The traditional process capability indices Cp, Cpk, Cpm, Cpm+ have been used to characterize process performance on the basis of univariate quality characteristics. Cp, Cpk consider the process variation, Cpm considers both the process variation and the p

Recently, a couple of process capability indices are used to evaluate that the outputs of the process satisfy the specifications. An assumption of those indices is that the specifications of the characteristics are given single constant value. The display

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general characteristics, complications and level of social adaptation of spinal cord injured patients. The subjects were one hundred forty five members who were inpatients or outpatients from October 1, 2004 to April 30, 2005 in general hospitals and municipal welfare centers for the handicapped located in the metropolitan city of Gwangju. The following results were obtained using Modified Barthel Index (MBI). 1) Gender distribution was 77.9% male and 22.1% female. The mean age at the time of injury was 35.4 and the mean age during the study was 44.2. 2) The degree of paralysis among the subjects was as follows: 49.0% had complete paralysis and 51.0% suffered incomplete paralysis. The most frequently injured lesion among the subjects was cervical (49.0%), followed by thoracic (35.9%), and lumbar (15.2%). 3) The mean MBI score was 63.5. There was statistically significant difference in the MBI score in the relation between complete and incomplete paralysis, the relation between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar injury, and the relation between a recovery period of less than three years and more than three years according to the characteristics of injury (p<.05). 4) There was statistically significant difference in the MBI score of subjects who had complications concerning spasticity, deformity, urinary tract infection, and sexual dysfunction (p<.05). 5) The most serious emotional pain after spinal cord injury resulted from economic issues, which affected 35.2% of the subjects. The group having a shorter recovery period after spinal cord injury complained of psychological matters, the group having a longer recovery period complained about the surrounding environment (lack of convenient facilities), suggesting statistically significant difference (p<.05). 6) The most common activities of the group with injuries more than ten years old included meeting schoolmates and working, while most common activities of the group with injuries less than three years old included attending religious functions and miscellaneous others (watching TV, spending time with family), suggesting statistically significant difference (p<.05).

본 조사 지역인 전주천일대의 관속식물상을 조사한 결과, 66과 184속 236종 28변종 3품종 총 267종류가 확인되었다 이중 환경부의 자연환경보전법에 의한 생태계교란야생식물에는 물참새피, 도깨비가지, 돼지풀 등 3종류가 확인되었다. 또한 한국특산식물에는 털중나리, 왕벚나무, 개나리, 오동나무 등 4종류가 확인되었으며, 귀화식물에는 18과 49속 66종 2변종 총 68종류가 확인되었다. 귀화율은 25.5%으로 전체 관속식물상의 1/4이상을 차지하였으며, 도시화지수는 25.1%가 분석되었다.

Process capability indices are widely used in industries and quality assurance system. When designing the parameter on the multiple quality characteristics, there has been a study for optimization of problems, but there has been few former study on the possible conflicting phenomena in considertion of the correlations among the characteristics. To solve the issue on the optimal design for muliple quality characteristics, the study propose the expected loss function with cross-product terms among the characteristics and derived range of the coefficients of terms. Therefore, the analysis have to be required a multivariate statistical technique. This paper introduces to multivariate capability indices and then selects a multivariate process capability index incorporated both the process variation and the process deviation from target among these indices under the multivariate normal distribution. We propose a new multivariate capability index MCpm using quality loss function instead of the process variation and this index is compared with the proposed indices when quality characteristics are independent and dependent of each other,

우리나라와 국가 규모가 비슷한 이스라엘의 경우에는 벤처캐피탈이 정부주도로 출범한 후 육성되었다. 이러한 벤처캐피탈의 특성은 창업자가 연구개발에만 전념할 수 있어서 제품의 품질을 높일 수 있으며 동시에 사업이나 제품 완성도를 높일 수 있는 부가가치가 큰 중요한 금융업이 될 전망이다. 이번 연구에서는 이러한 벤처캐피탈이 가지고 있는 위험특성에 대한 분석과 위험을 고려한 투자성과 평가를 행하였다. 이번 연구에서는 선행연구와 동일하게 비체계적 위험이 체계적 위험보다 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 소수의 지역이나 업종에 집중투자한 결과로 보인다. 위험을 고려한 투자성과분석을 위하여 총위험을 고려한 Sharpe척도와 체계적 위험을 고려한 평가모형 Jensen척도를 토대로 종합주가지수와 코스닥 벤처지수, 벤처캐피탈의 성과를 비교분석에서는 벤처캐피탈의 위험과 투자성과가 크게 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 이는 Sharpe 및 Jensen 척도에서 검증이 된 것으로 (-)로서 시장포트폴리오(종합주가지수)나 코스닥 벤처지수 보다 투자성과가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구의 한계점으로는 하지만 표본의 수가 짧은 문제점을 지니고 있다.

The p16 gene encodes an inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase, which inactivates cyclin-dependent kinase and contro1s the cell cycle progression, The 10ss of p16 expression or overexpression has been reported in many kinds of tumors, Both p16 and PCNA regu1ates cell cycle progression at the Gl/8 checkpoint, Although many researches about the p16 expression in ora1 cancer have been carried out, there are few studies about the corre1ation between p16 ex pression and pro1iferation of ora1 cancer cells The object of this study was to eva1uate the avai1ability of p16 as ear1y diagnostic factor and prognostic factor through corre1atión ana1ysis of p16 expression in ora1 squamous cell carcinoma and its re1ation to PCNA index and clinicopatho1ogic factors 80 we investigated p16 immunohistochemica1 expression of 83 ora1 squmaous cell carcinomas, and obtained the resu1ts as followed, 18 out of the 83 cases(21, 69%) showed p16 positive and 65 samp1es(78,31%) showed p16 negative, Whi1e the mean va1ue of PCNA indices of p16 positive cases was 65,94 ::t 18,32, that of PCNA indices at p16 negati ve ones 54,79 ::t 18, 39, This difference between them showed statistica1 sígnificance, (P=O, 030) p16 positive group was 12/60(20, 0%) of well differentiated tumors and p16 negative group was 6/23(16, 1%) of moderate1y or poor1y differentiated tumors, This difference did not show statistica1 significance. (P=O. 372) From the resu1ts above, it was suggested p16 expression is re1ated to PCNA index in ora1 squamous cell carcinomas.

효율적인 포장의 관리를 위해서 포장상태를 객관적으로 평가하는 포장평가지수의 사용은 필수적이다. 현재 사용되고 있는 PSI, MCI, UPCI는 사용자나 관리자의 입장만을 각각 고려하여 종합적인 포장평가지수의 역할을 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 평가지수들의 문제점을 파악하고 이를 개선한 새로운 포장평가지수를 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 평가지수로 실제 포장자료를 이용하여 포장재료의 성질에 따른 지수의 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 표층두께, 아스팔트점도, 아스팔트함량의 순서로 포장평가지수에 영향을 주었다.

Process capability indices are widely used in industries and quality assurance system. When designing the parameter on the multiple quality characteristics, there has been a study for optimization of problems, but there has been few former study on the possible conflicting phenomena in considertion of the correlations among the characteristics. To solve the issue on the optimal design for multiple quality characteristics, the study propose the expected loss function with cross-product terms among the characteristics and derived range of the coefficients of terms. Therefore, the analysis have to be required a multivariate statistical technique. This paper introduces to multivariate capability indices and then selects a multivariate process capability index incorporated both the process variation and the process deviation from target among these indices under the multivariate normal distribution. We propose a new multivariate capability index MCpm using quality loss function instead of the process variation and this index is compared with the proposed indices when quality characteristics are independent and dependent of each other.

본 논문은 2003년 3월부터 10월까지 광주광역시 도심 대규모 하천에서 선택한 총 14개 조사 지역에서 귀화식 물과 도시화지수를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 전체 식물상은 76과 211속 273종 35변종 1품종으로 총 309종류가 확인되었다. 그 중 귀화식물은 14과 36속 44종 2변종으로 총 46종류가 확인되었다. 광주천에서는 미국개기장, 소리쟁이, 흰명아주, 토끼풀, 큰개불알풀, 돼지풀, 비짜루국화, 미국가막살이 및 서양민들레로 총 9종이 우점하였고, 황룡강에서는 소리쟁이, 토끼풀, 달맞이꽃, 돼지풀 및 망초로 총 5종이 우점하였다. 그리고 영산강에 분포하는 우점종은 광주천과 황룡강 우점종 이외에도 물참새피, 좀명아주, 다닥냉이, 개망초 및 도꼬마리 등이 나타나 총 16종이었다. 광주시 도심 하천의 평균 도시화지수는 17.2%, 귀화율은 14.9%로 확인되었다. 원산지는 유럽과 북아메리카가 각각 16종으로 가장 많았다. 도시화지수나 귀화율 같은 환경지수가 높은 도시 하천이나 둔치가 귀화식물센터 중 중요한 하나로 사료되었다.

자연생태계의 보전을 위한 지역구분을 위하여 백두대간(남덕유산-소사고개) 구간을 조사한 식생조사 자료를 바탕으로 식생의 보전가치를 식생지수라는 것으로 수치화 하는 방법을 제시해 보고자 한다. 식생지수는 생물다양성, 임분의 보전가치, 환경의 청정성, 임분의 역사성, 입지의 생산성 등을 바탕으로 수치화 하였다. 식생지수는 백두대간 관리범위 설정에 이용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. 식생지수 I의 경우 총 66개의 조사지 중에서 8개 지역 12.1%가 핵심지역에 속하고, 21개 지역 31.8%, 37개 지역 56.1%가 각각 완충지역과 전이지역에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 식생지수II의 경우 28개 지역 41.9%가 핵심지역에 속하고, 19개 지역 28.8%, 19개 지역 28.8%가 각각 완충지역과 전이지역에 속하는 것으로 나타났다.

종자피복에 많이 사용되고 있는 접착제인 CFclear(CF), arabic gum(AG), cethylmethyl cellulose(UC), polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), hydroxy propyl cellulose(HPC), methyl cellulose(MC)와 고형물질로 bentonite(B), kaolin(K), calcium carbonate(CC), peatmoss(PM), tal

Need safety diagnostic indicator pointer that is objective as estimation basis to be scientific and manages systematically safety existing condition and level for city gas facilities. Safety diagnostic indicator pointer can divide by greatly two. One is management (Software) side that one that differ with mechanical (Hardware) side that handle laying stress on equipment connected with safety manages organization and management connected with safety. Weight appropriates according to specific gravity that relevant element occupies in facilities. To give so big value in particular element in grant of weight pays attention because break balance of whole guideline and should gives. Finally, efficient safety net may see effect before self-regulation inside by minimum target establishment by government and legal, systematic countermeasure establishment for this, strict law application and each business proprietor and though activity and user's active safety activity forms harmony properly.

The factors of obesity related with food habits were assessed to provide information for nutrition education database. The subjects in this study were 234 primary school children in Busan. Children were classified into normal and obese groups(mildly obese, moderately obese and severely obese) by obesity index. In self-recognition of body image, only 28.6% of MI group considered themselves as 'overweight or obese'. 87.2% of the subjects controlled their weight method with exercise. With regard to meal speed, 64.5% of the subjects ate fast(≤15 min.). The study also found that 79.8% of the subjects ate breakfast, 56.4% of the subjects them were moderate by obese, 40.8% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner. Eating speed, meal volume and snacks money per day were significantly different in obesity. Preference for eating out was Korean Chinese, Western and Japanese food, in order. Favorite food for snack, such as ddukbokki, fruits, milk. fried foods and candy and caramel were significantly different in obesity(p〈0.05). However hamberger, pizza and chocolate were not significantly different in obesity. The most preference snack for all the subjects were fruits and ice cream. In food preference, potato, dduk, meats, fishes, cheese, milk, ice cream were significantly different in obesity. The distasteful food for subjects were patbab, vegetables, shellfishes and salt-fermented foods. From above results, obesity of children was related to meal speed, meal volume and snacks motley per day. Therefore, these results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits art necessary to avoid child obesity.

Orchardgrass 및 white clover의 단파 및 혼파재배조건에서 미량요소 Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo 및 B의 조합시비가 목초의 생육, 개화, 수량, 양분 함량 및 식생구성비율 등에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 다량료소 양분을 동일 량 시비한 조건에서 7 수준의 미량요소 조합시비는 T; 대조구, T; Fe, T; Fe+Mn, T； Fe＋Mn＋Cu, T; Fe+Mn+Cu＋Zn, T；Fe+Mn+Cu＋Zn+Mo 및 T； Fe+Mn+Cu+Zn+

본 연구는 상지운동 동안에 복부에 적용된 압력이 요부와 복부의 근피로도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구대상자는 성인 남자 5명이었다. 연구대상자가 10 repetitions maximun (RM) 무게의 아령을 이용하여 1분 동안 상지운동을 수행 시 0 mmHg, 저압(30 mmHg), 중압(70 mmHg), 고압(100 mmHg)의 외부 압력이 복부에 적용되었고, 복직근, 외복사근, 내복사근, 척추기립근에서 근전도 자료가 수집되었다. 주파수 분석을