Allelic variations in glutenin and puroindolines of 26 Korean wheat cultivars were evaluated to determine their effects on the physicochemical properties of flour and quality of white salted noodles. Cultivars carrying Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1b exhibited a coarser particle size of wheat flour and a higher ash and damaged starch content than those with Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a. Glu-B1b, Glu-D1f, Glu-B3d and Pina-D1a alleles exhibited lower protein content than other alleles. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1f Glu-B3d, Glu-B3i and Pinb-D1b alleles appeared to be related to a lower SDS-sedimentation volume than other alleles. In dough rheological properties, Glu-A1a and Glu-D1d alleles showed a longer mixing time on the mixograph and maximum dough height but Glu-A3e and Glu-B3i alleles had a lower mixing time on the mixograph and a lower maximum dough height than other alleles at Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci. Regarding the quality of white salt noodles, about 10% of the variations in the hardness of cooked noodles were explained by Glu-A1 and Glu-B3 loci. Hardness rankings of cooked noodles were Glu-A1a > Glu-A1c > Glu-A1c at the Glu-A1 locus. Glu-B3h showed higher cooked noodle hardness (5.10 N) than other alleles at the Glu-B3 locus (< 4.66 N).

This study was carried out to identify Korean ginseng cultivars using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) microarray. Sixty-seven probes were designed based on nucleotide variation to distinguish Korean ginseng cultivars of Panax ginseng. Among those PNA probes, three (PGB74, PGB110 and PGB130) have been developed to distinguish five Korean ginseng cultivars. Five Korean ginseng cultivars were denoted as barcode numbers depending on their fluorescent signal patterns of each cultivar using three probe sets in the PNA microarray. Five Korean ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Gopoong, Gumpoong and Sunpoong, were simply denoted as '111', '222', '211', '221' and '122', respectively. This is the first report of PNA microarray which provided an objective and reliable method for the authentication of Korean ginseng cultivars. Also, the PNA microarray will be useful for management system and pure guarantee in ginseng seed.

본 연구에서는 국내 콩 산업의 경쟁력 제고를 위해 국내 콩품종을 간편하고 신속하게 판별을 할 수 있는 기술을 개발하였다. 공우성(Co-dominant)인 STS 마커는 RCR기반으로 한 agarose gel에서 쉽게 확인이 가능한 장점이 있어 대량의 유전자원 분석 및 품종판별에 효율적으로 사용 가능하다. 본 연구에서 MF technique을 이용하여 우리나라 대표품종인 황금콩의 Genomic DNA library를 작성하고 이를 해독한 염기서열 정보로부터 STS-CAPS 마커를 개발하여 국내 콩 품종판별에 적용한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1. 선발된 총 1440개의 클론 중에서 700 bp 이상인 887개의 콜로니에 대해 염기서열 분석을 하였다. 분석된 클론의 염기서열 정보를 이용하여 총 143쌍의 STS primer를 제작하고, 황금콩에서 단일밴드로 증폭되는 101쌍의 primer를 1차 선발하였다.2. 선발된 101쌍의 primer를 국내 주요 14품종에 적용하여, PCR 증폭 후 AluI, HaeIII 등 7종의 제한효소를 처리, 2% agarose gel에서 전기영동 한 후 품종 간 다형성을 확인하였다. 14개 주요 보급 콩 품종에 대해서 다형성 분석을 통해 총 18쌍의 STS primer를 선발하였다. 3. 콩 품종판별을 위하여 선발한 18개 STS-CAPS 조합(51개 조합)의 총 대립인자 수는 147개였으며, 대립인자 수의 범위는 2-6개이었고, 평균 대립인자 수는 2.9 였다. 분석에 사용한 51개의 STS-CAPS조합의 PIC value는 0.02-0.74 의 범위였으며 평균 PIC value는0.40이었다. 4. 110개 한국 육성 품종을 대상으로 단계별(14단계)로 품종판별을 하였다. 110 개의 품종 중 동일한 패턴을 보인 4개의 품종(진품콩과 진품콩 2호 및 소원콩과 신강콩) 을 제외하고 106(96.4%) 품종이 판별되었다.

In this study, Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) analyses were used to clarify the genetic polymorphisms among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Polymorphic and reproducible bands were produced by 14 primers out of total 30 primers used in this study. Fourteen EST-SSR loci generated a total of 123 bands. Amplified PCR products showed the highly reproducible banding patterns at 110~920 bp. The number of amplified bands for each EST-SSR primers ranged from 2 to 19 with a mean of 8.8 bands. P26 and P35 primers showed 13 and 12 banding patterns, respectively. The number of alleles for each EST-SSR locus ranged from 1.67 to 2.00 with a mean of 1.878 alleles. P34 and P60 primers showed the highest and the lowest genetic polymorphism, respectively. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarity estimated by EST-SSR markers classified Korean cultivars and breeding lines into 4 groups. Group included Gopoong and Chunpoong and 9 breeding lines (55%), group included 2 breeding lines (10%), group included 3 breeding lines (15%), group included Gumpoong and 3 breeding lines (20%). Consequently, the EST-SSR marker developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and differentiation of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines.

These studies were conducted to provide basic information on Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and to identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. The agronomic characteristics was used to clarify the genetic relationships among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Angle of petiole and number of fibrous root showed a wide variation from 15.0~67.8˚ and 0~5, respectively. The average plant length was 54.2cm with a range of 37.9~64.8cm and the average stem diameter was 5.6mm with a range of 4.0~7.5mm. The average stem length was 31.9cm with a range of 21.8~37.9cm and the average root weight was 38.1 g with a range of 23.0~52.0 g. The 24 Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines were classified into 4 groups based on agronomic characteristics using the complete linkage cluster analysis. The I, II, III and IV groups included the 60.8%, 7.4%, 13.1% and 8.7% of the cultivars and breeding lines, respectively. The breeding lines in group I could be characterized as the group with the highest growth characters and yield components, such as plant length, stem diameter and root weight. The root weight, the yield component, had highly significant positive correlations with stem diameter, plant length and stem length.

Panax ginseng is a well-known herbal plant originated from North-east asia for its various tonic effects. However, production of ginseng roots takes long time in field condition, usually five through six years until harvest. Additionally, ginseng is very susceptible to many kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses, for example, Rhizoctonia solani, which causes damping-off, or high temperature. To overcome these limits, induction of adventitious roots has been studied for more than 10 years and also adventitious roots are widely used materials for genetic research of P.ginseng. In this study, we induced adventitious roots from registered Korean ginseng cultivars and cultured them in bioreactor condition. Induction rate of adventitious roots from nine Korean ginseng cultivars was evaluated and growth pattern of four cultivars in bioreactor scale was also studied. Furthermore, genes that are related to biosynthesis of saponins in ginseng, ginsenoside, were discovered in ginseng whole-genome shotgun sequences for genetic research.

To obtain basic information of diseases resistant degree of Korean wheat cultivars, we investigated the diseases occurrence and examined field resistance of the materials against to the major diseases. Disease occurrence was investigated in southern regions from March to May, 2012. And the resistance degree was tested to 30 Korean wheat cultivars seeded in autumn. After wintering season, Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus(SBWMV) was infected as 29.4% in the regions. The sharp eyespot was infected about 43% in stem base even if it was not showed distinct symptoms yet. Three Fusarium spp. were identified from rotten stem base and root crown. After heading, mainly fungal damage such as powdery mildew, leaf rust, sharp eyespot and Fusarium head blight were prevalent. Around the harvest season, discoloration of grain by precipitation also occurred and which was different infection degree depending on the each cultivar. 14 cultivars as Geurumil, Dajoongmil showed resistant leaf yellowing spot symptoms. In powdery mildew resistance investigation, recently developed cultivars were more susceptible comparing to none or a little symptom manifestation of older varieties.

1913년부터 2006년까지 국내에서 육성된 콩 106 품종의 종실 isoflavone 함량의 변이를 구명하였다. 총 isoflavone의 함량은 평균 1489.0 μg/g이었고, 527.9～3436.5 μg/g의 범위이었다. 구성성분의 함량은 daidzein은 평균 650.5 μg/g이었고, 153.0～1710.4 μg/g의 범위이었으며, glycitein은 평균 146.2 μg/g이었고, 32.2～308.2 μg/g의 범위이었다. genistein은 평균 692.3 μg/g이었고, 203.4～1502.4 μg/g의 범위이었다. 총 isoflavone 함량이 높은 품종은 백천(2553.9 μg/g), 보석콩(3436.5 μg/g), 대황콩(2709.2 μg/g), 대망콩2호(2595.0 μg/g), 장기콩(2769.9 μg/g), 풍원콩(2872.8 μg/g), 소진콩(2521.8 μg/g) 및 소록콩(2956.1 μg/g)이었으며, 국내 콩 품종 중에서 보석콩이 가장 높았다. 국내에서 육성된 콩 품종들의 isoflavone 함량은 육성연대, 용도, 종실크기 및 육성모지에 따라서 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 육성연도에 따른 총 isoflavone 함량은 2000년대에 육성된 품종이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 1980년대와 1990년대에 육성된 품종이 높았으며, 1980년 이전에 육성된 품종이 가장 낮았다. 용도에 따른 총 isoflavone 함량은 나물용 품종이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 장류용 품종이, 그 다음으로 밥밑용 품종이 높았으며, 풋콩 및 올콩용 품종이 가장 낮았다. 종실크기에 따른 총 isoflavone 함량은 소립종이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 중립종이 높았으며, 대립종이 가장 낮았다. 육성모지에 따른 총 isoflavone 함량은 익산이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 밀양이 높았으며, 수원이 가장 낮았다.

땅콩의 새로운 수요개발을 위해 국내 육성품종 37종에 대한 땅콩 싹나물 비교시험을 통하여 싹나물에 적합한 우량품종을 선발하고 생육형질 상호간의 관계를 조사여 싹나물 연구를 위한 기초 자료자료로 활용하고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 시험에 이용한 각 품종의 100립중은 조광 56 g에서 호광 142 g까지 넓게 분포하였다. 전체품종의 하배축길이는 팔광 4.3 cm에서 대신 5.8 cm 분포하고 평균 5.1 cm였으며 하배축의 직경은 평균 6.9 mm 미광 5.0 mm에서 대청 8.0mm까지 걸쳐 분포하였다. 뿌리길이는 대청 11.1 cm에서 미광 20.6 mm에 분포하였으며 평균 14.6 cm이였다. 상배축의 길이는 평균 1.8 cm로서 대풍 0.8 cm에서 미광 4.6 cm에 걸쳐 분포하였다. 미광은 하배축이 가늘고 짧으며, 상배축과 뿌리가 가장 길었고 기능성 성분 resveratrol 함량(88.2ug/g )도 높았다. 중소립종 조광은 하배축의 길이(5.0 cm)가 짧은 편이나 하배축 직경(7.8 mm)은 통통하고 싹나물의 크기가 균일하며 수율은 820%로 가장 높았으며 특히 깨끗한 외관 품질을 가져 땅콩 싹나물로 적합한 특성을 가졌다. 땅콩 싹나물 형질 상호간의 상관관계에서 땅콩 종자의 100립중은 싹나물의 resveratrol함량, 성묘율, 수율과는 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 묘중, 곡묘 하배축 개열성과는 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 싹나물 뿌리 길이는 상배축의 길이, resveratrol 함량, 수율과는 정의 관계를 나타내고 하배축 직경과 개열성과는 부의 관계를 나타냈다.

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and to develop a technique for cultivar identification using SSR markers in grapevine. Thirty Korean bred and introduced grapevine cultivars were evaluated by 28 SSR markers. A total of 143 alleles were produced ranging from 2 to 8 alleles with an average of 5.1 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information contents (PIC) were ranged from 0.666 (VVIp02) to 0.975 (VVIn33 and VVIn62) with an average of 0.882. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) clustering analysis based on genetic distances using 143 alleles classified 30 grapevine cultivars into 7 clusters by similarity index of 0.685. Similarity values among the tested grapevine cultivars ranged from 0.575 to 1.00, and the average similarity value was 0.661. The similarity index was the highest (1.00) between 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early', and the lowest (0.575) between 'Alden' and 'Narsha'. The genetic relationships among the 30 studied grapevine cultivars were basically consistent with the known pedigree. The three SSR markers sets (VVIn61, VVIt60, and VVIu20) selected from 28 primers were differentiated all grapevine cultivars except for 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early'. Five cultivars ('Narsha, 'Alden', 'Dutchess', 'Pione', and 'Muscat Hamburg') were identified by VVIn61 at the first step. Then 21 cultivars including 'Hongsodam' by VVIt60 at the second step and 2 cultivars ('Heukbosuck' and 'Suok') by VVIu20 at the third step were identified. These markers could be used as a reliable tool for the identification of Korean grapevine cultivars.

In this study, simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses were utilized for evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of 17 accessions. Five cultivars, which were developed from Korea, and 12 foreign accessions, which were collected from China, Japan, Russia and USA, were evaluated by nine markers out of 22 SSR markers. A total of 39 alleles were detected, ranging from 2 to 8, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity and PIC values were 0.627 and 0.553, with a range from 0.21 (GB-PG-078) to 0.76 (GB-PG-142) and from 0.19 (GB-PG-078) to 0.70 (GB-PG-142), respectively. Four makers out of nine SSR markers, GB-PG-026, GB-PG-043, GB-PG-142 and GB-PG-177, were selected as key factors for discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions. All of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions were individually by the combination of four SSR markers. Consequently, the SSR markers developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions.

Varietal and annual variations in the contents of β-glucan fractions per weight grain samples were examined in sixteen covered and eighteen naked barley and five oat cultivars developed in Korea. Also, the effect of pearling on β-glucan content was invest

Fusarium head blight (FHB), also known as scab, caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat in regions that are warm and humid during flowering. In addition to significant yield and quality losses, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol produced by the pathogen in infected wheat kernels is a serious problem for food and feed safety. Twenty- three Korean cultivars and "Sumai 3", which is a FHB-resistant Chinese cultivar were tested for Type I, Type II resistances of FHB. Three cultivars were identified as resistant in Type I assessment, and two cultivars were resistant in Type II assessment. Genetic variation and relationship among the cultivars were evaluated on the basis of 11 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and 29 Sequence Tagged Site (STS) markers that were linked to FHB resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on chromosome 3BS. One SSR and 7 STS markers detected polymorphisms. Especially, using a STS marker (XSTS3B-57), 32.4% of the variation for Type II FHB resistance could be explained. Genetic relationship among Korean wheat cultivars was generally consistent with their released year. These markers on chromosome 3BS have the potential for accelerating the development of Korean wheat cultivars with improved Fusarium head blight resistance through the use of marker-assisted selection.

The purpose of this study is to analyze antioxidant activity and multidrug resistance reversing activity in several Korean colored soybean (Glycine max Merr.) cultivars. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from colored soybean cultivars was evaluated by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) methods. By means of TBARS, cultivar "Jeonnam #1" showed the highest activity until 7 days, and followed by "Black #1", "Jinyul" and "Black #3", showing lower activity than that of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). Methanol extracts of all cultivars proved that DPPH radical scavenging activity is dose-dependent. Methanol extract from cultivar "Jeonnam #1" showed highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, and followed by cultivars "Black #1". MDR (multi-drug resistance reversing) activity, however, showed the highest effect in "Black #3" and the lowest "Black #1" cultivar. These results suggest that seed colors of soybean may play an important role in antioxidant activity and MDR activity.

The principal objective of this study was to develop a discrimination method using SSR markers in Korean ginseng cultivars. Five cultivars--Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Gopoong, Sunpoong, and Kumpoong--were evaluated by nine markers out of 22 SSR markers. A total of 23 alleles were detected, ranging from 1 to 4, with an average of 2.6 alleles per locus, and an averages of gene diversity (GD) of 0.480. Nine markers were tested in order to distinguish among five Korean ginseng cultivars. Two markers out of nine SSR markers, GB-PG-065 and GB-PG-142, were selected as key markers for discrimination among Korean ginseng cultivars. Two genotypes were detected in GB-PG-065. Chunpoong and Kumpoong shared the same allele type, and Yunpoong, Gopoong, and Sunpoong shared another identical allele type. In the case of GB-PG-142, a specific allele type differentiated from those of other four cultivars was observed only in Sunpoong cultivar. Consequently, the SSR markers developed in this study may prove useful for the identification of Korean ginseng cultivars and the development of ginseng seed management systems, as well as tests to guarantee the purity of ginseng seeds.