The purpose of this study was to investigate the main source of contamination of dried red pepper by assessing microbial loads on red peppers, washing water, washing machines, harvesting containers, and worker gloves that had come in contact with the dried red pepper. To estimate microbial loads, indicator bacteria (total bacteria, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli) and pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Clostridium perfringens) were enumerated. The results showed that the numbers of indicator bacteria increased significantly after washing red peppers compared with that before washing (p<0.05). Moreover, E. coli and Listeria spp. were recovered from the red peppers after washing and from the ground water used in the washing process. The number of indicator bacteria on red peppers dried in the green house was lower than that on red peppers dried in a dry oven (p<0.05). However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and C. perfringens were not detected. These results suggested that a disinfection technique may be needed during the washing step in order to prevent potential contamination. In addition, hygienic practices during the drying step using the dry oven, such as establishment of an optimal temperature, should be developed to enhance the safety of dried red pepper.

중금속으로 오염된 토양과 광미는 지하수 및 생태계에 추가적으로 피해를 발생시킨다. 이러한 독성 금속의 축적은 식물의 성장억제 및 인체의 발달이상, 발암과 같은 다양한 질병의 원인이 된다. 오염된 토양에서 중금속을 정화하는 방법으로는 고형화/안정화, 토양세척, 토양경작법 등과 같이 다양한 방법이 있다. 하지만 부지 및 오염특성에 따라 적절한 방법을 사용해야 한다. 적절한 방법 중 하나는 오염된 토양의 고형화/안정화이다. 본 연구의 목적은 오염된 토양 및 광미 내 존재하고 있는 중금속을 고형화/안정화 공법을 적용하여 정화하는 방법을 제안하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 오염토양 내 중금속을 고형화/안정화 시키고 강도 증진을 위해 MICP 토착미생물과 산업폐기물인 굴패각, 폐석고를 배합하여 고화제로 사용하였다. 국내의 중금속 오염토양과 광미에서 MICP 토착미생물을 분리하였고 균체 지방산 분석을 통하여 동정을 진행하였다. 각각의 시료에서 분리한 균주를 동정한 결과 가장 많이 유사성을 보이는 균주는 Brevibacillus centrosporus 와 Bacillus megaterium 이었다. 또한 MICP 토착미생물의 최적 성장 조건을 도출하였으며, 산업폐기물과 MICP 토착미생물의 최적 배합비를 적용한 공시체의 일축압축강도 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 28일 경과 후 일축압축강도는 미국 EPA 폐기물처리 표준 기준을 만족하였으며, 위해성 평가를 위한 TCLP, SPLP 분석 결과 미국 EPA 기준을 만족하였다.

The purpose of this study was to suggest feasible disposal methods for heavy-metal-contaminated soil or mine tailings through solidification/stabilization. To improve the compressive strength and enhance the heavy-metal stabilization after solidification/stabilization, we used the industrial wastes (oyster shell powder and waste gypsum) and indigenous bacteria as immobilization agents. Three indigenous bacteria were isolated from each heavy-metal-contaminated soil or mine tailing site, and the bacteria were identified by cellular fatty acid composition analysis. The results of cellular fatty acid composition analysis showed that the closest strains of these bacteria are Brevibacillus centrosporus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and Bacillus megaterium. To the best of our knowledge, this research was the first report of biomineralization by Brevibacillus centrosporus. As a result of mixing additives with the optimum mixing ratio suggested in this study, the compressive strengths of specimens were satisfied in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) waste treatment standard after 28 days of aging. Additionally, the results of the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) analysis showed the successful immobilization of heavy metals after 28 days of specimen formation for solidification/stabilization.

A total of 708 methanol extracts from 599 species in 126 families(e.g. Aceraceae) of plant resources were screened for inhibition of cosmetics contaminating microbe, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using 96-well microplate bioassay. Four plant extracts including Celastrus orbiculatus inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus over 90%, 38 extracts including Acer palmatum var. nakaii inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa over 60% and 10 extracts including Ilex crenata var. microphylla inhibited growth of Candida albicans over 60%. Plant extracts showing growth inhibition activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans could be used as a reference guide for the future development of natural preservatives for cosmetics.

자생하는 미생물의 활성을 촉진시킴으로써 오염된 연안퇴적물을 현장생물정화하기 위하여 사용하는 미생물활성촉진제의 용출특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 미생물의 생리활성을 촉진하는 황산염, 질산염을 오염되지 않은 연안퇴적물과 혼합하였으며, 혼합물을 볼 형태로 만 든 뒤 셀룰로스 아세테이트 및 폴리설펀으로 각각 표면을 코팅하여 볼 형태의 미생물활성촉진제 2종을 제작하였다. 또한, 황산염과 질산염이 용해된 생리활성물질 용액에 입상활성탄을 침지시켜 입자상 미생물활성촉진제를 별도로 준비하였다. 셀룰로스 아세테이트로 코팅한 미생물활 성촉진제를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 코팅층 내부는 다소 큰 공극이 불규칙적으로 존재하였으나 코팅층 외부는 촘촘한 벌집모양의 공극들 이 분포되어있었다. 폴리설펀으로 코팅한 미생물활성촉진제의 경우는 코팅층의 내부와 외부 모두 공극이 없는 치밀한 구조를 보였다. 셀룰로스 아세테이트로 코팅한 미생물활성촉진제의 생리활성물질 용출율은 폴리설펀으로 코팅한 미생물활성촉진제에 비해 증류수와 해수에서 모두 높 았으며, 입자상 미생물활성촉진제로부터의 생리활성물질의 용출율은 폴리설펀으로 코팅한 미생물활성촉진제에 비해 약 9배 이상 높았다. 미생 물활성촉진제로부터 생리활성물질들의 용출속도는 정체조건에 비해 난류조건에서 약 3배 이상 빠른 것으로 평가되었으며, 생리활성물질들 중 에서 질산염은 황산염에 비해 빠르게 용출되는 특성을 보였다.

Microbiological contamination of 4 vegetables (garlic, red pepper, perilla leaf and lettuce) collected from 10 restaurants around university was examined. The vegetables were evaluated for total plate count, coliforms, psychrophiles, yeast, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of total plate count showed the highest value as 5.4±0.69 log CFU/g in lettuce, following by 4.8±1.53 log CFU/g in red pepper, 4.5±1.65 log CFU/g in perilla leaf and 3.4±1.27 log CFU/g in garlic. The contamination level of coliforms and psychrophiles were highest in red pepper with maximum as 4.7 log CFU/g and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. Red pepper of psychrophiles showed the highest average value as 5.0±1.82 log CFU/g followed by 4.2±1.91 log CFU/g in lettuce, 4.7±1.55 log CFU/g in perilla leaf and 2.4±2.10 log CFU/g in garlic. The average number of yeasts were highest in perilla leaf with 4.4±1.41 log CFU/g and were lowest in garlic with 0.9±1.41 log CFU/g. The contamination level of S. aureus was detected in 27 samples among the total 40 samples with the range of 0.5-5.2 log CFU/g. In conclusion, the microbial quality of the fresh vegetables evaluated in this study was not very good. Therefore, it needs to be enhanced through the good sanitation management and production and distribution methods to improve the safety of fresh vegetables.

In this study, we isolated microorganisms from dried persimmon in Sangju and obtained 15 strains of microorganisms as the basic research to prevent the quality changes during drying and storage of dried persimmon. Contaminated microorganisms were separated using seven species of medium. Viable cell counts of dried persimmon from Sangju was 5.18×102∼1.68×107 CFU/g. Green mold K2-1 accounted for the highest percentage in the contaminated dried persimmons and identified as a major causative microorganism. Light violet and creamy yeasts were the second largest contaminated microorganisms. Green mold K2-1 strain was identified as Penicillium sp. and fungus K-1 and K-3 were identified as Caldosporium sp. and Aspergillus sp.

With the rapid growth of fresh-cut produce market, the South Korean fresh-cut industry is facing the challenge of ensuring food safety. As the estimation of the microbial numbers in fresh-cut produce processing lines (tools, and equipment) using the conventional microbiological techniques takes days, so there is a need for faster and easier monitoring methods. This study was conducted to investigate the use of ATP bioluminescence assay to measure the degree of microbial contamination from three actual fresh-cut processing lines. The samples collected from frech-cut vegetables, and fresh-cut fruits processing plants were tested for the estimation of the bacterial number, using the ATP bioluminescence and microbiological methods. The result of former was transferred to log RLU/100 cm2, and that of the latter was transferred to log CFU/100 cm2. A positive linear correlation between the ATP bioluminescence assay value and aerobic-plate count was found for fresh-cut processing lines, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8772 (n=50). The results of this study indicate that ATP bioluminescence assay can be used to monitor microbial contamination in fresh-cut produce processing plants, and can help improve the hygiene therein.

파프리카(Capsicum annuum var. angulosum)는 우리나라의 대표적인 수출농산물로서 지속적인 수출확대를 위해서는 안전성 확보가 중요하다. 지금까지 수출과채류의 생물학적 위해요소에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어 지지 않았다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 수출 농산물인 파프리카를 대상으로 미생물오염실태를 모니터링하고, 보관온도에 따른 세균오염도 변화를 분석하였다. 파프리카의 평균 총호 기성균 수는 log CFU/g이었으며, 대장균군은

Microbial contamination levels in a fresh-cut leafy vegetable processing plant were evaluated. Total plate counts of samples collected from the walls, equipment, and raw materials ranged from CFU/100 , CFU/100 , and CFU/g, respectively. No coliforms were detected on walls; however, equipment and raw materials contained coliforms in concentrations ranging from ND (not detected)to CFU/100 and CFU/g, respectively. Additionally, total plate counts for falling and floating bacteria in the processing plant were CFU/plate and , respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, or Listeria monocytogenes were not detected on walls, equipment, or raw materials. Overall, the results of this study indicate that hygiene control in the fresh-cut processing plant should be improved.

We evaluated the microbiological quality of a facility in which freshly cut onions were prepared. The total plate counts on walls, equipment, and raw materials were ND (not detected) to CFU/100 , CFU/100 , and CFU/g, respectively. No coliforms were detected on walls however, coliforms were detected at concentrations of ND to CFU/100 and CFU/g on equipment and raw materials, respectively. The total plate counts for falling and floating bacteria in the processing plant were ND to CFU/plate and , respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected on walls, equipment, or raw materials. Overall, the results of the study indicate that hygiene control at the fresh-cut processing plant should be improved.

본 연구에서는 새싹종자 소독처리 여부에 따른 재배기간별 미생물 오염도 수준을 파악하고, 종자소독이 발아율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 수입산 새싹종자 알팔파(alfalfa), 브로콜리(broccoli), 클로버(clover), 적양배추(red cabbage), 적무(red radish) 5종에 대하여 소독제 처리 여부에 따른 발아율과 재배기간별 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 소독제 종류에 관계없이 새싹종자(알팔파, 클로버, 적무)는 48시간 후 90

수산 가공 부산물인 자숙액을 식품 및 공중보건 소재로 이용하기 위해 자숙액의 위생화를 위한 감마선 조사기술의 이용가능성을 검토하였다. 톳, 참치 및 굴 자숙액을 시료로 하여 1-5 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 미생물 생존율을 측정하였고 생존미생물을 동정하였다. 굴 자숙액에서는 호기성 미생물이 검출되지 않았으나, 톳 및 참치 자숙액에서는 약 6.4 및 3.1 log CFU/g의 호기성 미생물이 검출되었고, 저장기간이 증가함에 따른 미생물 수에는 유의

돔배기 육, 연골 및 껍질의 저장 중 총균, 대장균 및 병원성미생물의 생육에 미치는 chitosan-ascorbate(CA)(0.01%) 및 모려(10 ppm)의 처리효과를 조사하였다. 에서 6일간 저장한 결과 대조구의 경우 총균수는 육, 연골 및 껍질에서는 각각 4.24, 3.81, 2.20 log cycle이 증가하였으나 CA처리구는 육에서는 2.66 log cycle이, 연골에서는 2.37 log cycle이, 껍질에서는 1.24 log c

참가자미의 저장 중 오염미생물(total aerobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli)의 생육에 미치는 0.1% chitosan-ascorbate (CA) 의 영향을 조사하였다. 참가자미는 아가미를 제거한것(OG)과 제거하지 않은 것(WG), 건조도를 0%(0 D), 20% 건조(20 D), 40% 건조(40 D)로 구분하였으며 처리 후 진공 포장하여 에서 10일간 저장하였다. 저장중 총호기성 균수(log CFU/