In this study, Ti powders were fabricated from Ti scrap by the Hydrogenation-Dehydrogenation (HDH) method.The Ti powders were prepared from the spark plasma sintering (SPS) and their microstructure was investigated.Hydrogenation reactions of Ti scrap occurred at near 450oC with a sudden increase in the reaction temperature and thedecreasing pressure of hydrogen gas during the hydrogenation process in the furnace. The dehydrogenation process was alsocarried out at 750oC for 2 hrs in a vacuum of 10-4torr. After the HDH process, deoxidation treatment was carried out withthe Ca (purity: 99.5%) at 700oC for 2 hrs in the vacuum system. It was found that the oxidation content of Ti powder thatwas deoxidized with Ca showed noticeably lower values, compared to the content obtained by the HDH process. In orderto fabricate the Ti compacts, Ti powder was sintered under an applied uniaxial punch pressure of 40 MPa in the range of900-1200oC for 5 min under a vacuum of 10-4torr. The relative density of the compact was 99.5% at 1100oC and the tensilestrength decreased with increasing sintering temperature. After sintering, all of the Ti compacts showed brittle fracturebehavior, which occurred in an elastic range with short plastic yielding up to a peak stress. Ti improved the corrosionresistance of the Ti compacts, and the Pd powders were mixed with the HDH Ti powders.

Bulk nanostructured metallic materials are generally synthesized by bottom-up processing which starts from powders for assembling bulk materials. In this study, the bottom-up powder metallurgy and High Pressure Torsion (HPT) approaches were combined to achieve both full density and grain refinement at the same time. After the HPT process at 473K, the disk samples reached a steady state condition when the microstructure and properties no longer evolve, and equilibrium boundaries with high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) were dominant. The well dispersed alumina particles played important role of obstacles to dislocation glide and to grain growth, and thus, reduced the grain size at elevated temperature. The small grain size with HAGBs resulted in high strength and good ductility.

Inconel 718 alloy has excellent mechanical properties at room temperature, high temperature and cryogenic conditions. UTS of base metal is about 900MPa at room temperature; this is increased up to 1300MPa after heat treatment & aging-hardening. Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 Alloy were similar to those shown in the the results for tensile test; mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy's GTAW were similar to those of base metal's properties at room temperature. Mechanical properties at cryogenic conditions were better than those at room temperature. Heat-treated Inconel 718, non- filler metal GTAW on Inconel 718 and GTAW used filler metal on Inconel 718's UTS was 1400MPa at cryogenic condition. As a result, the excellent mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy under cryogenic conditions was proved through tensile tests under cryogenic conditions. In addition, weldability of Inconel 718 alloy under cryogenic conditions was superior to that of its base-metal. In this case, UTS of hybrid joint (IS-G) at -100˚C was 900MPa. Consequently, UTS of Inconel 718 alloy is estimated to increase from -100˚C to a specific temperature below -100˚C. Therefore, Inconel 718 alloy is considered a pertinent material for the production of Lox Pipe under cryogenic conditions.

Inorganic oxide colloids dispersed in alcohol were applied to a stainless steel substrate to produce oxide coatings for the purpose of minimizing emissive thermal transfer. The microstructure, roughness, infrared emissive energy, and surface heat loss of the coated substrate were observed with a variation of the nano oxide sol and coating method. It was found that the indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, magnesium oxide, silica, titania sol coatings may reduce surface heat loss of the stainless steel at 300˚C. It was possible to suppress thermal oxidation of the substrate with the oxide sol coatings during an accelerated thermal durability test at 600˚C. The silica sol coating was most effective to suppress thermal oxidation at 600˚C, so that it is useful to prevent the increase of radiative surface heat loss as a heating element. Therefore, the inorganic oxide sol coatings may be applied to improve energy efficiency of the substrate as the heating element.

종래 농촌개발전략은 농업 및 농민에게 중점을 두고 도시의 편리성을 지향하는 정책이었다. 그러나 농업에 의한 농촌발전의 한계성이 드러나고 도시를 지향하는 농촌의 정주정책은 농촌경관의 획일화를 초래함에 따라 농촌다움이 상실되는 문제점을야기하여 왔다. 이로인해, 농촌다움의 상실은 농촌 자체 매력의 상실을 가져왔으며, 이는 소비자인 도시민으로부터 외면당하는결과를 초래하였다. 이에 따라 농업과 농촌이 가지고 있는 잠재적인 기능과 다면적인 기능에 대한 재평가가 이루어지고있으며 이의 활용을 통한 농촌의 활성화를 모색하는 대안이 제기되고 있다.따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 농촌경관 자원으로서 그 중요성이 커지고 있으며, 활용가능한 자원으로 인식되고 있는 농업생산경관의심리적 특성을 분석함으로써 농촌계획에 있어 활용가능한 심리적 인자를 제시하고자 하며, 이후의 농촌계획 및 경관영향평가에 실질적으로 적용할 수 있는 평가기준을 마련하고자 한다.

버섯시장의 개방으로 인한 국내 시장의 잠식이 우려되고 있는 가운데 세계 최고수준의 대량생산시설과 기술을 확보 한 대량생산농가들은 수출시장 개척을 활발하게 추진함으 로써 국내 시장의 한계를 극복하고자 노력하고 있다. 동시에 국내 버섯산업계의 구조조정이 가속화되면서 어려운 상황 에 직면하고 있는 중소규모 농가들은 노랑 분홍 느타리와 같이 새로 보급되는 칼라버섯을 재배하는 등 새로운 시 장을 개 척해 나아가고 있으며, 집에서 버섯을 키울 수 있는 가정버섯 재배, 자연환경을 활용한 자연재배, 일반인들이 버섯재배과 정을 직접 경험할 수 있는 체험학습장 등을 통해 새로운 버섯 산업의 시장을 만들어가고 있다. 국내외적으로 격변하고 있 는 상황에 능동적으로 대처하고 도약의 기회를 만들기 위해 서는 신품종과 재배기술의 개발 보급과 같이 중기적으로 성 과를 낼 수 있는 현장 밀착형 연구뿐만 아니라, 중장기적으로 실용화를 할 수 있는 버섯자원을 수집하고 보존하는 미래성 장동력을 확보하기 위한 연구가 병행되어야 한다. 수많은 버 섯자원 중에서 실용화 가능성이 높고 농가와 소비자들이 요 구하는 특성을 가진 균주를 선발하기 위해서는 체계적인 자 원특성평가 전략이 필요하다. 국내에 존재하는 1,700여종의 모든 버섯을 대상으로 수집하고 보존하기 위해서는 많은 인 적 물적자원이 필요하므로, 수집·보존할 버섯에 대한 선택 과 집중이 필요하다. 우선 느타리, 팽이, 양송이, 표고, 영지 등 주요 버섯류를 비롯해서 새롭게 시장이 형성되고 있는 버 섯류 자원을 집중적으로 수집해서 좀 더 우수한 품종을 육성 하기 위한 자원으로 활용해야 한다. 야생버섯자원이야말로 새로운 형질을 가진 신품종을 육성하는데 반드시 필요한 존 재이기 때문이다. 둘째로 독버섯이거나 식용부적합이라 하 더라도 형태가 독특하고 자실체형성이 가능한 버섯자원이 다. 최근 버섯을 이용한 체험학습프로그램들이 개발되고 시 행되고 있는데, 노랑느타리, 분홍느타리와 같은 칼라버섯과 표고, 그리고 자연조건에서 재배가 용이한 영지, 상황 버섯들 이 이용되고 있다. 다양한 체험학습프로그램이 개발되고 성 공하기 위해서는 좀 더 다양한 버섯류가 개발되어야 한다. 셋 째, 식용이 불가능하더라도 의약품이나 기타 기능성 물질이 있는 버섯류의 수집이 필요하다. 특히 다량으로 발생하거나 자실체의 크기가 커서 기능성 물질의 분리 구명 연구가 가능 한 버섯류들의 채집과 균주수집은 버섯을 이용한 새로운 소 득원을 창출하기 위해서 반드시 필요하다. 아울러 보존자원 이 최단 시간내에 실용화될 수 있도록 최적배양조건, 최적배 지와 같은 기본적인 배양특성 뿐만 아니라 분해력, 톱밥배양 일수, 내병성, 바이러스감염여부, 무포자 등 재배적 특성에 대한 평가체계 구축과 정보화가 필요하다.

This study is deal with the high frequency induction hardening (HF at 850℃, 120kHz & 50kW condition) SM45C steel. (1) The HF specimen which was tempered at 150℃, did not appear any tempering effect. A brittle fracture occurred at rounded area of the tensile specimen. AE amplitude distribution showed between 45~60dB. (2) The HF specimen which was tempered at 300℃, slip and fracture occurred at the hole area of the tensile specimen. As it passes the yield point, the AE energy increased intermittently and AE amplitude distribution showed between 70~85dB. In addition, after the maximum tensile load, it showed high amplitude and energy distribution. The AE amplitude showed between 45~70dB. (3) The HF specimen which was tempered at 450℃, a brittle fracture occurred as if it is torn in the direction of 45℃ on parallel area over the both sides of the tensile specimen, which led to several peak to be appeared in AE energy. It was found that the AE amplitude was relatively low and the AE energy was high.

The silver nanofluids were synthesized by the pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method in a liquid-gas mixture. The size and microstructure of nanoparticles in the deionized water were investigated by a particle size analyzer (PSA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the synthesized nanofluids were investigated in order to assess the stability of dispersion of nanofluid by the zetapotential analyzer and dispersion stability analyzer. The results showed that the spherical silver nanoparticle formed in the deionized water and mean particle size was about 50 nm. Also, when explosion times were in the range of 20~200 times, the absolute value of zeta potential was less than -27 mV and the dispersion stability characteristic of low concentration silver nanofluid was better than the high concentration silver nanofluid by turbiscan.

Recently the information system introduction and the application which use the computer are increasing. The efficient operation of information system helps corporations to improve productivity, customer service and corporate competitive power. SaaS(Software as a Service), which is the developed type of outsourcing in the area of information technology, is to use standardized and packaged application by hosting from the outside of enterprise. SaaS is not developed yet as much as people's interest about that in the initial stage, but its related technology and service capacity are accumulated after repeated trial and error, and it's ready to activate the industry. In the area of information system, studies on the measurement of service quality were followed. But there is little study on service quality measurement in the field of SaaS(Software as a Service). The purpose of this study was to divides the SaaS with e-SERVQUAL and it consider the relationship with the perceived recognition and the usage intention. According to this, variables of traditional research were rejected because SaaS is not developed yet in Korea. But information had a strong effect on perceived recognition. Therefore, business related with in SaaS must have provided a correct information about various applications.

Modular construction uses pre-fabricated volumetric units that are transported and installed on site as fitted-out and serviced 'building blocks'. The use of modular construction is directly influenced by the client's requirements for speed of construction, quality, reuse and benefits of economy. These benefits may be maximized under the condition that modules are almost manufactured in factory and transported to the site without any damages. In Korea, some damaged modules were reported on the process of transportation. This paper quantifies the vibration performances of modular units under transportation by analytical and experimental methods. Quantified vibration performances are reflected to the transportation guide of modular units.

This study was conducted to investigate purchasing behavior of jeans consumers and to find differences in jeans evaluative criteria according to consumers' characteristics. Male and female university students participated in the study. Quota sampling method was used to collect the data. Data from 492 questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, ANOVA, Duncan test, and t-test were conducted. Three factors of jeans evaluative criteria classified (i.e., external criteria, internal/aesthetic criteria, internal/quality criteria). Results indicated that most of respondents put on jeans wear more than three times per a week and 38.1% of respondents reported that they owned three to four jeans products on average. Department store was the most used place to buy jeans product with 44.2%. 27.5% of respondents spent from 50,000 won to 100,000 won on purchasing jeans. Style was the highest important jeans evaluative criterion with 36.2%, followed by fitness, price, color, condition of washing treatment. Women respondents considered aesthetic criteria and quality criteria more importantly than men did. Respondents who were on a high income and spent more than 200,000 won per a month on apparel more concerned aesthetic criteria and external criteria than the other respondents did. Results of this study provide a basis for understanding jeans consumers' purchase behavior and evaluative criteria.

This study examined the effects of added amounts of shrimp powder on the physical and sensory properties of Jook for elderly foodservice operation. According to the amylograph data, the composite shrimp flour-wheat flour samples increased the gelatinization temperature, with increasing shrimp-flour content; moreover, initial viscosity at 95℃, viscosity at 95℃ after 15 minutes, and maximum viscosity were reduced. As the level of shrimp powder in samples increased, L-values decreased, and a-values and b-values increased. In addition, the Jook had higher viscosity and lower spreadability values as the amount of shrimp powder increased. Sensory characteristics, such as nutty taste, color, viscosity, and overall preference increased significantly with the addition of shrimp powder. In conclusion, to enhance the quality of Jook, a 3% addition of shrimp powder would be the most beneficial.

국내외에서 수집한 다양한 버섯유전자원들은 새로운 재배 법 개발과 소비자가 선호하는 새로운 형질을 갖춘 신품종을 육성하는 데 매우 중요한 존재이다. 그동안 여러 가지 여건 상 수집한 버섯유전자원의 안정적인 장기보존방법 연구에만 치중할 수 밖에 없었다. 그러나 UPOV 가입으로 버섯 수출입 이 완전개방화되고 품종과 관련된 로얄티 분쟁이 증가될 우 려가 높아지고 있는 시점에서 버섯자원의 관리체계를 전환 해야 할 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 단순히 자원을 수집하고 보 존하는 체계에서 재배법 개발과 신품종 육성에 필요한 특성 평가가 강화되어야 할 필요성이 증가되고 있다. 기본적인 배 양특성 뿐만 아니라 병저항성, 바이러스감염, 배양일수 등과 같은 육종 재배에 직접적으로 활용될 수 있는 실용적인 특성 에 대한 대량평가체계가 확립되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 배 양속도지수, 병원체별 저항성 정도 등 특성을 수치화할 수 있 는 다양한 지표들의 개발이 필요하다. 여기에서는 기존의 배 양직경측정에 의한 배양특성 평가와 배양속도지수를 이용한 배양특성 평가방법을 비교하고자 한다.

본 연구는 배수성 아스팔트 포장의 표면을 아크릴 수지로 코팅 처리할 경우 내구성 측면 및 기능적 측면에서 어떠한 효과가 있는가를 실내시험을 통해 평가하는 기초적인 연구이다. 포장의 내구성 측면에서는 칸타브로 및 휠트래킹, 수분손상 간접 인장 피로 시험 등을 실시하였다. 시험결과 시편을 수지로 코팅을 한 경우 칸타브로 손실률이 3배 정도 감소되었고 균열에 대한 저항성도 대폭 향상되었으나 수분손상 및 소성변형의 저항성은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기능적인 측면에서는 코팅 전 후의 투수계수 및 공극률 BPT(British Pendulum Tester)를 사용한 미끄럼 저항성의 변화를 측정하였다. 시험결과 공극률 및 투수계수는 약간 저하되나 기능상의 문제는 없을 것으로 판단되며, 미끄럼 저항성은 규사를 살포하지 않을 경우 미끄럼 저항성이 감소되나 규사를 살포할 경우 코팅 전 수준 이상의 미끄럼 저항성을 확보하는 것으로 나타났다.

Phase transition in ferroelectric polymer is very interesting behavior and has been widely studiedfor real device applications, such as actuators and sensors. Through the phase transition, there is structuralchange resulting in the change of electrical and optical properties. In this study, we fabricated the Febry-Perotinterferometer with the thin film of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) 50/50mol% copolymer, and thermo-opticalproperties were investigated. The effective thermo-optical coefficient of P(VDF-TrFE) was obtained as 2.3~3.8×10-4/K in the ferroelectric temperature region (45oC~65oC) and 6.0×10-4/K in the phase transition temperatureregion (65oC~85oC), which is a larger than optical silica-fiber and PMMA. The resonance transmission peakof P(VDF-TrFE) with the variation of temperature showed hysteretic variation and the phase transitiontemperature of the polymer in heating condition was higher than in the cooling condition. The elimination ofthe hysteretic phase transition of P(VDF-TrFE) is necessary for practical applications of optical devices.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of cookies prepared with shrimp powder (0, 3, 5, 7, 9%) substituted for flour as a snack food for Kindergarteners. The pH of the cookie dough decreased significantly in response to the addition of all levels of shrimp powder. However, there were no significant differences in the dough values among the test groups. Furthermore, when the spread factor values were compared among groups, they were found to be inversely proportional to the shrimp powder concentration. In addition, the Hunter's color L, a and b values decreased significantly as the level of shrimp powder increased. Moreover, the addition of 3~9% shrimp powder resulted in increased hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and brittleness when compared to the control. Finally, the results of acceptance test showed that the cookies containing 5% shrimp powder had the highest scores.

FIB와 나노메니퓰레이터를 이용한 다양한 nano manufacturing을 통해 단일 나노선 소자제작 및 평가가 가능하였으며 또한 나노물질 자체의 전기적, 기계적 특성 평가를 수행할 수 있었다. 나노메니퓰레이터를 나노선에 직접 접촉시켜 전기적 특성을 평가하는 기술은 STA 등과 함께 사용될 때 높은 신뢰도를 갖는 신호를 얻을 수 있었다. 특히, 이를 이용한 나노 소재 특성 평가기술은 소자제작 시간을 단축시킬 수 있고 패턴닝으로부터 화학적 오염을 줄일

This paper investigates tensile characteristics of the stress aging heat-treated SM45C steel which are aging temperature at 250℃, 300℃, aging time at 1, 3 hours, and applied load at 300, 400N conditions by using acoustic emission. Most suitable aging condition was aging temperature 300℃, aging time 1 hour, and aging applied load 300N. And increased yield load 28.3% than non-treatment specimen in this condition. AE energy in elastic limit increased about 16.7 times than non-treatment specimen. When aging time is 3 hours, yield load decreased than other conditions that possibility is high to have itself defect on inside the specimen or coarse grain size precipitation is different in happened over-aging phenomenon. Especially, in case of 300℃, 3 hours and 400N condition appeared AE energy in elastic limit fairly high about 30 times than non-treatment specimen. This is considered by emit a lot of energies when material causes plastic deformation because the ductility increases on specimen by over-aging phenomenon.