1. 본 연구는 GM콩이 비의도적으로 자연에 방출되었을 시 야생콩과의 교잡에 의해 발생 가능한 교잡콩을 모니터링하고 영양학적 측면에서 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 베타카로틴 강화 GM콩과 야생콩, 두 품종간 인위적으로 생산한 교잡콩, GM콩의 모본이자 일반 재배 품종인 광안콩 등 4품종을 국내 2개 지역에서 재배하고 콩 종자를 대상으로 주요 영양성분 38종을 분석하였다. 2. 재배 환경에 영향을 받지 않고, GM콩 및 야생콩과 비교해 교잡콩에서 유의적 차이를 보이는 성분은 조단백질, 조섬유, alanine, glycine, leucine, serine, tryptophan, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid 등 10종이었다. 하지만, 분석한 모든 시료의 성분은 국내외 자연 범위에 포함되는 수준이었다. 3. PCA분석 결과, 주요 영양성분 함량 변이는 GM콩은 모본과 유사하였고, 교잡콩은 GM콩 보다는 야생콩과 유사하였다. 즉, 분석한 4품종의 영양성분의 변이는 재배 환경보다는 유전적 요인에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받음을 알았다. 4. 본 연구의 결과는 GM콩과 야생콩간 교잡콩의 영양학적 안전성을 분석한 최초의 보고이며, 이는 향후 GM콩의 비의도적 자연 방출을 모니터링하는데 있어 유용한 기초 자료로써 활용 가치가 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to develop a functional senior mixed soymilk for seniors and to provide functional senior-mixed soymilk to prevent disease outbreaks. The isoflavone content of senior soymilk was 0.15±0.01 mg/g. The β-glucan content of senior soymilk was 9.82±0.01 mg/g. The weight gain of mice were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the other groups. The serum triglyceride content was high at 102.67±40.61 mg/dL in the high-fat diet group, but significantly lower at 83.00±42.43 mg/dL in the 20% senior soymilk group. Thus, the results of this study comprehensively suggest that food intake should be ingested for each life cycle with reference to the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. In particular, the elderly in their 50s and older are deficient in protein and weakened immune capacity, so it is imperative that they maintain their health through various foods such as soymilk, which is evenly nutritious.

본 연구는 유용 냉수성 어류 등의 종묘생산 시 초기의 성장과 생존률을 향상시키기 위하여, 저온에서 증식할 수 있는 저온내성을 가진 로티퍼(Brachionus plicatilis)를 배양하여, 수온 및 시간에 따른 영양강화 실험을 실시하였다. 로티퍼의 저온 배양은 20℃에서 배양하던 로티퍼의 수온을 점차적으로 낮추면서 활력이 있는 개체의 선별 배양을 반복하여 최종적으로 10℃에서 사육하였다. 영양강화는 상업적으로 이용되는 영양강화제인 A, S, SCV 및 SCP의 4종류를 사용하여 10, 15 및 20℃의 수온에서 6, 12 및 24시간 실시하였다. 수온 10℃에서 50일간 로티퍼의 증식률 실험을 한 결과 접종 밀도 350±7.9개체/ml에서 최종 배양 밀도는 1,064±5.7개체/ml로 약 3배 개체수가 증가하였다. 영양강화제에 포함된 지방산을 분석한 결과, n3계 고도불포화 지방산인 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) 및 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA, C22:6n-3)는 SCP에서 각각 15.49%, 35.03 %로 높게 나타났다. 영양강화한 로티퍼의 지방산 조성은 영양강화제에 따라 영향을 받았다. EPA는 SCP가 영양강화 수온 및 시간에 관계없이 2 % 이상을 차지하여 다른 영양강화제보다 높은 비율을 나타냈다. DHA는 S가 15℃, 24시간 실험구에서 12.40 %로 높게 나타났다. 영양강화 로티퍼의 EPA와 DHA의 비율을 고려하면 S를 20℃에서 12시간 영양강화한 실험구가 각각 3.09, 11.65 %로 높게 나타났다.

This study was done to analyze the contents of minerals and to investigate the ratio of measured values to labeled values and to analyze the ratio of calcium to other minerals in 68 specimen with minerals - fortified commercial beverages, noodles, cereals and grain products. Content of calcium, iron and zinc in samples after microwave digestion was analyzed with an ICP-OES. The measured values of calcium were ranged 82.2~293.1% of the labeled values in 38 samples composed calcium - fortified commercial beverages, noodles, cereals and grain products. The measured values of iron and zinc were ranged 83.3~301.0%, 90.1~314.1% of the labeled values in minerals - fortified commercial beverages, noodles, cereals and grain products, 42, 24 samples. The Ca : Fe ratios were 90.55 (50.55~220.64) in fruit & vegetable juice, 850.41 in fruit & vegetable beverage, 553.49 in blended beverage, 179.07 (118.37~238.01) in soy milk, 204.39(41.64~397.52) in noodle, 296.97(121.64~868.88) in fried noodle, 30.89(15.69~ 62.05) in cereal and 7.73(0.22~49.92) in grain product. The Ca : P ratios were 1.44(0.96~1.98) in fruit & vegetable juice, 1.92 in fruit & vegetable beverage, 1.66 in blended beverage, 4.23(2.25~7.72) in soy milk, 1.14(0.28~1.97) in noodle, 1.88(1.17~2.42) in fried noodle, 1.29(0.87~2.92) in cereal and 0.30(0.06~1.57) in grain product. The Ca : Mg ratios were 1.85(0.87~5.04) in fruit & vegetable juice, 28.72 in fruit & vegetable beverage, 2.97 in blended beverage, 5.27(2.93~9.36) in soy milk, 3.97(1.34~7.57) in noodle, 6.77(4.63~10.78) in fried noodle, 4.40(2.30~12.55) in cereal and 1.17(0.23~7.48) in grain product. These results suggest calcium contents and the ratio of calcium contents to other minerals in calcium-fortified food products should be strictly controlled. Moreover, to avoid problems with Excessive nutrition, there must be initiatives for better understanding on food labelling and nutrition for fortified food.

This study was performed to investigate patterns of fortified food (FF) consumption and intake of vitamins and minerals from FFs among 577 Korean children (12.4 years of age) who attended elementary or middle school. FFs eaten by children as a snack were surveyed using the food record method during 3 days, including 2 week days and one weekend. As a result, 114 FF items were eaten by the children, and several kinds of nutrients such as vitamin A, D, E, B complex, C, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were fortified in these foods. Ca-FFs (65.8%) were most frequently consumed, followed by vitamin C-FFs (33.4%) and vitamin D-FFs (33.3%). The number of FF items in each food group was the most in the milk group (n=24, 21.0%), followed by the beverage group (n=19, 16.7%), and the cookie/bread/cake group (n=17, 14.9%). Fortified nutrients in FFs were in various combinations, but the major combination patterns were Ca, Ca plus vitamins, Ca plus vitamins plus other minerals, and Ca plus other minerals. Daily mean intakes of vitamins and minerals from the FFs were 66-300% more than those of the recommended nutrient intake (RNI ) or adequate intake (AI) for most vitamins and minerals. Daily maximum intakes (95th percentile) of vitamins and minerals from FFs were 1-15 times the RNI or AI for most vitamins and minerals. Vitamin and mineral consumption ratios from each FF group were different according to the kind of fortified nutrient. For example, vitamin C was mostly eaten in fortified beverages (46-54%), and Fe was mostly eaten in fortified cookie/breads/cakes (87%). The above results show that FF consumption varied widely among the children, and that most of the children's foods were fortified with several vitamins and minerals without a common rule; thus, subjects risked over consuming vitamins and minerals by eating FFs. Therefore, practical guideline on FF use for children's optimal nutrition and health should be provided through nutrition education.

Fortified foods are consumed widely in modem society according to increased concern on health oriented foods. This study investigated the patterns of vitamin-and/or mineral-fortified food use among 677 teenage students(13-18 years of age) in Chungnam province and Daejeon city in Korea using questionnaire. More than 63.7% of total subjects consumed more than one package of fortified foods belonged to more than three categories of five categories including sweets/biscuits, ramyons, beverages, milk and dairy products, and breads as a frequency of more than 1-2 times/week during previous three months prior to present survey. Consumption of fortified foods was higher in middle school students than in high school students(p<0.05), and in females than in females(p<0.001). Users of fortified foods took the snacks more often(p<0.001), and they tended to believe more positively that fortification can be helpful in health maintenance than did non-users. Users preferred vitamin C and Ca(calcium) as a fortified nutrient. Major fortified nutrients in fortified foods taken by users were various; vitamin B-complex and Ca from sweets/biscuits, Ca from ramyons, vitamin C and Ca from beverages, Ca and iron from milk and dairy products and breads. These results suggest that fortified foods are used commonly and are influenced by several factors among teenagers. Types of fortified nutrient, in fortified foods taken by subjects, are various and fortification is performed unspecifically. As a consequence both nutrition education and government regulation on fortified foods should be enforced to maximize the benefits and minimize the hazard of their use.

The survey was carried out to obtain some fundmental data to improve the dietary life and to establish the nutritonal education and policy on inhabitants lived in isle area near by demilitarized zone in Korea. For this, 33 families in the area of Kyodong island located at Kanghwa-Gun, Kyungki province were randomly selected. Trained surveyors visited each house to survey the food and nutritional status in summer during 3 days in August, 1987. The results are summarized as follows; The number of foods they were taking totalled 17 categories and 134 kinds of which 104 kinds were vegetable foods. The average amount of food intake was 1465.3g per person per day, animal food occupied 9.6% only. The intake amount of fruit among vegetable foods, and fishes, shells, milk and eggs among animal foods was lower than the national average. Each proportion of carbohydrate, fat and protein to the total energy intake was 70.4%, 9.7% and 19.9%. The foods they used to take a lot were rice, potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage KIMCHIE and YULMOO KIMCHIE in order of their intake amount. The energy intake was 3064㎉ which is higher than nutritional requirements, and the energy ratio of cereals to the total energy in take is 76%. If the amount of fat intake is fixed to 20% of total energy intake, the amount of fat intake is 68g, but the actual amount of fat intake was only 33g. With an increase of total energy intake, supply of calcium and vitamin A should be increased much more.