An AVL research engine, type 520, is modified to adapt to the 3.5L four-valve SI engine. With these given engine configurations, a test rig is constructed which allows easy changing of the different pistons and engine heads with a motoring capacity up to 3500 rpm. Nearly complete optical access to the inside of the cylinder is obtained by installing a transparent quartz cylinder on an AVL single cylinder engine. To avoid lubrication and to minimize scratches in the quartz cylinder the piston rings are made of Rulon-LD. With this experimental engine, researches for the in-cylinder flow characteristics by changing the induction system have been carried out using the laser based flow diagnostic techniques. In accordance with the previous result, it is evident that larger sized particles would be required in order to observe the flow characteristics of interest. The flow visualization taken with microballoon particles shows significant improvement. This provide detailed information.

As human's average lifespan is gradually increased, the interest in the quality of life and health is also increasing. More and more customers like to use the facial manual technique as a way to live a healthy life, instead of using it as measures to simply improve skin troubles or to have beautiful skin. The facial manual technique performed in the skin care stage is closely related to the decrease of stress. In order to verify the effects of facial manual technique on the decrease of stress, an experiment was conducted in the same method by dividing 16 women residing in Seoul into four groups, from September 1st to September 30th 2016. To understand their general characteristics, perceptual stress, and satisfaction with facial manual technique through questionnaire, the frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed by using SPSS 22.0 program. The paired t-test was conducted to see changes in stress, LF, HF, LF/HF, average pulse, pulse standard, and average deviation before/after experiment. The stress index was decreased in every group. Especially, the group of the 20s showed a huge decrease(24.3%), which was significant to every group except for the 50s. In the results of LF, the group of the 20s and of the 30s increased 2.8% and 4.6% respectively, which was significant. In the group of the 40s, it was increased 4.0% while it was decreased 1.2% in the 50s. Rather than women in climacteric age, it was more effective for women in younger age. In results of pulse standard, it was increased 36.5% in the 20s, 63.6% in the 40s respectively, which was significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). In the group of the 30s and 50s, the significant values were not shown although it was still increased 48.3% and 65.1% respectively. In the survey of the facial manual technique, the whole participants showed positive responses to its effects on the decrease of stress. A majority of them took easy to control feelings, and it was highly possible for them to use it perio-dically in the future. It suggested that the effects of facial manual technique could play a role on recovering psychological stability and decrease of stress. It could be considered as a safe and effective healthcare method to improve the quality of human's life.

본 연구는 서양종꿀벌 여왕벌을 택배나 차량 등으로 이동 시킬 때, 여왕벌의 폐사, 훼손 등을 줄이고 농가의 벌통에 잘 유입하여 여왕벌이 정상적으로 산란할 수 있는 최적의 방법을 찾고자, 2013년 5월 25일부터 8월 2일까지 경북 예천군 소재 2개 양봉농가에서 여왕벌 60마리를 대상으로 총 3회에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 여왕벌 이동기구는 양봉농가 및 국외 연구소에서 주로 사용하고 있는 소형왕롱과 소형벌통 2종류를 대상으로 시험 하였다. 시험 결과, 1~2일 정도의 짧은 기간에는 이동왕롱의 종류에 따라 여왕벌의 생존율 및 산란일에서 차이가 없었다. 유입 성공율을 보면, 소형왕롱으로 이동시킨 여왕벌은 30% 정도의 유입에 실패 하였으나, 소형벌통은 유입실패율이 10% 이하로 나타났다. 산란능력 검사를 위한 봉개된 육아방수 조사에서는, 소형벌통을 이용한 여왕벌 유입군이 소형왕롱을 이용한 여왕벌 유입군 보다 봉개된 육아방수가 4~75%까지 많게 나타났다. 한편 소형벌통은 소비 1매를 그대로 무왕군에 합봉하여 모두 여왕벌 유입이 잘 되었으나, 소형왕롱을 이용한 여왕벌의 직접 소문유입의 경우 여왕벌이 일벌의 공격을 여러 마리가 죽었다. 따라서 소형왕롱을 저밀소비에 하루 정도 부착하여 두어다가 여왕벌을 풀어주는 간접유입이 더 효과적이며, 유밀기, 봉충소비의 발췌, 먹이의 풍부, 무왕군의 벌세력 등이 유입 성공율에 영향을 미쳤다.

The up-to-date business environment for Korean manufacturers is very complex and rapidly changing. Especially, the companies have faced with various changes derived from small quantity batch production, diversification of customer demands, and short life cycles of products. Consequently, the Korean manufacturing companies are in need of more efficient production planning and scheduling techniques. In this paper, the research trend of scheduling techniques is investigated to provide relevant information to researchers in this field. Furthermore, some implications for future researches are presented regarding literatures published in Korea over the last 10 years. This paper presents an entire investigation into Korean research works on scheduling (2,569 papers) that are published from 2007 to 2016. Especially, detailed analysis was carried out in the following three industry : 1) semiconductor, 2) shipbuilding and 3) automobile. In this paper, approaches to scheduling presented in the literature are categorized into the following three categories : 1) application, 2) algorithm, and 3) simulation modeling. First, in the semiconductor industry, scheduling techniques related to semiconductor cleaning processes, photolithography processes, chemical processes, transport and transport equipment have been found to be dominant. Second, the shipbuilding industry is focused on assembly processes, transporter, crane and various existing production management system. On the other hand, the scheduling research of the automobile industry is mainly focused on the vehicle movement routing and procurement supply-chain planning algorithm in terms of logistics. The conclusion of this study are expected to provide many implications for various types of academic and practical follow-up studies related to scheduling in consideration of main characteristics of semiconductor, shipbuilding and automobile industries.

Although physiological and ecological characteristics of cyanobacteria have been studied extensively for decades, unknown areas still remain greater than the already known. Recently, the development of omics techniques based on molecular biology has made it possible to view the ecosystem from a new and holistic perspective. The molecular mechanism of toxin production is being widely investigated, by comparative genomics and the transcriptomic studies. Biological interaction between bacteria and cyanobacteria is also explored: how their interactions and genetic biodiversity change depending on seasons and environmental factors, and how these interactions finally affect each component of ecosystem. Bioinformatics techniques have combined with ecoinformatics and omics data, enabling us to understand the underlying complex mechanisms of ecosystems. Particularly omics started to provide a whole picture of biological responses, occurring from all layers of hierarchical processes from DNA to metabolites. The expectation is growing further that algal blooms could be controlled more effectively in the near future. And an important insight for the successful bloom control would come from a novel blueprint drawn by omics studies.

기후변화에 따른 자연재해의 증가하고 있다. 이에 자연재해에 의한 토목구조물의 피해 및 붕괴를 예방하기 위하여 처짐 및 균열을 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 이에 효과적인 구조물 관리를 위해 광학 이미지 기술이 유지관리 기술에 적용되고 있 다. 하지만 광학이미지 기술은 촬영에 따른 주변 조건의 영향이 크며, 그 때문에 촬영조건에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서 촬영조건으로 자연광, 촬영매수, 촬영거리를 따른 수직변위 추정값의 정확도에 대해 검증하였다. 실험을 통 해 확인한 결과 자연광이 수직변위를 추정하는데 자연광이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 촬영거리 또한 수직변위를 검토하는데 주요한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과를 통해서 외부환경에서 촬영하는데 활용하여 변위 추정 시 발생하는 오차를 최소화할 수 있으며, 이러한 과정을 통해 구조물 유지관리에 적용할 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 DJ 섀도의 샘플링 음악 특징을 잘 나타내는 『Endtroducing.....』앨범에서 ‘Midnight in a Perfect World’곡을 선정해 그의 샘플링 음악 특징을 분석했다. DJ 섀도 는 미국에서 활동하는 디제이 겸 프로듀서로 그는 샘플링 음악을 활용한 다양한 음악을 만들 어 오늘날 많은 아티스트들에게 영향을 미쳤다. 루프샘플링 기법(Loop sampling)과 마이크로 샘플링 기법(Micro sampling), 화성적 요소, 앰비언트 사운드(Ambient Sound)를 사용한 자 연스러운 음향기법, 비화성적 요소로 사용된 샘플링 기법 등 다양한 샘플링 기법을 분류하고 분석했다. 'Midnight in a Perfect World’에서 샘플링으로만 음악을 만들다 보니 전체적 인 조화가 자연스럽지 못했던 부분의 해결은 공간감이 풍부한 앰비언트 사운드를 활용했다. 또한 샘플링을 하고자 하는 부분과 다른 샘플 소스와의 분위기의 통일성, 템포가 너무 어긋나 지는 않는지, 개별 샘플소스가 너무 튀지는 않는지 등의 여러 가지 점들을 고려하였다.

Seafood is attracting attention as a future food industry. In recent years, the demand for fishery equipment of mechanization, automation, and unmanned was increased due to the environment affected by seafood processing, stricter regulations on safety, decline and aging of fishery worker. Ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) was being produced in many steps in the production process. The process has been made such as collection–landing–washing–first sort (goods/non-goods)–transports– second sort (size). It was undergone first and second steps by delivering to the consumer. Here, the first step is to sort goods to collection and the second step is to sort by size. The fishery workers need ten people in first step and six people in second step. The workload of one hour per kg is 4,247 kg/h in first step and 2,213 kg/h in second step. In addition, the goods ratio by work process was 79% in first step and 98% in the second step. In this process, a lot of fishery worker and working time is needed. Therefore, this study developed elemental techniques for an automated size sorting system considering the working process problem, time and situation for washing and sorting of ark shell.

에이펙스 트윈은 컴퓨터 기반의 전자음악 아티스트로, 각각 특성이 다양한 앨범을 발표하는 동안 샘플을 이용하여 원본과 다른 느낌의 음향효과를 표현하려는 실험적인 시도가 두드러졌다. 본 연구에서는 ‘Windowlicker’ 및 ‘AFX237 V7’에서 나타난 샘플의 여러 기법들을 이용한 표 현 기법 및 음향효과를 분석하고 자작곡에서 적용하였다. 더 나아가 웨이브테이블 신세시스와 노이즈 LFO를 이용한 비주기적 비브라토 및 트레몰로를 표현하여 샘플을 이용해 표현할 수 있는 실험적 기법을 제시했다. 이 연구를 통해 샘플은 그 종류 및 기법에 따라 다양한 효과로 변화할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 표현 방법의 범위 또한 넓어질 수 있음을 확인했다.

거친 목소리는 대중음악에서 보컬리스트들에게 희소성 있는 개성의 요소가 된다. 거친 목소리 는 인위적인 방법을 통해 만들어 낼 수 있으며, 이러한 기법을 선택적으로 사용하여 더욱 차별화 된 표현을 할 수 있다. 인위적 거친 목소리의 선택적인 사용은 커트 코베인의 보컬 표현 기법 중 하나로, 음색적인 측면의 표현 영역을 확장한다. 그의 표현 기법은 특정 단어 및 급격한 음의 도 약에서 사용되는 2도 상행 벤딩과 함께 사용되기도 하며, 이는 곡의 분위기를 목소리로 이끌어 갈 수 있게 한다. 목소리를 기법의 측면으로 접근하여 새로운 효과를 만들어 낸다는 점에서 그의 표현 기법은 충분히 연구할 만한 가치가 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 코베인을 중심으로 선택적 음색 표현 기법 사용에 의한 효과를 분석하고, 이를 통하여 표현 영역의 확장 방법을 제시하는 것이다.

Fermented food consists of a variety of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are also used in the industry as starter cultures. This genus comprises of different species that find importance as a preservatives in food like meat and sausages. Likewise, Lactobacillus brevis has been recognized as GRAS and is a potential probiotic strain extensively being used on an industrial scale. Since such bacteria are directly related to human health, there has been a need to identify and characterize them on the molecular level. In this study, LAB was identified and characterized from various fermented food samples available in South Korea. Two types to PCR-based molecular typing methods were used to analyze the 13 Lactobacillus brevis isolates, of which one was based on difference in the banding patterns originated on agarose gel and the other was related to the sequence analyses of various housekeeping genes in the particular strain. The former rep-PCR technique used three primers namely, REP, ERIC and (GTG)5 that amplified repetitive sequences in the genome and provided characteristic fingerprint profile for each isolate. This clustered the strains in 3 groups with the help of UPGMA method of clustering distinguishing between closely related strains. However, the latter multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) technique provided definite identification of the strains. A set of 7 housekeeping genes were determined as groEL, gyrB, rpoA, rpoB, pheS, recA and dnaK. These genes were amplified and sequenced and were subjected to comparative analysis. Discrete allelic profiles and 13 sequence types (STs) were resolved and minimum spanning tree (MST) was constructed, revealing the genetic relatedness among the isolates. On comparing the results from both the techniques, MLST proved to generate accurate and precise fingerprints owing to the sequence analysis of conserved genes thus providing a scope for research in the monitoring related species.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Food in Korea has done an R&D project to develop new corn and soybean varieties and cultivation technologies with Seoul National University and on-site company for three years in Russia, where Korean government has done the overseas’ agriculture for more than a decade. The objective of this study is to analyze the investment value of three years’ funding. For this, a Cost-Benefit and Scenario analysis approaches were used. The results revealed that 1) For the case of soybean, cost seems to outweigh benefits under a pessimistic scenario, but otherwise in case of neutral and optimistic scenarios. 2) The result of corn shows high economic efficiency for all scenarios. 3) The most important implication of this study is that Korea’s oversea agriculture R&D projects need to expand to different countries, regions, and crops.

Per capita nail-products use and airborne VOCs emission in four techniques of nail care (full coat coloring, UVgel polish, repair silk, and acrylic overlay) are estimated in this study. These assessments were carried out in a sealed test chamber using artificial hand and nails. A polish remover and a gel cleanser as cleanser and acrylic liquid as solvent were the most commonly used nail products in all 4 of the nail care techniques. Acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and methanol, which are major components of a polish remover, were commonly detected in all nail care techniques while acetone was detected the most. In addition to these airborne VOCs, a variety of other components such as ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, and toluene were identified in full coat coloring technique. In the process of UV-gel polish care technique, the main airborne VOCs were caused by solvents and were not involved in the curing process of UV gels (base gel and top gel) and gel bonder. In the case of repair silk nail care techniques, which generated the most VOCs, the total amount of VOCs detected was about 1,118.8 ± 359.6 mg/capita. Of the VOCs, butane (862.2 ± 283.9 mg/capita), which is contained in glue dryer, represented the largest share. In the process of acrylic overlay nail care technique, ethyl methacrylate (EMA), which is the basic element of acrylic, and highly toxic methyl methacrylate (MMA) were detected at 396.6 ± 42.3 mg/capita and 141.8 ± 8.2 mg/capita, respectively. The per capita data is very useful in designing a ventilation system for environmental improvement of a nail shop and setting a health care policy for nail artists and customers.

Research and development activities have been actively conducted at universities, research institutions and research laboratories which belong to corporations. Because of blooming research and development activities in various fields, safety accidents in the laboratories happen consistently. The government office established Act on the establishment of safe laboratory environment to decrease safety accident rates and make environment of laboratories better, and it is effective slowly. However, in the case of laboratory safety management of the laboratory where various research and development activities are carried out. So it is difficult to closely monitor them. Even though safety inspections and periodic inspections is regularly conducted, these are focused on facilities and environment. According to a study of Dea-deok science town safety council, accidents in laboratories of 73% have arisen out of careless actions. Therefore, it is important for researchers to know to potential harmful factors in research. there is necessary to make a system to prevent laboratory accidents. The purpose of this study is that the researchers discovered potential hazard factors in laboratories. For that, foreign laboratory safety management systems has applied to domestic laboratories. Four laboratories in targeted institution has been selected to apply the appropriate personal protection equipments, job safety assessment and standard operating procedures. And I found the limitations of the process according to the excavations harmful factors in the research process. To overcome these limitations, Suggest a laboratory safety management system. This study discovered current laboratory safety system limitations and provides alternatives so that effective safety management can be achieved