In this paper we explore the relationships between brand-centered human resource management (HRM) and brand citizenship behavior. The roles of person-brand fit and brand commitment are discussed, and seven hypotheses presented. Using multilevel analysis, we test whether these concepts mediate the relationship between brand-centered HRM and brand citizenship behavior.

As cause-related marketing (CRM) is becoming an increasingly integral part of corporate social responsibility activities and promotion plans, many researchers have studied what determines the effectiveness of cause-related marketing activities. One of the factors past research paid much attention to in this regard is the fit between the brand and cause. Previous studies have demonstrated that a high brand-cause fit generally improves consumer attitude toward company, increases purchase intent and brand loyalty. However, few recent studies show that a high brand-cause fit may backfire in some circumstances. This research aims to investigate when and why a high brand-cause fit backfires. In this regard, this research focuses on the role of important but understudied concept of consumer-cause fit. Based on a multi-dimensional perspective of self-concept (Sirgy,1982), this research defines and measures consumer-cause fit with respect to multiple dimensions of a consumer’s self-concept. Then, a series of experiments shows how the congruence between images of a cause, a consumer’s ideal and actual self-concept, and images of a brand will interact to moderate, in some cases even reverse, the relationship between brand-cause fit and consumer responses to a cause-related marketing campaign.

Using an experimental design, it is investigated how a cultural institution’s image dimensions are influenced by a sponsorship and its perceived level of sponsor-sponsee fit. Controlling for an individual’s cultural interest, results show that sponsors, depending on their level of congruency, can influence certain sponsee’s image associations.

This study examined how fit between marketing capabilities and exporting marketing strategies affects high growth exporting manufacturing firms’ performance. The result indicates that the marketing infrastructure of high growth exporting firms affects marketing capabilities, the selection of exporting marketing strategies, and high performance. High growth exporting firms in this research belong to machinery, steel, vehicles, electronics & electricity industries. High growth firms by the OECD-Eurostat Manual on Business Demography Statistics (2007) achieve annual average sales or employment growth over twenty percent each year, during a three-year period, and to employ ten or more workers from the first observation year. High growth firms can be considered to have more appropriate marketing capabilities fit with efficient exporting marketing strategies. Barbero et al. (2011) indicated that high growth is based on market expansion and innovation, which is highly related to marketing capabilities. Vorhies & Morgan(2003) addressed that marketing organization fit with strategies affects positively marketing performance. Thus the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between marketing infrastructure and marketing capabilities, to identify the influence of marketing infrastructure on marketing capabilities and the choice of marketing strategies, and to analyze the effect of fit between marketing capabilities and exporting marketing strategies on superior performance. The performance of high growth exporting firms can be obtained in various ways. Marketing capabilities can explain most the selection of strategy for performance (Barbero, Casillas, and Feldman 2011). Morgan, Katsikeas, and Vorhies(2012) addresses that architectural marketing capabilities influence directly export venture financial performance and that specialized marketing capabilities affect directly export venture market performance. The important role of marketing capabilities is positively associated with a more appropriate fit between identifying customers’ needs and implementing marketing strategies to achieve high performance (Barbero, Casillas, and Feldman 2011). Katsikeas et al.(2006) indicate that fit between marketing strategies and marketing infrastructure is a core factor on the performance of exporting firms. Vorhies and Morgan (2003) indicate that marketing capabilities fit with strategy is a vital engine of marketing performance. Although marketing strategy alone is not related to marketing performance (Barbero et al,2011), marketing organization fit with marketing strategy is positively related to marketing performance (Vorhies and Morgan, 2003). Katsikeas, Leonidou, Morgan(2000) analyzed export performance measures based on various primary data and indicated that the interrelation of export performance measures are considered. Vorhies and Morgan (2003) used the concept of ideal marketing organization profile and measured the relationship between fit of marketing capabilities and marketing strategies. Especially Shoham (1998) indicated that sales-related measures can be more reasonable for exporting firms at early stage, while profit-related measures can be more for export-experienced firms. These findings posit that to achieve high performance, high growth exporting firms understand the importance of fit between marketing capabilities and marketing strategies.

스타일이나 색채 톤과 같은 의복 요소에 대한 사용자의 감성은 섬유패션산업에서 소비자와 시장에 대하여 제 품의 호소력에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 호소력 높은 섬유패션 제품을 개발하기 위해서는 의복의 감성과 적절 한 용도의 관련성과 같은 상호관련 또는 복합적 연구가 필수적이며 이를 위해서는 과학적인 방법을 이용하여야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 색채 톤과 여성의 대표적인 의복 블라우스의 감성을 측정하고 블라우스 종류에 따른 최 적의 색채 톤을 발견하는 것이다. 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 블라우스 종류와 색채 톤 사이에 의미 있는 연관성을 발견하였다. 대학생들이 가장 선호하는 종류는 셔츠 블라우스와 브라이트 톤이었다. 비비드 톤도 선호하였지만 블라우스로는 부적합하다고 응답하였다. 블라우스에는 색채톤 중에서 브라이트 톤이 가장 잘 어울 린다고 답하였으며 각 블라우스 종류마다 1-2가지 최적 색채 톤이 있다고 답하였으며 블라우스의 감성과 색채 톤의 감성 간에 깊은 상관이 있었으며 블라우스의 감성에 따라서 최적 색채 톤이 결정되었다. 이는 성별, 전공유 무와 상관이 없이 거의 동일하였다.

본 연구는 영화 마케팅에 있어서 영화포스터 타이틀 로고의 서체적합도와 수용자들의 영화 친숙도, 그리고 영화포스터에 대한 태도 및 영화에 대한 태도, 마지막으로 영화 관람의도의 다섯 가지 잠재요인이 서로 어떠한 영향관계에 있는지 분석하였다. 연구1과 연구2로 구분되어 있는 본 연구는 먼저 연구1로 실험 연구를 진행하였고 다음으로 본 논문에서 제시한 구조모형의 적합성과 각 요인 간 관계를 검증하는 연구2를 진행하였다. 연구1의 결과, 실험 집단 간 차이는 발견하지 못하였다. 하지만 연구2의 구조모형의 경우 영화포스터 타이틀 로고의 서체적합도는 영화포스터에 대한 태도와 영화 관람의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 영화 친숙도의 경우 영화포스터에 대한 태도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 영화포스터에 대한 태도와 영화 자체에 대한 태도, 영화 관람의도 사이에도 서로 긍정적인 영향력을 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 다섯 가지 요인을 이용한 구조모형의 유의미함을 통해 향후 영화 마케팅에서 각각의 요인의 전략적 활용에 대한 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

This study aims to compare the ease of shirt patterns in the men's wear market that have been constantly developing, and to analyze the fitness and appearance through the 3D virtual try-on system. The study selected three industrial patterns and two educational materials of classic-fit and slim-fit shirts for a total of ten items. The experiments involved virtual wearing, a stress contact point perspective map, and appearance evaluations. First, the ease differed significantly in the chest, waist, and sleeve cap height according to the patterns. Second, based on the stress, contact point, and transparency, there was ease in the order of Nam, D-brand, J-brand, Park, and S-brand in the classic-fit shirts while the order of D-brand, Nam, J-brand, Park, and S-brand resulted in the slim-fit shirts. Third, in the appearance evaluation, higher points resulted in the order of J-brand, Park, S-brand, D-brand, and Nam in both classic-fit and slim-fit. The results showed that proper ease differs greatly by shirt-fit and target age. Also, the shirts with more ease tended to be evaluated less favorably in the appearance evaluation. Based on the results, the study suggests that the proper ease in chest circumference is 18cm for the classic-fit shirts and 6 cm for the slim-fit shirts.

In recent days composite bridge decks are increasingly used to new and rehabilitated bridges due to their many advantages such as light weight, high strength, high durability, low maintenance costs and fast installation. To further promote usage of composite bridge decks, the authors have developed decks of new profile having innovative vertical snap-fit connection. Through this development, significant enhancement of constructability and economy are obtained by overcoming the drawbacks of conventional composite decks of tongue-and-groove connection. The paper introduces some research results and notable applications for the developed composite decks of snap-fit connection using for pedestrian bridges. Owing to their considerable advantages of the developed composite decks, increasing number of applications is currently underway in Korea.

This research aims to analyze jeans possession and perceptions of jeans' fit among women in their 20s to help improve the accuracy of purchase decisions in online shopping and to provide basic data necessary to overcome limits in the fit conveyance method of online shopping malls. A sample of 149 females in their 20s was divided into two groups according to height, waist size, and interest in fashion, and several factors were analyzed: jeans possession status, the fit of purchased jeans, the reason for purchase, and the perception of jeans' fit. The results are as follows. The group with a high interest in fashion owned more skinny jeans, and there was a higher frequency of purchasing skinny jeans during the last year among those with a height of 160 cm or more, a waist size of less than 27 inches, and a high interest in fashion. Of the respondents, 92.6% accurately understood skinny fit, 51.7% understood straight fit, and 56.4% understood regular fit. There was no significant difference in the perception of skinny fit or regular fit, but straight fit was better understood by the group with a waist size of 27 inches or more. Thus, by providing accurate size information and analyzing the body shapes of consumers, online shopping malls will be able to increase customer satisfaction with pants of various fits to reduce the rate of returns.

본 연구는 개인-조직간 가치부합이 조직구성원의 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 두 변인간의 관계를 조절하는 변인들의 효과를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 개인-조직간 가치부합과 직무만족간의 관계를 조절하는 변인들은, 다양한 가치를 추구하는 기업에서 조직의 가치와 다른 가치를 지닌 구성원을 유지하면서 낮은 수준의 가치부합이 직무만족에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 완충하는데 활용할 수 있다는 점에서, 실증적인 연구와 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 낙관성, 주도

The objective of this study was to investigate the phasic characteristics of the adjustment process to Korean food with an analysis of Japanese independent tourist culture social resistance factors. To collect data for empirical study, a survey was distributed to 284 Japanese tourists through Korean travel agencies. Logistic regression analysis was carried out in order to determine media and cultural beliefs affecting the diffusion process of Korean food. The results showed that cultural beliefs had no significant effects on the diffusion process of most Korean food. However, people who valued similarities between the two countries-South Korea and Japan-demonstrated a significant effect on performance and identification group. Therefore, cultural beliefs did not influence the diffusion of Korean food, although there are surely cultural beliefs and subjective factors affecting their reform decisions.

Consumers can have impression goals as well as defense goals. Those with impression goals could use social goals or opinions of others in a social context to determine their attitudes, and those with defense goals could maintain their existing attitudes and beliefs. Since people typically approach pleasure and avoid pain, there are two kinds of goal orientations depending on regulatory focus theory. Therefore, marketers could design advertisements for their products on the basis of two types of focus, promotion-focused and prevention-focused advertisements. This study aims to explore how consumers with different consumption goals evaluate an advertised product. The results of this study demonstrate that consumers with impression goals felt much more "right" about the product in a promotion-focused, rather than prevention-focused, advertisement, and those with defense goals, felt much more "right" about the product in a prevention-focused advertisement. Consumers with impression goals evaluated the product in the promotion-focused advertisement more favorably than in the prevention-focused advertisement, and those with defense goals evaluated the product in the prevention-focused advertisement more favorably.

Changes in insect communities are one of the best indicators of environmental changes. A survey was conducted using the Flight Interception Trap (FIT) method to check the changes of species composition and abundance of silphids at Mt. Sokrisan National Park from April to October in 2003 to 2007. A total of9,704 individuals of six silphid species were examined by FIT. Among them, Nicrophorus quadripunctatus was the most dominant species with 8,763 (90.3%) individuals. There were only 971 (9.7%) individuals of the other five species. The seasonal abundance of silphids peaked in July and August. The annual abundance has decreased gradually since 2004. Therefore, the changing patterns of species composition and abundance of silphids checked by long-term monitoring could be used as environmental indicators which indirectly show the environmental changes of Mt. Sokrisan National Park.

조절부합은 개인의 조절초점 성향과 평가 및 판단 전략이 지닌 조절초점이 서로 일치할 때 일어난다. 본 연구에서는 평가 및 의사결정의 영역이 유발하는 조절초점과 개인의 조절초점간의 부합이 평가에 영향을 미칠 것이라고 가정하고, 향상적 영역으로는 제품 디자인 평가를, 예방적 영역으로는 도덕적 평가를 사용하여 조절부합 효과를 알아보았다. 향상초점과 관련된 영역인 미적 제품에 대한 평가 과제를 사용한 실험 1에서는 향상초점인 사람들이 예방초점인 사람들에 비해 긍정적인 것은 더 긍정적으로, 부정적인 것은 더 부정적으로 평가하였다, F(1, 95) = 4.87, p < .05. 반면 금지와 규범적인 도덕 상황을 사용한 실험 2에서는 금지적 상황에서만 예방초점인 사람들이 향상초점인 사람들에 비해 도덕적으로 옳지 않은 결정에 대해서는 더 비 도덕적인 것으로 평가하였다, F(1, 139) 4.14, p < .05. 반면 규범적 상황에 대한 평가에서는 이러한 조절부합 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과는 평가 및 의사결정 영역과 관련해서도 조절부합이 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다.

As directly imported apparel brands are actively entering the domestic market, studies of the marketing aspects of these imported apparel products and their overall consumption trend have been done. However, studies of whether are not the directly imported apparel products provide Korean consumers with an appropriate fit are not as common. Therefore, this study investigates the satisfaction with and problems associated with the fit along with the recognition of and preference for directly imported US apparel brands. 100 female college students who purchased directly imported US apparel brands participated in a survey. The results of this survey showed that their recognition of, preference for, possession rate of and satisfaction with the directly imported US apparel brands tend to be high. The major purchasing motivations were the excellent ‘design’ and ‘color’ of the products. The subjects reported that they were satisfied with the quality of ‘materials’ and ‘sewing condition’. However, they were not satisfied with the ‘comfort’ or the ‘size’. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of these products differed depending on the specific item. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of T-shirts and knits was high, whereas the level for pants was relatively low. They complained mostly about the sleeve length and garment length of upper-body garments and coats. They were not satisfied with how the pants fit. The areas of dissatisfaction regarding the pants were the waist girth, the crotch length and the pants length.

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of hotel employees’ physical attractiveness on person-job fit and to empirically analyze whether self-esteem and self-efficacy play a mediating role in the causality between an employee’s physical attractiveness and person-job fit. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 345 employees and the data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The primary results were as follows: Multiple regression analysis showed that hotel employee physical attractiveness had a positive significant influence on self-esteem (β=.504, p<.001) and self-efficacy (β=.441, p<.001). Also, employee selfesteem (β=.281, p<.001) and self-efficacy (β=.478, p<.001) each had a positive significant influence on person-job fit. As a result of analyzing the mediating role, the effect of hotel employees' physical attractiveness on person-job fit was partially mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy.

In a total hip arthroplasty, the artificial hip joint is composed of an acetabular cup and a femoral head. To minimize the wear of the joint, the bearing surface should be precisely spherical. There were concerns that the press-fitting of the acetabular cup to the pelvis may cause the deformation of the cup and accelerate the wear of the joint, but its in-vivo measurement was challenging. In this paper, 3 dimensional finite element(FE) models of a pelvis and acetabular cups of Metasul 50mm and Pinnacle 50-60mm cups were used to simulate the deformation of the acetabular cups. For Metasul cups, the change of inner radius with respect to the location and the maximum shrinkage of the inner radius were found. For the Pinnacle cups, maximum change of the outer diameter were found and compared with the literature. FE model showed that the maximum shrinkage of the inner radius of the Metasul cup was 23μm (1.0mm press-fit, Bone stiffness 17GPa case). The shrinkage occurred mainly on the anterior and posterior side of rim of the cup, and the amount was proportional to the press-fit amount. The diametric change of the Pinnacle cup was 0.16mm on average, which was in same range of the clinically reported value. In conclusion, under the normal condition the reduction of the inner radius of the Metasul cup was too small to cause the jamming or the excessive wear.

유리섬유강화 폴리에스터(GFRP) 복합소재는 가볍고 내구성이 뛰어나 강재, 콘크리트, 나무 등과 같은 기존의 구조 재료들을 대체할 수 있는 재료로 최근 각광 받고 있다. GFRP 복합소재 데크를 조립하여 아치가교를 만들면 짧은 시간에 시공이 가능하고 복합소재 데크의 재사용이 가능할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 쉽게 조립할 수 있는 수직결구식 복합소재 데크를 활용한 아치가교 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위해 몇 가지 가능한 아치가교의 유형을 제안하고 이를 유한요소해석을 통해 검증한다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the empirical cause-effect relationships among business ethical values and person-organization fit, job satisfaction, turnover intent, and organizational performance within family restaurants and feeding facilities. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 459 restaurant employees. The SPSS and Amos programs were then applied to the data to perform frequency, factor, reliability, correlation and SEM analyses. The primary results are as follows. First, business ethical values had a significant positive effect on person-organization fit. Second, person-organization fit had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction, and a significant negative effect on turnover intent. Third, job satisfaction had a significant positive effect, and turnover intent had a significant negative effect, on organizational performance. Finally, upon verifying the possible direct and indirect effects of business ethical values within family restaurants and feeding facilities, it was determined that the ethical values had significant direct and indirect effects on person-organization fit, job satisfaction, turnover intent, and organizational performance. These findings have various implications. For example, an improved in-house ethical working environment leads to greaterperson-organization fit, and having employees that feel there is better in-house ethical reliability leads to greater consistency between personal and organizational values, resulting in higher job satisfaction and ultimately organizational performance.