The purpose of this study is to explore, describe and analyze the English education process of underachieving elementary school students. To this end, qualitative research methods were used. The analyses produce two themes: positive and negative English learning experiences. Students are motivated when teachers are friendly and give them positive responses. Teaching materials including interesting games give more motivation to students. Content coverage for one period should be moderate for students to achieve. Students are disengaged in the classes when they come to supplementary classes against their will, and the content is above their level. Environmentally, parental indifference is translated into student’s indifference to the study. A rushing environment to cover too many units of materials makes them frustrated moving on without grasping what’s being taught. In conclusion, a careful understanding about managing time, learning environment, teaching materials and rapport formation between students and teachers are found to be necessary in the underachieving elementary school student's English education.

본 연구의 목적은 예비 사회적 기업으로 인증 받은 S무용단과 T무용단에 대한 체험적 사례를 통해 국내 무용단이 사회적 기업으로 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하는데 있다. 현재 무용예술분야 예비 사회적 기업은 S무용단과 T무용단, 두 단체만 있기 때문에 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 이 두 단체를 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 무용예술분야 예비 사회적 기업을 통해 새롭게 설립될 무용예술분야 사회적 기업이 단순히 일시적 재정지원에 의존해서 연명하는 것이 아니라, 단체의 지속 가능한 재편을 위해 설립초기 단계부터 본격적인 경영지원이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이는 정부가 단순히 인증 절차 등을 안내하는 수준의 컨설팅을 넘어 사회적 가치창출과 수익 창출이라는 두 가지 목표를 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 사업모델을 적절하게 설계·수립 및 재구성하여야 한다. 또한 심 화된 컨설팅을 제공함으로써 준비된 상태의 사회적 기업 인증을 통해 사업의 지속가능성을 높 여야 한다.

본 연구는 미국과 한국의 오픈 소스 소프트웨어(OSS) 기업의 사례를 중심으로 기존 기술추격이론이 지식 집약적인 OSS 산업에서도 적용되는 지를 분석하고 후발기업들이 기술추격의 발판을 마련할 시사점을 연구하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여, 국내 SW 기업들의 인터뷰와 미국 SW 기업들의 기록문서 분석 및 2차 출처들의 검토를 통한 실증적 연구를 수행하였으며, 패러다임의 변곡점 판별과 기술체제의 비교라는 분석의 틀을 이용하여 소프트웨어(SW) 기업의 기술추격 과정을 연구하였다. 본 연구결과, OSS 기업의 기술추격을 설명하는데 있어 기존 기술추격이론의 이론적 논거가 유효하지 않다고 판별하였고 기술체제의 비교 결과, 후발기업의 기술추격을 효과적으로 촉진하는 유효한 요소들을 파악하였다. 또한 저자들은 OSS 기업의 사례연구 결과를 통하여 탈 추격이론이 주장하는 기존 이론의 제약을 진단하고 OSS 의 낮은 전유성이 역설적으로 기술추격을 촉진하는 새로운 기술체제에 대한 해석을 논의한다.

The accident which is caused by the press work remains a Permanent obstacle in worker's hand or arms, the disaster ratio is high and the fatal case is many. Mainly Like this accident occurs because the hand to enter with inside of the press die, therefore, basic countermeasure is the safety press. In order to prevent access to mechanical moving part by the hand or any part of the body, it is important to making a safety die design Structurally. It presents the design of the safety press die with suitable structure in the Product's attribute which it had shown in samples, There is a possibility of being difficult because the attribute of safety die design that had present all the productions from research does not agree each other. but because the representative process which is used most at sample had designed, If you were imitates with safety die design base which is presented from this research, It comes to be thought to be the part which can are used at the various sides.

최근 들어 급속한 사회 변화는 새로운 사회 전반의 현상에 적응할 수 있는 역량을 학습하거나 인지하기도 전에 보다 많은 변화를 이루어내고 있고 이로 인한 청소년들의 사회 전반의 변화에 대한 부적응은 학교현장에서는 물론 청소년들의 생활 전반의 문제로 야기되어지고 있다. 그리고 “학교 폭력” 또는 “학교폭력 예방” 등 학교현장 청소년들의 문제해결과 관련하여 청소년들의 적응이나 역량개발 등의 다양한 프로그램이 정부 또는 상위 기관이나 해당기관 주도의 정책에 의해 대부분이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2011∼2012년 경기도 내 인문⦁전문계열 고등학교 2학년에 재학 중인 청소년을 대상으로 코칭 프로그램 적용 후 소감문의 기술 내용에 기초한 청소년들이 인지하는 문제를 토대로 정책적이거나 형식적이 아닌 그들의 요구를 직접 반영한 청소년이 요구하는 적응을 위한 역량 개발 지표의 정보를 얻고자 질적 연구를 바탕으로 연구 되었다. 또한 본 연구에 적용한 코칭프로그램을 학교현장 청소년들에게 제공함에 있어 적응과 역량개발을 위한 프로그램의 필요성에 대한 연구의 정보를 제공하고자 한다.

The MORPG(Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) is one of the popular online game genre that its game play is more addictive and it has longer playing time compared with casual-style online game. This property makes it possible for game company to derive stable revenue for a long time other than casual- style online game. So far, developing MORPG has been popular on PC platform and now it has been started on a smart phone platform due to advances of hardware technologies and MORPG gives a new game experience to smartphone users. In order to make a new MORPG on smart phone platform, we have to design various use scenarios that are characterizing users’ behavioral actions in the game. It is time-consuming but we could save the design time if we reference to those of MORPG on PC platform. The paper proposes systematic user play scenarios for MORPGs on PC platform by characterizing 「Dungeon & Fighter」 and 「League of Legends」 which are the most popular MORPGs on PC, these days. We present the whole user scenarios with flowcharts showing the characteristics of all possible users’ actions in the MORPGs. When we make a new MORPG based on a smart phone platform, our results will provide with an effective design guideline for its game design.

Occupational injury rate of Korea recently slides slightly downward after stagnating around 0.7%'s for more than 10 years. To accelerate this trend, injury prevention for small enterprises is crucially important because vast majority of injuries take place in small enterprises. Considering huge number of small enterprises, we need to focus our efforts to type of riskier industries. By analysing detailed injury data, we select type of industries which need our concentrated prevention efforts. Several preventive measures are recommended, after we made literature survey of case studies for small enterprises. The result identifies riskier type of industries including transportation machinery manufacturing industry type(B), woods & veneer manufacturing industry, etc. Safety of machinery, new enterprises less than 2 years in service and new employees serving less than 6 months are in need for focused prevention efforts. To cope with these vulnerable spots, recommended preventive measures include strengthening of machinery safety standards, early assistance for safety to new enterprises, mandatory safety education before employment, etc.

Ikseon-Dong 166 is one of the traditional urban resident area developed during 1930’s. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structural relationship between a conventional housing unit plans and modern block plans based on orthogonal geometry. To fully explore the selling point of the new urban development, the planner or real estate developer in private sector did not abandon or compromise the conventional house layouts, consists of single layer of rooms keeping the main room facing south. This study concludes the following factors connecting the urban and architectural plans. Oblong block plans following east-west direction did not allow the southern exposure of courtyard and main room, which was the absolute requirement for traditional house units, the longer side of block plan followed north-south direction as a result. Considering the possibility of rent, having entrance at the east or west side of individual site enables two separate household maintain their spatial privacy. In addition to the factors mentioned above, when the blocks are to be divided into individual addresses, north-south oblong block plans maintained the length to face the front road minimum while the southern exposure maximized. These factors explains why the private developers maintained their blocks elongated to north-south direction when the block plans laied out by public sectors which did not care that much of southern exposure show random orientation in the view point of solar exposure.

Initially, most of ubiquitous city(hereafter u-City) projects in Korea were supported by the government because they focused on providing public services. Having constructed several u-Cities, pioneering people realized that there were several issues to successful operations such as providing useful services to citizens, supporting operational costs, continuing the need for investments, and so on. Recently, public-private collaboration efforts have increased to solve these issues. This paper studies a case of such efforts by applying a Public-Private Partnership Cooperation (PPPC) model to u-City projects. The case study introduces u-City development for an Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ). It is expected that the presented case will help boost the sustain-ability of u-Cities by solving surrounding issues and providing an effective operational mechanism.

When manufacturing die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relation among injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. Also, the extent or the location of product defects was differentiated according to the various relations of the above conditions. In this research, in order to optimizing casting layout design of an automobile part (Oil Pan_DX2E) Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with two layout designs by using the simulation software (AnyCasting). The simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully in order to apply them into the production die-casting mold. During the mold filling with two models, internal porosities caused by air entrap were predicted and also compared by the modification of the gate system and the configuration of overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities caused by the solidification shrinkage were predicted and also compared by the modification of the gate system.

This paper is a case study of reliability assessment with field warranty data of Clutch Master Cylinder(CMC) in hydraulic clutch system. We estimate lifetime distribution using field warranty data which contain much useful information for understanding reliability of the system in the real-world environments. However, the estimated parameters are far from existing reference values, which seems to be caused right censored field warranty data. To modify the parameters, we use the information of the durability test which is performed to verify that the lifetime of the item meets the required level. After that, we can observe that the modified parameters are closer to the existing reference values. This case study shows a possible idea to supplement lack of right censored field warranty data and its applicability

백두산 폭발에 대한 국민의 우려 증대는 과학적이고 체계적인 화산연구가 부족했던 한국의 여러 분야에서 화산을 연구할 수 있는 환경을 마련해주었다. 화산은 고유의 지질학적 특성에 의거하여 폭발 양상이 달라지므로 모델링 및 일반화하기에 어려운 점이 있다. 또한 화산학자의 수가 매우 적어서 관련된 연구 프로그램 및 해외전문가의 협력이 절대적이다. 이에 V-hub, GVM, VOGRIPA라는 세 곳의 연구 그룹에 대한 기초조사 및 상호관계의 이해를 통한 기술협력 대상을 발굴할 목적으로, 홈페이지 분석, 관련자 방문 및 인터뷰를 수행하였다. 연구의 궁극적 목적은 백두산 연구를 통하여 구축될 화산연구포털을 단순한 벤치마킹이 아닌 차별화 및 기여라는 관점에서 시사점을 도출하고자 하는 것이다. V-hub 는 화산연구자들의 커뮤니티 사이트이자 자료공유의 사이트로, GVM은 내용을 채울 수 있는 연구와 데이터 공유를 위한 표준 마련이 주된 역할이며, VOGRIPA는 화산폭발사건에 대한 데이터베이스화와 정보표출을 목표로 하고 있다. 지도학 및 공간정보차원에서 보면 이들은 분석의 도구로 GVM에서 일부 다루어지고, VOGRIPA에서 화산의 위치를 웹GIS로 표출하는 수준에 국한되어 있다. 화산연구포털이 다음 단계로 발전하기 위하여, 한국이 기여할 수 있는 바와 지도학적으로 발전시킬 수 있는 항목 등을 제시하였다.

An application of the EQS (Eradi Quake System) bearings to a short period building structure and the structure earthquake responses according to the design parameters of the EQS are studied by the ICT Center case study. The features of the EQS application to seismic isolated building structures are investigated, and the design procedure to determine the yield load and the secondary stiffness of the EQS is also studied. A computational analysis is performed to confirm the applicability of the EQS to the building structure and the earthquake responses according to the design parameters. The ICT Center in Indonesia is adopted as an application case of the EQS. The application of the EQS is found to extend the fundamental period of the ICT Center. Three types of EQS with different yield loads and secondary stiffness are designed and applied in the earthquake response analyses. The analysis results show the response of the structure with respect to the design parameters and which type of EQS is suitable for the ICT Center.

The formation of modern architecture during the Weimar Republic in Germany is seen through the works by Bruno Taut, one of the leading architects during that period. Through the extensive literature readings on Bruno Taut and critical analysis of Bruno Taut’s ideologies, his works and the circumstances that he was in, the contention of this paper is that the root of modern architecture has less to do with functionalism and new technologies, but more to do with need to express new ideologies and expressions of their view of a new society. Although the socialistic idea did not account for sole reason for influencing their architecture, it did play a considerable part in deciding what architectural expressions are preferred. For this discourse this paper limits Bruno Taut's years from 1913 to 1932 prior to his exile from Germany; 1913 to 1923 being the years that constitute theoretical activities and 1923 to 1932 being the golden years for social housing when he participated on many public housing projects. It was during this period that his architecture put importance of practicality, and utilitarian; however the transition was not an abrupt departure from his expressionistic architecture but an inclusive act on his part.

곤충을 포함한 생물의 잠재적 서식지나 정착평가 분야에서 기후․서식지 모형화 기술이 폭넓게 이용되고 있다. 이러한 기술은 최근 지구온난화에 따른 새로운 침입해충의 유입 가능성이 증가함에 따라 향후 잠재적 분포지역 예측 및 관리방안 수립 등에도 활용되고 있다. 지금까지 침입해충의 정착이나 분포확산을 다루는 기술은 근본적으로 생태적 지위 모형(Ecological niche models)로서 기전모형 (Mechanistic models)과 경험적 모형(Empirical models)으로 구분할 수 있다. 전자는 비생물적 요인에 대한 생리적 내성을 기초로 정착 여부 평가하는 방법으로 기본적 니체(fundamental niche)를 추정한다. 후자는 비생물적 요인과 해당 해충의 발생과의 상관관계를 기초로 현실적 니체(realized niche)에 접근한다. 이러한 생태적 지위모형은 다양하게 개발되었는데, CLIMEX, SPECIES, 유전적 알고리즘 (GARP, genetic algorithm), 최대 엔트로피(Maxent, maximum entropy) 등 다양한 기법들이 제시되었다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라로 침입이 우려되는 과실파리류에 대하여 저온사망률 자료를 이용한 내한성 모형(일종의 기전모형)을 소개한다. 또한 국내 기후환경에서 잠재적 분포지역을 추정하고, RCP 8.5 시나리오에 따라 향후 분포지역의 변동을 고찰한다. 본 모형은 1km 전자기후도를 이용하여 GIS 기반 웹-시스템으로 구현하였다 (http://npqs.epinet.co.kr/html2/page1_1.html).

In this Paper, We study on establish for unit of measure. Quality means abstract for customer needs. we surveyed unit of measurement of quality feature of Juran, Taguchi, 6 sigma method. We suggest unit of measurement of quality feature. Each enterprise can use defining own unit of measurement of quality feature. Effect is expected in enterprise that these proposals do quality control. There is meaning in direction that measuring mean of quality feature that propose in this treatise understands actuality to be deeply and reconcile exact point of theory.