본 연구는 학령기 비만아동의 생활습관, 식이자기효능감 및 운동자기효능감의 관계와 생활습관에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 G광역시에 소재하는 3개 초등학교의 비만아동 85명이었고 2019년 7월 20일부터 8월 2일까지 자료를 수집하였으며, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 27.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis로 분석하였다. 대상자의 생활습관에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위하여 다중회귀분석한 결과, 식이자기효능감(β=.406, p=.001)이 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났고, 운동자기효능감(β=.245, p=.038)이 그 다음 순서로 나타났다. 또한 추정된 회귀모형의 적합도에 대한 F통계량은 6.34(p<.001)로 유의하였고, 설명력은 24.2%였다. 따라서 비만아동의 생활습관을 향상시키기 위해서는 식이자기효능감과 운동자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 하며, 본 연구는 비만아동 생활습관 향상을 위한 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 초등학교 비만아동을 위한 통합비만관리프로그램을 개발․적용하여 비만지수, 생활습관 및 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 비동등성 대조군 사전․사후설계이다. 연구대상자는 초등학교 4～6학년 아동으로 실험군 30명과 대조군 28이었다. 통합비만관리프로그램은 교육프로그램 주 1회, 운동프로그램 주 3회로 구성하여 8주간 실시되었다. 수집된 자료는 chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA를 사용해 분석하였다. 연구결과 실험군에서 체질량지수는 25.83kg/m2에서 24.82kg/m2로 감소하였고(p<.05), 체지방률은 대조군에 비해 감소하였으며(p<.05), 비만도도 개선되었다 (p<.01). 그러나 근육량은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 중재 후 생활습관(p<.05)), 식이 자기효능감(p<.001), 운동 자기효능감(p<.05)은 향상되었다. 이를 통해 본 연구의 통합비만관리프로그램은 초등학교 비만아동들의 비만도와 비만을 감소시키는 생활습관 개선 및 자기효능감 증진에 효과적인 간호 중재임이 확인되었다.

본 연구는 비만아동의 골격성숙도가 정상 아동들 보다 높고 성조숙증으로 이어질 확률이 높은 것을 문제점으로 삼아 비만아동의 골격성숙도에 따른 체격 및 체력의 관계를 규명함으로써 비만아동의 건 강증진에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 10세부터 13세의 비만아동 총 243명을 대상으로 생 물학적 성숙지표를 나타내는 골격성숙도는 X-ray 촬영 후 TW3 방법을 이용하여 평가하였고, 골격성숙도 에 따른 미숙집단(n=70), 보통집단(n=128), 조숙집단(n=45)으로 나누었다. 체격은 신장계, InBody 270(Biospace, Korea)을 이용하여 3개 항목을 측정하였다. 체력측정은 총 7개 항목으로 근력, 근지구력, 유 연성, 순발력, 심폐지구력, 평형성, 민첩성을 측정하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 25.0을 사용하여 기술통계, 일원 변량분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였고, 사후검정은 Duncan's multiple range 방법을 이용하였으며, P< .05 수 준에서 유의한 것으로 간주하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골격성숙도에 따른 신장과 체중의 체격 요인에서 남자와 여자 미숙집단, 보통집단, 조숙집단 간 통계적으로 매우 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 골격성숙도에 따른 체력 비교에서 남자의 경우 근력, 순발력, 민첩성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 여자 의 경우 근력, 평형성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 초등학교 아동과 부모를 대상으로 학령기 아동의 비만에 영향을 미치는 부모관련 요인을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 4～6학년 학생 408명과 부모로 아동과 부모의 비만정도, 비만 관련 특성, 식습관, 운동습관을 조사하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 χ2-test, t-test, ANOVA 및 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 아동의 비만에 영향을 미치는 변수는 아버지 체질량지수 OR=1.265(95% CI: 1.133-1.412, p< .001), 어머니의 체질량지수 OR=1.214(95% CI: 1.077-1.368, p= .001), 아동의 식습관 OR=0.953(95% CI: .909- .998, p= .042), TV 시청시간 OR=1.385(95% CI: 1.113-1.725, p= .004), 경제상태 OR=0.132(95% CI: .026- .676, p= .015)로 나타났다. 아동의 비만은 부모의 유전적 요인, 식습관 및 생활 환경적인 요인이 복합적으로 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그러므로 아동의 비만관리를 위해서는 아동은 물론 가족의 동기부여와 프로그램의 적극적인 참여유도가 중요하다고 볼 수 있다.

본 연구는 학령기 비만아동을 위한 지역사회 참여형 비만관리 프로그램을 개발하여 비만지수와 운동습관, 식습관, 생활습관에 미치는 영향을 검정한 비동등성 대조군 사전․사후설계이다. 연구대상자는 초등학교 4학년 학생 중 체질량지수가 2007년 소아 및 청소년 표준 성장 도표를 이용하여 85백분위수 이상 인 아동으로 실험군 24명과 대조군 27명이었다. 비만관리 프로그램은 실내활동과 실외활동으로 이루어졌으며, 10주간 진행되었다. 실외활동은 줄넘기와 걷기운동을 매주 2회, 전래놀이를 매주 1회 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA를 사용하였다. 연구결과 실험군에서 체질량지수는 23.64kg/m2에서 22.96kg/m2로 감소하였고 (p<.001) 복부지방률은 0.889에서 0.887로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.036). 그러나 체지방률은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 중재 후 운동습관(p=.004), 식습관(p=.003), 생활습관(p=.001)은 모두 향상되었다. 이러한 결과 를 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 지역사회 참여형 비만관리 프로그램은 학령기 비만아동들의 비만지수와 비만을 감소시키는 생활습관의 개선에 효과적인 간호 중재임이 확인되었다.

The purpose of this study was to develop slacks patterns for obese-schoolgirls aged 10~12 by using a 3D virtual garment simulation system. The criteria for subjects in this study were girls who had a BMI of over 25kg/m2. A total of 155 schoolgirls who met these criteria were enrolled. The results were as follows: First, by using 3D virtual garment simulation, a new slacks pattern considerate of obese-schoolgirls was developed. The basic numerical formulae were as follows: Front and back hip girth of H/4－0.5+1 and H/4+0.5+1.5, front waist girth of W/4+1+0.5, back waist girth of W/4+2+0.5, front crotch extension of H/16－0.5, back crotch extension of H/8－0.5, front dart amount of 1, and back dart amount of 2. Second, according to the new slacks pattern appearance evaluation, the new slacks pattern scored more highly than the existing pattern for silhouette and ease amount, confirming that the new slacks pattern is appropriate for obese-schoolgirls. Additionally, the new slacks pattern was evaluated allowing for the proper space length of the waist, abdomen and hips. This study is expected to serve as important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize a 3D virtual garment simulation system with 2D patterns and for future 3D pattern production program development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate improvement of food habits and eating behavior in children with obesity andprecocious puberty by nutritional education monitoring. The results are as follows. Average height and weight of subjectsexceeded Korean height and weight standards for children as outlined by The Korea Pediatric Society. Using nutritioneducation monitoring, meals became more regular, overeating significantly decreased, and eating speed decreased. Further,frequencies of eating-out and night-eating significantly decreased. The most preferred menu item when eating-out wasKorean food, and the most preferred menu item for night-eating was fruits, fast food, & processed food. Meat & fish andvegetable intakes all significantly increased. Fruit and milk intakes also significantly increased while bread, snack, and icecream intakes decreased. Further, fast food & instant food intakes decreased. However, water intake was not significantlyaffected. The favorite food of children was meat & fish, followed by fast food & processed food. This study may provideinformation on dietary behavior of children with obesity and precocious puberty and suggests that nutrition education orcounseling can improve food habits and eating behavior.

To elucidate the effects of an obesity control program on body composition and serum lipid levels, 31 obese elementary students (male: 25, female: 6) residing in the Gyeonggi area were evaluated and their body composition, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG (triglyceride) were analyzed. The average age, height, weight and BMI (body mass index) were 11.52±1.00 yrs, 151.96±8.04 cm, 68.21±9.03 kg and 29.40±1.79 kg/m2 for the males, respectively, and 11.17±1.17 yrs, 147.83±5.15 cm, 65.05±10.86 kg and 29.62±3.24 kg/m2 for the females, respectively. There was a significant decrease in BMI for males (p〈0.001) and females (p〈0.05). There were also significant changes in all of the biochemical levels evaluated before and after the study. Specifically, the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG level decreased after the obesity control program, while the HDL-cholesterol level increased after the program. These results indicate that obesity control programs do change the BMI, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG levels in obese elementary students. Thus, obesity control programs are urgently needed to prevent degenerative disease and decrease obesity among children in elementary school.

This study was conducted to investigate the change in the anthropometric values, biochemical index, nutritional knowledge, food habits and nutrient intakes in obese children after a weight control program. The subjects of the study were 22 obese children with an obesity index over 120%. The children that participated in this study took nutritional education for weight control along with exercise once a week. The weight control program was conducted for 10 weeks. The BMI, WHR (Waist-Hip ratio), body fat (%) significantly decreased at the end of the weight control program. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were also significantly decreased. The nutritional knowledge scores and knowledge score about obesity were slightly improved. Energy intake significantly decreased from 1768 to 1421 kcal. Intake of Ca, Na, K, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C and folate increased, while intakes of P, Zn, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E and niacin decreased. The distribution of energy intake was significantly changed for the better. The percent fat consumed decreased from 26.5 to 19.7%. In addition, the distribution of energy intake in the meals was changed, where the percent calories consumed during lunch significantly increased from 31.4 to 40.1% and the calorie percentage consumed from snacks significantly decreased from 17.6 to 10.7%. In conclusion, the nutritional education in the weight control program, which was conducted for 10 weeks, was effective in improving the anthropometric values, biochemical index and nutrient intake although nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors only changed slightly. Thus, nutritional weight control programs for obese children should be continuously provided under the proper cooperation of a nutritional teacher at elementary schools.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eating habits and control of overeating of obese children on the body weight control program. The program included nutritional education, psychotherapy and physical exercise on weekly session for 9 months. The results of this study were as follows. Participants of the study involved 30 obese children attending elementary school. The average age of the children was 11.78 years, mean height and weight were 146.22cm and 50.61kg. The average BMI and body fat contents were 24.06 and 30.49% respectively and WHR of the children was 0.87. There was a significant difference between boys and girls' BMI(25.18, 23.31, p<0.01). As a result of the eating habits test, 50% of the subjects showed low level of regularity of diet, and 76.7% of the subjects showed high level of balanced diet score. Large portion(83.3%) of the subjects had high level of healthy behavior score. WHR of girls significantly decreased from 0.86 to 0.82(p<0.01) after the body weight control program. There were no significant differences in serum components of the obese children after the program. When regarding the score of eating habits in relation to obesity indices, the WHR significantly decreased(p<0.05) in a group of children with high eating habits score. Also in the group of overeating controls, significantly decreased WHR(p<0.05). In the results of correlation analysis, body weight was positively correlated with BMI(r=0.624), the level of total cholesterol(r=0.5109) and HDL cholesterol(r=0.5088). The score of healthy behavior was positively correlated with height(r=0.5286) and negatively correlated with the level of LDL cholesterol(r=0.3555) and WHR(r=0.4028) These results suggest that the body weight control program must be considerate of the different groups of children with different scores in the eating habits and overeating controls test.

평균 연령 10.8세인 비만 아동 17명을 대상으로 12주간 영양교육을 중심으로 한 체중조절 프로그램을 실시한 결과 비만도와 BMI에서는 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았으나 허리둘레 및 엉덩이 둘레가 유의적으로 감소하였고, HDL-콜레스테롤이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 지방 조직 분비 호르몬-resistin, adiponectin, leptin의 수준은 체중조절 프로그램 실시전과 후에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Resistin과 leptin의 변화량은 BMI 변화량과 양의 관계를, adiponect의 변화량은 음의 관계를 나타내 체위와의 상관성을 보여주었으나 본 연구만으로 이들 호르몬들과 체위변화와의 상관성을 규명하기에는 부족했다. 또한 체중조절 프로그램 후 열량 외에 무기질과 비타민 등 대부분의 영양소 섭취가 감소하여 체중조절 프로그램을 진행할 때 열량섭취는 줄이면서 미량 영양소의 섭취는 유지할 수 있게 올바른 식품을 선택할 수 있도록 하는 교육이 강화되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 비교적 단기간의 체중조절프로그램의 효과를 살펴본 것으로서, 본 연구결과를 토대로 앞으로 영양교육의 내용을 수정하고, 체조성 변화에 대한 연구를 강화하며 좀 더 장기적인 체중조절 프로그램을 수행한다면 아동 비만 치료에 더 좋은 효과를 낼 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. 또한 비만과 체지방분비호르몬의 상관성에 대한 후속연구도 필요한 것으로 본다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of food habits and anxiety level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children(boys 44.4%, girls 55.6%) participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, average height and weight were 141.7cm and 48.1kg respectively. Rohrer index(RI) of children was significantly decreased from 167 to 163(p〈0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased from 24.5 to 23.9 (p〈0.01) after body weight control program. This study also found obesity index(OI) was significantly decreased from 133% to 128%(p〈0.01) of 18 children after program. There was not significant difference in food habits score but frequency of overeating, and eating frequency of meats were significantly decreased(p〈0.05) after body weight control program. Also depression score significantly decreased after body weight control program(p〈0.001) and there was significant negative correlation(r=-0.552) between food habits and anxiety level. The factors analysis of anxiety items indicated that children had feelings more calm and sate after program(p〈0.05). Therefore continuous and practical nutritional education and psychotherapy to change food habits and anxiety level are necessary to decrease child obesity. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective physiological and psychological body health of obese children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of obesity and depression level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, 70% of children had regular exercise. Average exercise time was 1.2 hours and watching television time was 1.8 hours. Children's serum composition were within normal ranges. Rohrer index(RI) was significantly decreased to 163 from 167(p<0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased to 23.9 from 24.5(p<0.01) after body weight control program. There was not significant difference in depression score after body weight control program and there was not significant correlation between obesity and depression level. The response tendency of depression items indicated obese children had negative depression feelings and couldn't have hopeful mind to the future. But there were significant increase(p<0.05) in depression and hopeful mind in factor analysis. The suggestion and limitations of this study were discussed. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective for helping obese children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parent's nutritional education for body weight control of obese children. The weight control program include nutritional education, exercise and behavioral therapy during 20 weeks. Twenty- three children completed this program, the children were divided into two groups by control group and parent's nutritional education group. Parents volunteered to participate in a 4 week nutritional education program for parents and contact the therapist at least once per week to help their obese children. The results from this study were as follows. There were not significant differences in anthropometric values after weight control program between two groups. Triglyceride(TG) level in serum was decreased after weight control program in group of parent's nutritional education, but there was not significant difference. Parent's nutritional education did not add improvements in weight and fitness, but the children of parent's nutritional education group showed increased general self-worth upon completing the program(p<0.05) whereas the other children of control group did not. Also there were desirable changes of exercise and life habits in group of parent's nutritional education group.

This study was designed to investigate nutrition intakes and its relation to the obesity and the prevalence of anemia in 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged 2~6 years. The hematological parameters, daily nutrient intakes and height and weight were measured. Calorie intakes of 2 and 3year-old-children were over their RDA while those of 4-6 years were below the RDA. Intakes of protein, P, and vit B complex were far over the RDA in all ages of children. Fe and vit A intakes were insufficient in all ages except 3 years while Ca intakes were insufficient in all ages except 2 and 3 years. About 18.2% of the children were evaluated as obese. However, very few children were anemic by hematologic parameters. The mean Hb concentrations were 12.2mg/dl in boys and also in girls. The mean Hct was 36.2% in boys, 35.8% in girls. Serum Fe concentration was 100.1mg/dl in boys, 101.1mg/dl in girls. RBC count was significantly higher in boys while MCH was significantly higher in girls. Intakes of protein, P, Fe, vit B1, niacin, vit C were significantly higher in obese group compared to under weight group. There were significant positive correlations between protein intake and Hb, Hct, MCH, and MCHC. The correlation between Fe intake and Hb or Hct was not significant. In conclusion, it seems that the nutritional status of the most children was in very good condition. However, they needed to take more foods supplying Fe, Ca, and vit A.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of body weight control program for obese children. The program included nutrition education, exercise and behavioral therapy for 20 weekly sessions. The results from this study were as follows. The average age of the subjects was 11.3 years, mean height and weight were 146.12cm and 59.42kg respectively. After weight control preogram, Rohrer index(Rl) was significantly decreased from 186.78 to 182.72(p<0.001). There were not significant differences in body fat percent(%) and fat weight(kg) but it showed decreased pattern. In the change of body circumferences, chest circumference was significantly increased(p<0.01) and mid-arm circumference was significantly decreased(p<0.001) after weight control program. Triglyceride(TG) level in serum was significantly decreased from 113.79 to 80.36(p<0.01) and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level showed declind pattern. The food habits of obese children significantly improved(p<0.001) after weight control prgram. And there were desirable changes of food attitude, excercise and life habits. These results suggest that weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and behavioral therapy may be effective for helping obese children.