고령운전자의 인지 및 신체 기능 저하로 인한 교통사고 증가는 점점 심각한 사회적 문제가 되고 있으며, 이 로 인해 면허증을 자진하여 반납하는 제도가 운영되고 있으나 보다 객관적인 평가 방법이 필요하다. 본 연 구에서는 다양한 주행 상황에서 발생하는 정적 및 동적 시각 자극에 대하여 운전자의 시각적 행동을 평가 할 수 있는 운전 시뮬레이션 주행 환경과 시나리오를 구현하는 것이 목표이다. 이를 위해 고령운전자의 주 행 특성 분석에 활용된 운전 시뮬레이션 시나리오를 기존의 연구 문헌들로부터 수집하였고, 정적 및 동적으 로 구분된 표적 자극에 따른 텍스트 네트워크 분석을 통해 주행환경과 시나리오를 재분류하였다. 또한, 유 사한 유형의 시나리오들은 보다 발생 빈도가 높고 표적 자극이 다양한 주행환경으로 병합하였다. 연구 결과 로 신호교차로, 비신호 교차로, 왕복 2차로, 왕복 4차로 주행환경에서의 전체 12종의 시나리오로 구성된 운 전 시뮬레이션 콘텐츠가 구현되었다. 신호등, 정차된 차량, 표지판 등으로 구성된 정적 시각 자극과 주행 중 인 차량, 무단 횡단하는 보행자 등의 동적인 시각 자극이 제시되며, 이에 대한 시선 탐색(Visual Detection), 시지각(Visual Perception), 시각운동기능(Visuomotor Function)의 정량적 측정을 통해 운전자의 시각 행동 평가가 이루어진다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 시나리오 구성 방법은 운전 시뮬레이션 콘텐츠를 구현하기 위한 새로운 접근 방식으로써 시각 자극에 따른 운전 능력 검사 환경 구축에 관한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a simulation module equipped with scenario-based core nursing skills and test the effects after applying the simulation education based on a developed scenario. Method: This was a nonequivalent control group pre-/posttest design study, and 114 nursing students participated from April 1 to August 30, 2018. The applied scenario-based core nursing skills simulation module was developed in the order of planning, development, application, and evaluation according to the Dick and Carye Model’s program development process. Knowledge, self-efficacy, stress, and nursing practice were measured before and after intervention in two groups: an experimental group that performed a simulation after applying the scenario-based core nursing skills, and a control group that performed a simulation after applying core nursing skills. Results: Knowledge (F=23.19, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=25.83, p<.001), and nursing practice (t=9.51 p<.001) increased in the group that performed a simulation after applying the scenario-based core nursing skills, whereas stress (F=40.41, p<.001) decreased. Conclusion: Various education methods should be applied to increase the education effect of the simulation, Simulation performance can be used as an alternative to improve nursing practice during simulation education.

The ROK Army must detect the enemy’s location and the type of artillery weapon to respond effectively at wartime. This paper proposes a radar positioning model by applying a scenario-based robust optimization method i.e., binary integer programming. The model consists of the different types of radar, its available quantity and specification. Input data is a combination of target, weapon types and enemy position in enemy’s attack scenarios. In this scenario, as the components increase by one unit, the total number increases exponentially, making it difficult to use all scenarios. Therefore, we use partial scenarios to see if they produce results similar to those of the total scenario, and then apply them to case studies. The goal of this model is to deploy an artillery locating radar that maximizes the detection probability at a given candidate site, based on the probability of all possible attack scenarios at an expected enemy artillery position. The results of various experiments including real case study show the appropriateness and practicality of our proposed model. In addition, the validity of the model is reviewed by comparing the case study results with the detection rate of the currently available radar deployment positions of Corps. We are looking forward to enhance Korea Artillery force combat capability through our research.

A methodology to assess seismic fragility of a nuclear power plant (NPP) using a conditional mean spectrum is proposed as an alternative to using a uniform hazard response spectrum. Rather than the single-scenario conditional mean spectrum, which is the conventional conditional mean spectrum based on a single scenario, a multi-scenario conditional mean spectrum is proposed for the case in which no single scenario is dominant. The multi-scenario conditional mean spectrum is defined as the weighted average of different conditional mean spectra, each one of which corresponds to an individual scenario. The weighting factors for scenarios are obtained from a deaggregation of seismic hazards. As a validation example, a seismic fragility assessment of an NPP containment structure is performed using a uniform hazard response spectrum and different single-scenario conditional mean spectra and multi-scenario conditional mean spectra. In the example, the number of scenarios primarily influences the median capacity of the evaluated structure. Meanwhile, the control frequency, a key parameter of a conditional mean spectrum, plays an important role in reducing logarithmic standard deviation of the corresponding fragility curves and corresponding high confidence of low probability of failure (HCLPF) capacity.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore Virtual Reality (VR) utilization strategies in scenario-based nursing simulation training. Method: This was an integrative review for the identification of scenario-based VR simulation training applied to nursing undergraduates. The existing literature was searched in electronic databases using RISS, PubMed, and Pro-Quest and the key words were “Scenario based,” “Simulation,” “Virtual reality,” “Virtual training,” and “Nursing.” Finally, five studies were analyzed. Results: All the studies were conducted from 2016 to 2019. One RCT, two quasi-experimental studies, and two mixed method studies were identified. The topics of the scenarios were all different; acute myocardial infarction, management of respiratory system disease with hypoxia, postoperative nursing with appendicitis, teamwork and communication in outpatient and emergency situations, and disaster situation training . The outcome variables that were significant statistically were performance, self-confidence, and learning satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings suggest that virtual simulation in nursing education can potentially improve knowledge, performance, and learning confidence and can increase satisfaction with learning experience among nursing undergraduates. Multidisciplinary cooperation and investment are needed to develop diverse content applying VR in nursing simulation education. The review of the side effects also needs to be performed.

Recently, most of the information system use environment is changing to GUI environment based on windows and web. Most of the development tools for building such a GUI-based information system support object-oriented and event-driven programming concepts. However, there is still a lack of a development methodology that systematically supports event-based information system construction. From a business perspective, an information system is one that supports business processes efficiently and effectively to improve business performance. These business processes are composed of business activities which involve a series of business events. A business event is executed according to a business scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp these events in the requirements analysis stage and to apply it on the system development methodology. However, information systems development methodology which systematically reflect the event processing concept still is insufficient. From this viewpoint, this paper proposes an event-driven scenario-based development methodology that can meet the recent development environment of information systems, and applies the proposed methodology to a small scale information system development case.

The The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual liquefaction occurrence site in Pohang area and to analyze the ground characteristics of Pohang area using the data of the National Geotechnical Information DB Center and to calculate the liquefaction potential index. Based on the results, the distribution of soil classification in Pohang area and the risk of liquefaction under various earthquake accelerations were prepared. As a result of the study, soils in Pohang has the soil characteristics that can cause the site amplification phenomenon. In the analysis through liquefaction hazard maps under earthquake scenarios, it is found that the liquefaction occurred in the area of Heunghae town is more likely to be liquefied than other areas in Pohang. From these results, it is expected that the study on the preparation of liquefaction hazard maps will contribute to the preparation of countermeasures against liquefaction by predicting the possibility in the future.

Unlike accidents on land, marine accidents can not be supported rapidly from the outside. For this reason, The initial response and damage control system are critical. Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) reported the necessity of the damage control system to IMO in the early 2000s. Even though the installation of these systems is not compulsory, the damage control system is installed and operated in about 60 cruises. The key component of damage control system is supporting the decision-making using 'KILL Card'. The purpose of study is to develop the shipboard training scenario for the foundation of 'KILL Card'. We made scenarios for fire and flooding through the analysis on existing scenarios, marine accident case and relative regulation. The suggested shipboard training scenario based on damage control system enables the crew to response with rapid decision-making to damage in emergency situations.

Modern systems development becomes more and more complicated due to the need on the ever-increasing capability of the systems. In addition to the complexity issue, safety concern is also increasing since the malfunctions of the systems under development may result in the accidents in both the test and evaluation phase and the operation phase. Light rail transit(LRT) with passenger capacity between bus and subway is driven by an unmanned control, so safety issues of LRT in emergency shall be considered more carefully than other rolling stock. Modern railway system is a complex system and many actions in emergency are required. In this view, interoperability approach is effective to identify the related elements in emergency. In this paper, we propose the method to generate the fire response scenario of unmann ed LRT based on the outputs of systems engineering architecture design methodology. The proposed method is could be contributed to establish more reliable and applicable fire response scenario.

Modern systems can be characterized by ever-increasing complexity of both the functionality and system scale. Thus, due to the complexity the chances of accidents resulting from systems failure can then be growing. Even worse is that those accidents could result in disastrous damage to the human being and properties as well. Therefore, the need for the developed systems to be assured with systems safety is apparent in a variety of industries such as rail, automobiles, airplanes, ships, oil refinery, chemical production plants, and so on. To this end, in the industry an appropriate safety standard has been published for its own safety-assured products. One of the core activities included in the most safety standards is hazard analysis. A conventional approach to hazard analysis seems to depend upon the scenarios derived from the ones used previously in similar systems or based on former experience. The objective of this paper is to study an improved process for scenario-based hazard analysis. To achieve the goal, the top-level safety requirements have first been reflected in the scenarios. By analyzing and using them, the result has then lead to the development of safety-assured systems. The method of modeling and simulation has been adopted in the generation and verification of scenarios to check whether the safety requirements are reflected properly in the scenarios. Application of the study result in the case of rail safety assurance has also been discussed.

본 논문에서는 IPCC에서 새롭게 선정한 RCP 8.5 시나리오를 사용하여 우리나라 62개 지점에 대한 목표기간별 10분 평균풍속의 극대치 분석을 실시하였다. 각 해당지점에서 파악한 미래 기간(2011~2100년) 동안의 극대풍속은 과거 관측기간(1976~2005년)에 비하여 최대 약 18.3%까지 증가하는 지점이 발생하는 반면, 최대 약 16.0%까지 감소하는 지점 역시 발생할 것으로 예측된다. 또한 본 논문에서는 극대치 분석 결과값에 기초하여 건축구조설계기준(KBC)의 기본풍속과 기후변화를 고려하였을 때의 기본풍속을 비교하였다. 이 분석에 의하면 RCP 8.5 시나리오를 고려할 시 일부 남해안과 내륙 지역에 대한 현행 기준의 기본풍속이 상향되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.