The “overseas characteristic” of Chinese literature is a very general concept, and its creation is closely related to the writer's writing style and personal life perception.If there is an “overseas characteristics”, I think it should be that immigrants are affected by double culture or even multiple cultures at the same time, which must have culture shock and may also cause identity anxiety. But after this stage, people with sensitive personal life perception will have a process of reflection on themselves and their mother culture. Then it will gradually shift from focusing on external world phenomena to focusing on the growth of the individual's inner self. Chinese-american writer Chen Qian can be said to be an excellent representative of this aspect. “Leaving” is a basic tone in Chen Qian’s works, and the protagonists in Chen Qian's works often leave for better adherence, adherence to self, adherence to their own inner dedication and dream. This paper mainly discusses why the protagonists in Chen Qian's works leave and why they stick to them, in order to explore the influence of individual self-consciousness and mirror image on their own growth, and further explore how Chen Qian views the meaning of life existence. 저

The history of the Japanese army’s exploitation of comfort women during World War II differs greatly from other history of violence in that it was transnational, transracial, and perpetual. The history had been silenced due to the aftermath of the Cold War, authoritarian governance, and the social stigmatizing by the patriarchal society. It was from the 90s that the history became a global agenda when Korean comfort women publicized their experiences of the abuse by the Japanese army. However, the Japanese army is in denial of their brutality, and many victims have deceased. Therefore, it remains as a crucial task of our generation to convert the history of comfort women into collective memory. Taiwan is suffering from a similar history of their comfort women, and the development of the Taiwanese literary narrative of the victims may inspire the Korean society. This paper explores four Taiwanese literature on comfort women- Chen Qian Wu’s ｢輸送船｣ and ｢獵女犯｣, Lee Yung Ping’s ｢望鄉｣, and Chang Ying Min’s 櫻- and illustrates the meaning of the evolution of the narratives regarding the Taiwanese society’s ideology. These novels depict the trauma of comfort women as the result of a combination of numerous oppressions including imperialism, patriarchy, and social classification. Furthermore, these novels describe the trauma of comfort women from multiple angles and in detail.

Most of the dialect native speakers in the Sichuan region realize that the language they have been hearing is a dialect of Chinese only after receiving Mandarin education in scho ol. Taking Chengdu and Chongqing in the 1990s as an example, the Sichuan dialect was t he main language used. Although the country promoted Putonghua, some teachers still us ed dialects for teaching in school education. In the 21st century, the number of people w ho speak Mandarin in Sichuan area has gradually increased. In some public places, it is sti pulated that Mandarin must be used, and the school education site uses Mandarin teachin g entirely. At that time, dialects and Mandarin were confronted head-on, and some people who did not receive Mandarin teaching in school education began to use “Pepper and Sal t Mandarin”, which usually refers to the language spoken in the tone of Mandarin in the dialect of Sichuan and Chongqing, referred to as Trump, mainly as People in Sichuan and Chongqing who cannot speak Mandarin need a communication tool when using Mandarin. Up to now, Mandarin has become the mainstream, with a penetration rate of more than 8 0%. “Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Language Work in the New Era” issued by the General Office of the State Council of China in 2021 China Guobanfa [2020] No. 3 0, release date: November 30, 2021. It is clearly stated that by 2025, the national penetrati on rate of Mandarin will reach 85%. At the same time as the promotion of Mandarin, the use of dialects has gradually decreased, and the number of users has gradually decreased. Dialects are facing a gradual extinction crisis. At the same time, relevant research departm ents in China are also aware of the crisis of dialects, and the country has initiated the pro tection of Chinese language and cultural resources. These protections are basically aimed a t recording dialects and preserving a large amount of information for reference, but the s peed of extinction of dialects has not slowed down. While sorting out Chinese language p olicies after 1949, this publication analyzes the current situation of Sichuan dialects throug h field investigations and puts forward the problems faced by Sichuan dialects. Aiming at t hese problems, a solution combining dialect records and dialect inheritance is proposed. I hope that the language we have learned from our parents can be passed on forever.

Around the Spring Festival in 2023, the outbreak of COVID-19 in China caused a surge in public panic, and some behaviors of praying for blessings have also appeared on the Internet. This article summarizes and analyzes the online blessing behaviors during the Spring Festival in 2023, and analyzes the factors that led to online blessing behaviors. The online blessing behaviors during the Spring Festival in 2023 mainly include two types: blessings to avoid infection and blessings for good luck. The online blessings behaviors during this period have the same characteristics as previous ones, which are limited by the choice of representative figures. The difference is that online blessings behaviors during the Spring Festival in 2023 have returned from online to offline. The primary internal factor that led to online blessings behavior is people’s anxiety. At that time, people in Chinese society are under tremendous pressure, and their anxiety has doubled in the environment of epidemic outbreaks. People use blessings behavior to comfort their souls. The second factor is the common influence of cognitive dissonance and pan-utilitarian psychology. Stress causes cognitive dissonance, and pan-utilitarian psychology makes up for it. The third factor is the influence of herd mentality. Following the trend of the masses makes people more collective. The first of the external factors is the stressful social environment at the time. The second factor in external factors is the influence of capital invested for profit. The third factor is influenced by different cultures such as koi fish and martial arts. The fourth factor is influenced by folk beliefs that can set worship objects as needed.

A new dark brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, referred to as ‘Asakchoco’, was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the ‘Yeoreumhyang2ho’ and ‘Guemhyang2ho’ varieties. The pileus color of the new variety is dark brown and the stipe color is ivory, with uniformity from the upper section to the base. In addition, the primordia formation is uniform compared to that of the control, and the advantage of this is that the pileus does not become deformed after the primordia formation. During bottle cultivation, the period necessary for mycelial growth was 40 d, for primordia formation was 8 d, and for fruiting body growth was 16 d. The total cultivation period was 64 d, which was 2 d shorter than that of the control. The pileus was smaller and thicker and the stipe diameter was the same, but the stipe length was longer than that of the control. The number of valid stipes per bottle was 441, 24% higher than that of the control (357), and the yield was 197 g, 19% higher than that of the control (166 g).

The (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary is a multilingual dictionary of Chinese characters marked in multiple characters. It records the pronunciation and interpretation of Korean, Japanese, Northern Mandarin and Manchurian language corresponding to Chinese characters. There are few Chinese-Korean bilingual dictionaries in modern Korea, and the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary, which records many Chinese words, is evaluated as the prototype of Chinese-Korean dictionaries. In this study, we examine the Chinese and Korean meanings of the ‘火部’ Chinese monosyllabic cooking verbs in the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary. We then analyze their meanings, summarize their meaning-positions and classify the semantic fields. Furthermore, the accuracy of their Chinese and Korean interpretations in the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary is examined, and the prominent interpretation methods and characteristics of the (Hanilseonman) New Dictionary are investigated. This study examines the influence of Modern Times food culture and language, and also points out the problems of Modern Times Chinese-Korean bilingual dictionaries and the direction of future dictionary compilation. This paper discussed the applicability of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionary definitions, examine the interpretation strategies of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionaries, summarize their similarities and differences. This paper also discusses the applicability of modern and contemporary Chinese-Korean dictionaries from the perspective of language learners. This study has significance for researchers on the historical development of Chinese-Korean dictionary compilation.

To transform old words into new words is a very efficient mode of word derivation in contemporary Chinese, which mainly involves the transformation of word form and the transformation of meaning. In the process of transforming the old words language users have created a lot of new words that are very novel in form or meaning based on the relationship between Chinese characters in terms of sound, shape and meaning or the structural features of Chinese characters. This paper lists more than 130 new appellations including sound-based words, form-based words, meaning-based words and words produced by changing the structure of Chinese characters, names the ways how old words transform into new words as JieYinFuXing, XieYinFuYi, BieJieFuYi, FanBeiFuYi, GaiZiBianXing and describes the transformation process of these words. These lexical phenomenons reflect some language psychology such as pursuing new differences, playing jokes and mental association. They have some impacts on the lexical system of contemporary Chinese as they open up new ways for the generation and change of contemporary Chinese words, they supplement the word-making methods and lead to some unconventional combinations in contemporary Chinese lexis. This paper intends to further clarify the important role of Chinese characters in word creation and word development, and deepen the understanding of Chinese Character study and contemporary Chinese lexicology.

Translators of chemical translations in the late Qing Dynasty translated element terms in several ways: connected with Chinese natural object nouns and recorded new meanings with the same characters of the nouns, created translated names, used common words, borrowed from inherent Chinese characters, and created new character. Translators use or create characters according to different motivations, and the selected characters may accord with the components of the characters coincidentally, resulting in one character with multiple translations. As different translators translated the foreign names of the same element, different motivations for selecting/creating characters, or the same motivations with different components of the characters, resulting in different characters with the same usage. Because of the influence of the words used in the translation of Hua Xue Jian Yuan and the requirements for the systematic use of words, most of the words used for liberal translation that are related to the natural nouns have been retained, and the other words have been almost eliminated. The reasons for the elimination include: the selection of inherent Chinese characters leads to an imbalance in the Chinese character system, the inconvenience of the recognition/use of borrowed and created characters, the phenomenon of one character with multiple translations and different characters with the same usage, etc.

This study aims to develop a multi-functional cage for dogs as a house to reduce their anxiety when they go out using cages. This study investigates the types and characteristics of cages and cage preference by surveying men and women in their 20s who use them. The cage product reviews are also analyzed. The research results are as follows: First, domestic dog cages are classified into crate, shoulder, cross (sling bag), backpack, carrier, and stroller types. The crate type is easy to clean and can be used as a house, but it is bulky and therefore inconvenient to carry when using public transportation. The shoulder type is a fabric material with good air permeability but has the disadvantage of being easily soiled. It can be used as a house and is light weight, making it convenient when using public transportation. Second, as a result of consumer research, respondents prefer the shoulder-type fabric over the crate-type plastic material. Third, from the shoulder-type product review, the shape stability, companion dogs’ psychological safety, the wearability of companions, and management convenience are derived. Fourth, based on the survey results, a multifunctional cage is developed taking into account the companion dog, companion person, and functional factors.

This paper examines in some detail the relationship between Elizabeth Corbet Yeats and her brother, William Butler Yeats, pertaining to the activities of the Cuala Press which Elizabeth ran as the printer from 1902 (as the Dun Emer Press and then, the Cuala Press from 1908) while William was the editor, selecting and soliciting books. Their relationship, while stormy all-along, and determined by William’s authoritative editorial choices undermining his sister’s literary role, was, nonetheless, mitigated by William’s attribution of the key role as the printer and publisher to Elizabeth. The relationship was thus often ambivalent and elusive, like many such family ties, than has generally been acknowledged by scholars.

This study investigated the life anxiety and current situation of Yanbian residents under the adjustment of China’s epidemic prevention and control measures, and analyzed 235 questionnaire data with SPSS23.0. The results of independent T-test based on demographic sociological characteristics show that residents' anxiety in villages about income security and living goods security is signific-antly higher than that of residents in cities; The drug security anxiety of the elderly was significantly higher than that of the young; The income security anxiety of the people with low educational level is significantly higher than that of the people with high educational level; The anxiety scores of economic income security, medical security and drug security of low-income groups were significantly higher than those of the control group; The gender difference is not obvious in all variables. The life satisfaction of the high-income group and the elderly group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, economic income level, medical security and epidemic hazards significantly affect the life satisfaction of Yanbian residents. Therefore, all levels departme nts in Yanbian should provide targeted services for different groups of people, and improve the residents’ quality of life in Yanbian by implementing measures including promoting economic development, strengthening medical treatment capacity, and reducing epidemic hazards.

Lee Soo-kwang (1563-1628) is Yun Gyeong, and his pen name is Ji Bong, Dongwon, Mungan, and his main building is Jeonju. His father was Lee Hee-gum, a member of the Byeongjo Panseo, and his mother, Munhwa Yoo, was the fifth-generation descendant of Hajeong Yugwan in Cheongbaek-ri in the early Joseon Dynasty. Lee Soo-kwang, one of the pioneers in the field of practical thought during the mid-Ijo period, spent his life as a civil servant, Neo-Confucianist, philosopher, and literary critic of the Joseon Dynasty, wrote about 1,300 poetry reviews from Chinese and Korean dynasties, and his masterpiece “Jibong Yuseol” consists of a total of 20 and 10 volumes. A total of 3,436 studies were conducted in various fields, and it is an “encyclopedia” that comprehensively records Joseon’s social ideas, and is an important historical source and literature for historical scholars to study Joseon’s politics, economy, and culture. The media related to poetry in this ancient book is mainly concentrated in Volume 8 to Volume 14 of the “Article Department”, and Lee Soo-kwang classifies the poets and poems of South Korea and China in 30 different ways.In this paper, the author on the basis of the former scholars research, first from Li Guang quoted essays from the southern song dynasty of China poetry YanYu “canglang poetry” and from the novel Luo Dajing “crane” discusses the spread time in South Korea and other ancient books in South Korea, according to the theme of the paper extended to develop new research space, The comparison of the original content of the two works analyzes the influence of Li Guang, the characteristics and the use of the references, and the certain significance for the future study of Chinese classical poetics in Korean ancient books.

Modi took office as India’s Prime Minister in 2014, and started second term in 2019. In order to safeguard the party interests of the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) and the Hindu ethnic groups, Modi administration adopted radical policies to promote Hindu nationalism. These policies led to strong Hindu nationalism, rapidly intensified conflicts with other ethnic groups, and eventually filled India with the sentiment of all ethnic groups. In order to divert the national attention and the energy of nationalism, the Modi administration took aggressive diplomatic measures against the neighboring countries. The Modi administration realized the transformation of domestic religious nationalism into the aggressive diplomacy in China, Pakistan and other countries, but it brought a great impact on India's surrounding diplomatic environment, especially led to significant influence to the relations between China and Pakistan. The Modi administration reversed relations of India-China and India-Pakistan respectively, increased opposition and exclusion between India and these two countries; Indian nationalism broke the fragile balance of the geopolitical situation and posed a danger to peace and development in South Asia, meanwhile China and Pakistan developed a closer partnership.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer and is associated with high recurrence, poor treatment, and low survival rates. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that regulates the response to hypoxia, a major factor in the tumor microenvironment that affects tumor development and progression in various cancer types. However, microRNA (miRNA) sequence analysis revealed that only a few miRNAs targeting HIF-1α had been discovered. In the present study, we investigated HIF-1α expression in OSCC and the effect of HIF-1α-targeting miRNAs on the progression and metastatic potential of OSCC. We analyzed public databases to explore which miRNAs target HIF-1α expression. In addition, the expression of proteins involved in the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in HSC-2 cells was analyzed after miRNA-126 mimic treatment. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of miRNA-126 on the proliferation and invasion ability of OSCC cells, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and Transwell assays were performed. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated via gelatin zymography. Our results showed that miRNA-126, which targets HIF-1α, enhances OSCC cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle and reinforces the cell mobility of OSCC via HIF-1α expression. These findings suggest that miRNA-126 may be a novel marker for OSCC treatment and the development of new tools for patients with OSCC.

The paper aims to identify place names in illustration titles in John Nieuhoff’s An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China (English in 1669, Dutch in 1665). Nieuhoff’s text was very popular with the 17th century European public. After its first publication in Dutch it was translated into French, German, Latin and English and reprinted fourteen times in many European countries. In particular, his illustrations were highly appreciated because they provided realistic and vivid images of China to Europeans at a time when there had been little information about China. It had a great influence on the fever for Chinese style in Europe in the 18th century. Nieuhoff’s illustrations were frequently applied to everyday painted objects such as furniture, screens, wallpaper, textiles, and dishes. About 80% of illustrations present scenery in the area where the Dutch embassy anchored or passed by on their journey from Guangdong to Beijing. However, the place names which were transliterated into Dutch and other European languages are a major obstacle for following Nieuhoff’s travelogue. It is not easy to infer the Chinese regional names from either the Dutch or the English text. Therefore, the paper identifies Chinese regions in the text by mainly comparing Nieuhoff’s information and transliteration with Martino Martini’s Novus Atlas Sinensis (1655).

본 연구에서는 삼마제 수행의 근간이 되는 이결정의(二決定義)와 수행 의 방편으로써 제시되는 육근수행을 통해 번뇌의 원인이자 원통의 통로로서 의 육근의 공덕과 작용을 살펴보고자 한다. 아울러 번뇌의 해결과정인 육해 일망에 대해 논의하고자 하였다. 초발심의 두 가지 결정의는 삼마제 수행의 필수 근간이 되는 지침의 역할을 한다. 세존이 설하신 두 가지 결정의는 다음 과 같다. 첫째, 인지(因地)의 발심이 과지(果地)의 깨달음[覺]과 같아야 한다. 인지가 과지와 일치하려면 환망한 생멸심을 버려야 하므로 오탁이 설명되어 야 한다. 둘째, 번뇌의 근본과 그 발업윤생(發業輪生)의 원인을 깨달아야 한 다. 번뇌의 근본과 그 발업윤생함이 육식과 육근에 기인함을 깨닫고 바로 그 육근을 통해 번뇌를 풀어야 함을 말한다. 능엄경에서 이러한 삼마제의 방 편으로서 원통근을 통한 수행을 제시한 이유는 육근이 바로 번뇌의 원인이자 깨달음의 통로[解結同體]로 작용하기 때문이다. 세존의 삼마제 법문 가운데 가장 먼저 설법한 초발심의 두 가지 결정의의 내용으로 본다면 오탁에 의한 생멸심이 중생의 번뇌를 필연적으로 야기한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 결국 중생의 번뇌는 육근과 육진의 전도로 인하여 발생함을 깨닫고 번뇌의 원인인 육근을 통해 번뇌를 벗어나야만 불성으로서의 여래장 묘진여성에 이를 수 있게 된 다.

In a group-testing method, instead of testing a sample, for example, blood individually, a batch of samples are pooled and tested simultaneously. If the pooled test is positive (or defective), each sample is tested individually. However, if negative (or good), the test is terminated at one pooled test because all samples in the batch are negative. This paper considers a queueing system with a two-stage group-testing policy. Samples arrive at the system according to a Poisson process. The system has a single server which starts a two-stage group test in a batch whenever the number of samples in the system reaches exactly a predetermined size. In the first stage, samples are pooled and tested simultaneously. If the pooled test is negative, the test is terminated. However, if positive, the samples are divided into two equally sized subgroups and each subgroup is applied to a group test in the second stage, respectively. The server performs pooled tests and individual tests sequentially. The testing time of a sample and a batch follow general distributions, respectively. In this paper, we derive the steady-state probability generating function of the system size at an arbitrary time, applying a bulk queuing model. In addition, we present queuing performance metrics such as the offered load, output rate, allowable input rate, and mean waiting time. In numerical examples with various prevalence rates, we show that the second-stage group-testing system can be more efficient than a one-stage group-testing system or an individual-testing system in terms of the allowable input rates and the waiting time. The two-stage group-testing system considered in this paper is very simple, so it is expected to be applicable in the field of COVID-19.

국제 중국어 교재에 초과 한자와 초과 어휘가 존재한다는 것은 객관적인 사실이다. 이는 학생 이 텍스트를 이해하는데 영향을 주며, 교사가 수업을 진행하는데 있어서도 피하기 힘든 문제이 다. 본고는 《국제 중국어 교육 중국어 수준 등급 표준》를 기준으로, 『發展漢語』 고급 종합 교재에 포함되어 있는 초과 한자와 초과 어휘를 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 코퍼스 기술을 바탕으로 빠른 식별과 태깅을 진행하여, 『發展漢語』 고급 종합 단계 교재에 나타난 초과 한자와 초과 어휘 현황을 분석하였다. 또한, 초과 한자를 기준으로 真性과 假性으로 구분하고 글자 단위의 의미와 어휘 단위의 의미의 연관성을 근거로 교육 방법을 제안하였다. 한자와 연결되는 동사를 함께 가르치고, 한자와 어휘를 연결하여 학습시키는 방안은 학생의 중국어 학습 능력을 향상시킬 것이다.