundaries of communal and cultural origin within virtual worlds. In this paper, we show how consumers balance their real-life responsibilities with consumption in virtual worlds. In an effort to better understand the phenomenon, we put forwards an analysis based on assemblage theory, which focuses on how agentic and communal capacities of component parts both enable and constrain various aspects of the consumption experience.

This study would analyze a survey conducted with 609 workers to use the results as materials for the settlement of safety culture for the characteristics of the establishment by assessing the status of the workers’ exposure to harmful risks and the impact on safety culture to present the following conclusions. This study has significance in that it found that exposure to harmful/dangerous factors in the establishment and the workers’ experiences of occupational accidents affect their perception of safety culture and that in particular, ‘worker safety priority’ of the safety cultural factors was an important factor, and it is judged that continuous studies are necessary so that the perceptions of safety culture will spread in the establishment.

최근 패션 브랜드들이 사용자들의 능동적 참여가 가능한 메타버스 플랫폼을 자사의 브랜드 접점으로 활용하기 위한 방안을 모색하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 메타버스와 오프라인 스토어에서의 브랜드 체험을 비교하고자 한다. 패션 브랜드 젠틀몬스터의 오프라인 스토어과 이를 메타버스 공간에 그대로 재현한 제페토(ZEPETO) 스토어의 브랜 드 체험을 비교하였다. 실험 참가자 집단을 메타버스 스토어 체험이 선행된 집단과 오프라인 스토어 체험이 선행된 집단으로 구분하여 현장 조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 다음과 같은 주요 연구결과를 도출할 수 있었다: (1) 전체 체험 반응에서 감성 보다는 새로운 정보에 반응하는 감각 체험이 주를 이루었다; (2) 메타버스보다는 제품을 직접 만지고 체험할 수 있는 오프라인 스토어에서 체험이 더욱 활발하게 이루어졌다; (3) 네 가지의 테마공간 유형 중에서는 제품 공간에서 가장 많은 체험 반응이 나타났다; (4) 오프라인 스토어 체험이 선행된 두 번째 그룹보다 메타버스 스토어 체험이 선행된 첫 번째 그룹에서 보다 활발한 체험 반응이 일어났다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 통해 가상공간에서 의 메타버스 브랜드 스토어가 현실 공간의 시공간적 제약을 뛰어넘은 차별화된 경험을 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 오프라 인 스토어의 경험을 더욱 의미 있고 풍부하게 만들어 주는 전략적 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the in-depth experiences of infection control liaison staff (ICLS) in hospitals. Methods: This qualitative study applied Colaizzi’s phenomenological research method and targeted 12 healthcare workers in various occupations with experience as ICLS in the departments of a general tertiary hospital in Seoul and a general hospital in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from February 21, 2022, to April 30, 2022, and data analysis was conducted in a circular structure based on Colaizzi’s phenomenological research method. Results: A total of 32 themes and 14 theme clusters were derived from 132 meaningful statements, resulting in six categories. The six categories are “A prepared mind to infection control”, “The initial burden weighing on one’s shoulders”, “Facing difficulties due to inadequate work support”, “Overcoming with cooperation and rewarding”, “The transformed patient and work environment in my journey of personal growth”, and “Finding support measures for ICLS”. Conclusion: The results of this study are, expected to help understand the meaning and value of ICLS in medical institution departments. Based on this, it will be possible to contribute to preparing primary interventions for education and capacity development, support measures, and system improvement for infection control personnel in medical institution departments.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the students’ experiences of taking class in nursing philosophy at the graduate school of nursing. Methods: Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with 18 participants who took nursing philosophy class. Core question was 'What is your experience of taking nursing philosophy class?' Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Qualitative data analysis revealed nine theme clusters in four categories; 'The distance from philosophy that is too far to be friendly’, ‘Finding the academic roots of nursing',’The way to find answers through creative insights' and ‘Presenting a vision of nursing through reflection and maturity'. Conclusion: Nursing graduate students initially encountered challenging thoughts and a sense of detachment from reality when they embarked on their nursing philosophy class. However, nursing philosophy classes are essential for uncovering the academic foundations of nursing science, fostering creative insights, and navigating the actual clinical fields. This is particularly crucial because nurses frequently encounter numerous ethical dilemmas and critical decision-making situations. Nursing philosophy classes should be mandated as a required course for nursing graduate students, as they are responsible for shaping the future of nursing scholars.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore advanced response policies and psychological and emotional support measures for early infected people in the event of an infectious disease by analyzing the experiences of self-employed women who experienced confirmation in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six experiences of self-employed women confirmed with COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic selected through the intentional sampling process, and then analyzed and interpreted through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Through analyzing the meaningful statement of the study participants, several themes were identified, including “The pressure of dying from an incurable illness”, “The fear of quarantine and the fear of death”, “The difficulty of being a self-employed woman”, “The pain of social stigma”, “The driving force of one’s overcoming”, and “Expansion of perspective due to new experiences”. Conclusion: The study found that participants experienced anxiety and fear during the transfer process and admission to the facility after confirmation, due to the lack of guidance and face-to-face interactions. The non-face-to-face treatment increased their anxiety, as they could not receive accurate information about their health conditions and care. This highlights the impact of inaccurate information regarding COVID-19 and media reports focusing on severely ill patients and deaths. In addition, the study participants experienced social stigma caused by COVID-19, resulting in changes in their interpersonal relationships and life attitudes. Implications are suggested based on the results of this study.

Purpose: This study explored life experiences and meaning attributed to them by older men living alone during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Data were collected from June to July 2022 through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 14 older men living alone and analyzed using the thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: The analysis revealed four themes and eight subthemes. 1) Unfamiliar daily life faced in old age due to COVID-19; 2) living a difficult life in a stopped society; 3) a life of constant effort amid change; and 4) daily life adjusting to the new normal amid regret. The participants volunteered to be secluded to adapt to their changed daily life in an isolated society, which led to depression. As time passed, they tried to adapt to their new daily lives by communicating untactfully to shorten their physical distance. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to understand socially vulnerable classes in national disaster situations and the need for various policies to respond to social isolation. In the future, developing an intervention that allows older men living alone to actively adapt to a changing society and verify its effectiveness is necessary.

본 논문은 칼 라너가 주장한 근본적 인간 경험의 개념이 인간 주체 안에서 이루어지는 초월적 경험을 이해하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 새로운 방법을 제시하고 있음을 연구하고자 한다. 계몽주의 시대 이후로 인간에 대한 새로운 이해의 시각이 대두되기 시작했으며, 특별히 인간이 주체적으로 의미를 형성하는데 중심적인 역할을 하기 시작했다. 신적 계시 보다는 사고하는 주체로서 인간의 내면적 자아가 어떤 측면에서 의미의 원천이 되는 경향을 보이기 시작했다. 라너의 사고의 중요성은 근본적 인간 경험에 대한 이해의 깊이를 심화 시켰다는 것과 초월의 개념을 초월의 유신론적 이해를 넘어서, 더 확장 시켰다는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 첫번째로 근본적 인간 경험이 모든 사람들에게 존재한다는 것과 동시에 신에 대한 경험을 피할 수 없다는 것을 보여 주고자 한다. 두번째로 인간은 질문이라는 역동성과 존재에 대한 선험적 인식을 통해서 초월 할 수 있다는 것을 도출할 것이다. 세번째로 에르네스트 블로흐와 발터 벤야민에서 드러나는 무신론적 초월의 개념이 초월의 유신론적 이해와 매우 연관이 깊다는 것을 연구 할 것이다.

빠르게 변화하는 시대 변화에 맞춰 미래 교육의 변화에 대한 필요성이 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 최근 이러한 교육의 패러다임 전환으로 메타버스에 대한 연구가 교 육계에서 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 메타버스 플랫폼인 게더타운을 활용 한 중국어-한국어 탄뎀 수업을 설계하고 적용시켜 대학의 중국어 교육에서의 메타버 스를 활용한 교육적 활용 방법과 효과를 증명하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 메타버스를 활용하여 중국어 학습자의 흥미도와 몰입감을 높이고 참여를 이끌 수 있는 다양한 수업 방안을 제시하여, 대학의 외국어 교육에서의 메타버스 활용 수업에 대한 도입 가능성을 살펴보고 교육적 활용의 기초적인 근거를 제공하고자 한다.

Purpose: This was a qualitative study using a phenomenological research method. It was conducted to investigate the essential meaning of nursing students’ experiences participating in simulation education with standardized patients. Methods: This study’s research participants included 16 senior employees in the nursing department of two universities. They had experiences participating in simulation education with standardized patients. This study was conducted from June 1 to December 31, 2021, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s (1978) phenomenological method. Results: After analyzing the meaning of simulation experiences with the standardized patients, 101 meaning formations were deduced. From this, 13 theme, 4 theme clusters and 2 categories—effective lesson, tasks to solve. Conclusion: Simulation with standardized patients is a recent approach that has been actively applied in simulation-based learning in nursing colleges. This study conducted qualitative research on students’ experiences with standardized patients and analyzed essential meaning of the experiences. Therefore, it is recommended that simulation education content with standardized patients is developed. This can be achieved by optimizing the advantages of standardized patients with various clinical cases in other subjects besides psychiatry.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the essential meanings of suicidal ideation experienced by college student clients. Methods: Data were collected using interviews and observations from six college student clients who had experienced suicidal ideation for approximately six months from January 2021 to June 2021. This study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method of qualitative research. Results: The results derived 24 sub-themes and seven essential themes, the latter being: ‘feeling like a person with serious defects’, ‘wounds of the past haunting the mind’, ‘indulging in the marsh of depression’, ‘two minds that want to be close and distanced’, ‘wanting to live, but feeling like there's nothing else but death’, ‘living everyday life with a slender will’, and ‘realization of myself being a good person’. I understood that college student clients’ suicidal ideation was a natural phenomenon, not pathological. Conclusion: The essence of college student clients’ suicidal ideation is the confession of painful minds and because they think that they are flawed.

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to understand and describe teachers' experiences of early childhood sex education. Methods: For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 early childhood teachers working at daycare centers until the data were saturated. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: Although early childhood teachers recognized the necessity of sex education for children, they experienced difficulties in imparting sex education in daycare centers. Teachers lacked confidence because they themselves had not received proper education related to teaching sex education. It was confirmed that sex education methods and materials were lacking and outdated, and the support of educational institutions was insufficient. Teachers emphasized the importance of communication and cooperation with parents when sexual behavior problems occur in children. Conclusion: Systematic education for teachers and parents is required to raise awareness of sex education and to communicate smoothly among them.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand nurses' experiences of team effectiveness in nursing units. Methods: Data were collected from May 2 to June 8, 2018 through in-depth interviews with ten nurses who worked at a university hospital and subsequently analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. Results: Four themes - ‘the leadership of the head nurse that determines the success or failure of the nursing unit’, ‘a special work environment in which shift work is predominant,’ ‘the competency of individual nurses is essential for team effectiveness’, and 'creating a desirable nursing organizational culture’. - emerged, along with 15 sub-themes. Conclusion: The findings provide valuable information on hospital nurses' experiences with team effectiveness in nursing units in both universal and unique Korean hospital environments. Nursing and hospital managers should be aware of team effectiveness in nursing units to achieve organizational goals.

Purpose: The aim of this study investigated the transition experience of novice nurses working in a tertiary hospital, focusing on the difference between nursing school education and clinical nursing practice. Methods: The data were collected through an unstructured, in-depth interview with 14 recently employed nurses from October 2020 to January 2021. The data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The main theme of the transition experience perceived by new graduate nurses was confirmed as ‘reality shock’. In the process of identifying the main themes, five categories, sixteen sub- categories, and sixty-two concepts were derived. The five categories were, ‘Clinical field different from school education setting’, ‘Nursing school education in need of change’, ‘Strengths and limitations of clinical training in schools and hospitals’, ‘Difficulty in establishing relationships and communicating’, and ‘struggling to stand alone’. Conclusion: To minimize the reality shock experienced by novice nurses, nursing schools should innovate their traditional teaching methods based on the changing characteristics of the novice nurses and the clinical environment. In nursing practice, hospitals should grant more time to the nurses for adaptation and diversify mentoring programs comparable to internships for novice nurses.

본 연구에서는 실제와 가상의 자연 그대로의 숲과 인위적으로 통제가 가능한 VR을 활용한 가상 숲에서의 체험이 성인의 심리적 또는 생리적으로 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 자연 숲 환경과 외부 빛이 차단된 대학원세미나실에서 진행되었으며, 피험자는 성인 대학생 60명이 참가하였다. 실험은 심리적, 생리적 회복을 통해 자연 숲 환경과 VR 숲 환경에서의 효과를 비교 후 상태를 평가하였다. 심리적 측정 결과 피험자들은 자연 숲 환경과 VR 숲 환경에서 산림 경관을 체험 후에 PANAS를 통한 심리지수에서 긍정적 정서가 증가하고 부정적 정서가 감소되었 음을 확인하였고, 타액을 이용한 스트레스 지수인 코티졸을 측정한 결과 두 그룹에서 스트레스 지수가 유의하게 감소되 었음을 확인하였다. 거리상 이동의 제약 또는 거동이 불편 등 제약으로 인하여 자연 숲 환경에서 체험을 못하는 사람들 에게 VR 숲 환경에서 심리적, 생리적으로 회복 환경을 만들어주는데 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 연구의 결과가 산림 치유의 시각적 효과에 대한 기반이 되길 기대하고, 산림분야에서 4차 산업의 기술인 VR의 환용이 넓어지는 기반이 되길 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to explore how college students perceived multiliteracy experiences through the intercultural exchange project in an online EFL class. This study explored students' perceptions of the communication experiences with partners from different cultures and their intercultural understanding. Two types of data were collected from 30 Korean college students: qualitative data including activity reports, reflection notes, and final tasks; quantitative data including the responses to the perception questionnaire and intercultural sensitivity survey. Results of statistical analyses did not reveal significant differences in paired t-tests for cultural sensitivity. However, data showed that students experienced meaningful practice of multiliteracy and intercultural understanding. Students experienced four dimensions of the pedagogy of multiliteracy and improved their cultural sensitivity. Researchers suggest that EFL teachers find ways for learners to become multiliterate communicators with learning experiences of multiliteracy in English classes.

이 연구는 코로나19가 지속되는 상황에서 초등학교 저학년 자녀를 양육하는 어머니들의 교육지원 경험 은 어떠한지 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 구체적으로 코로나19 상황에서 처음 학교생활을 시작하는 자녀들의 어머니들을 대상으로 이들이 경험하는 어려움, 나름대로의 대응방안, 향후 교육 현장에 대한 기대 등은 무 엇인지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 초등학교 1, 2학년 자녀를 둔 어머니 7인을 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 인터뷰 자료는 현상학적 접근에 의하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 세 가지 주제를 중심으로 범주화하였다. 우선, 코로나19 시작과 함께 겪는 어려움에 대해서는 온라인 원격학습 지원의 어려움, 자녀 돌봄 공백 발 생, 등교 수업 시작으로 초기 학교 적응의 어려움, 교우관계 형성의 어려움과 그에 대한 지원, 불안정한 일상으로 인한 양육자의 스트레스 등이 있었다. 다음으로 코로나19가 지속되는 상황에서 자녀 교육지원을 위한 대응으로는 우선 변화된 등교 방식에 따르기, 온라인 수업 참여에 적응하기, 가정 내에서의 돌봄 모 색을 위한 직장 그만두기 등을 선택하였다. 보다 현실적 대응으로는 방역 수칙 준수에 대한 교육과 실천 을 장조하고 있었다. 끝으로 코로나19가 언제 종식될지 모르는 상황에서 어머니들은 교사에 대해서는 가 정과의 소통 및 자녀 학습을 위한 조력자의 역할을 기대하였고, 학교에 대해서는 소규모로 운영되는 등교 수업을 원하였으며, 정부 및 관련 기관에 대해서는 감염병 위기 상황에서 체계적인 교육과 돌봄 지원 시 스템 마련을 기대하고 있었다. 이러한 결과와 관련하여 교육 현장에서의 대응 방안과 관련된 시사점을 논 의하였다.

This study investigates beginning EFL teachers’ emotional labor from the perspective of the Activity Theory. Emotional labor is defined as the process of controlling one's emotions and emotional expressions in accordance with the occupational standards for proper emotional expression. Two beginning EFL teachers at Korean junior high schools were recruited by means of a qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed based on Activity Theory. The findings indicate that participants’ emotional labor in relation to their students was represented as conflicts in their activity system. Additionally, the resolution of the conflicts could be possible if a teacher can join a new teacher learning community and use new instruments. The results suggest that beginning EFL teachers should be encouraged to be empowered with new instruments such as classroom management skills and teaching practices for handling mixed-level students. These new instruments are expected to prevent students’ problem behavior and ease the burden of teachers experiencing emotional labor.

본 연구는 치유정원 구성요소로서 실내식물에 대한 221명 도시민의 인식을 실내식물 관리경험에 의해 비교하였다. 실내식물을 관리한 경험은 여성과 연령이 높을수록 높았으며, 단독주택과 공동주택 거주자가 높았다. 성별, 연령대, 주거유형에 따라 식물 관리 경험에는 차이가 있었다. 실내식물의 기능 중 환경 개선과 심리적 안정 등의 중요도가 높았으며, 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 차이가 있었다. 여성, 40대, 단독주택, 아파트 거주민은 심리적 측면에서, 남성, 20대, 30대, 50대는 물리적 측면에서 식물을 활용하는 것이 중요하다고 인식하고 있었다. 식물을 관리한 경험이 있으면 분위기 조절, 정서 안정 등 심리적 측면의 중요도가 높은 반면, 관리경험이 없으면 물리적 환경 구성 측면의 중요도가 높았다. 식물 관리경험이 있을수록 식물의 필요도가 높으며, 공간장식, 온습도 조절, 정서 안정 등의 기능은 식물의 필요도에 영향을 미치는 요인이 된다. 식물을 관리한 경험은 정서적, 심리적 측면에서 중요도와 필요도에 긍정적 영향을 준다. 따라서 다양한 식물에 대한 경험은 식물의 치유효과를 향상시킬 수 있는 요인이 될 수 있다. 식물에 대한 인지적 정보와 체험에 의한 지각에는 차이가 있으므로 치유정원 요소로서 식물을 활용하고자 할 때에는 식물을 통해 건강증진효과를 높일 수 있는 식물의 활용이 요구된다.

Purpose: This study explored the reflective experiences of nursing students through online clinical nursing practicum education. Its specific aims were to identify the reflection experiences that these students subjectively perceive as alternative learning for their clinical practicum because of COVID-19 situations and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these reflective experiences. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted face-to-face or by phone with 18 fourth-year nursing students from June to October 2021. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Results: The following five themes were identified: (1) looking back and rethinking, (2) applying memories to prepare for the future practicum, (3) requiring efforts to seek and consider real knowledge, (4) using benefits from emotional relaxation and repetition, and (5) limitations of habitual writing without deep thinking. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the need for the development of an online practical education that vividly reflects the diverse and practical clinical world, which enables the acquisition of new knowledge and changes while actively receiving support, if possible, in the difficult reflection process experienced by nursing students through a mutual communication method involving faculty and students.