In this study, using deep learning, super-resolution images of transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were generated for nanomaterial analysis. 1169 paired images with 256  256 pixels (high resolution: HR) from TEM measurements and 32  32 pixels (low resolution: LR) produced using the python module openCV were trained with deep learning models. The TEM images were related to DyVO4 nanomaterials synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Mean-absolute-error (MAE), peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) were used as metrics to evaluate the performance of the models. First, a super-resolution image (SR) was obtained using the traditional interpolation method used in computer vision. In the SR image at low magnification, the shape of the nanomaterial improved. However, the SR images at medium and high magnification failed to show the characteristics of the lattice of the nanomaterials. Second, to obtain a SR image, the deep learning model includes a residual network which reduces the loss of spatial information in the convolutional process of obtaining a feature map. In the process of optimizing the deep learning model, it was confirmed that the performance of the model improved as the number of data increased. In addition, by optimizing the deep learning model using the loss function, including MAE and SSIM at the same time, improved results of the nanomaterial lattice in SR images were achieved at medium and high magnifications. The final proposed deep learning model used four residual blocks to obtain the characteristic map of the low-resolution image, and the super-resolution image was completed using Upsampling2D and the residual block three times.

Glass wool is a fiber made by melting sand and waste glass at high temperature. It has been used as an inorganic fiber for sound absorption, insulation, and non-combustible materials for automobiles, ships, and household appliances. However, the disadvantage comes from the moisture penetration through condensation and cleaning up so that it deteriorates insulation and soundproofing performance. In order to overcome the disadvantages of glass wool, we investigate the water repellency by plating metal on the surface of glass wool with Cu and Ti while coating stability is considered. The thickness of the deposited metal is about 300 nm. The deposition chemicals and the image of the specimen are analyzed by using SEM equipment. The electron microscopic result shows that quite amount of Cu and Ti metals are deposited on the glass wool surface.

흑요석 내 미세결정은 화산암질 마그마의 과냉각 조건에서 정출된 아주 작은 결정이다. 백두산, 일본 규슈와 홋카이도, 그리고 이태리 리파리 섬에서 산출되는 흑요석을 대상으로 그 내부에 포함된 미세결정의 형태와 조직을 전자현미경을 사용하여 관찰하여 정리하였다. 전자현미경의 후방산란전자 이미지로부터 관찰한 보다 자세한 미세결정에 대한 형태학적 분류는 기존의 광학현미경으로 얻을 수 없는 미세결정의 결정화에 대한 정보를 제공해 준다. 이 논문에서는 Clark (1961)의 미세결정 형태 분류 14가지 중에서 10가지에 대해 새로이 기재하였다. 즉, Lath, Crenulite, Bacillite, Margarite, Belonites, Trichites, Arculites, Furculite, Scopulites, Scopulitic growth 등의 미세결정에 대한 형태와 조직적 특징을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 이런 기재적 연구로부터 향후 산성 마그마의 냉각과정동안 흑요석 내 미세결정의 결정작용과 광물 공생관계를 밝히는데 활용될 것이다.

각종 베리류 과실에 피해를 주는 벗초파리(Drosophila suzukii)에 있는 냄새감각기(Olfactory sensilla)들의 종류와 분포를 알아보기 위해 암, 수컷의 촉각(Antenna)과 작은턱수염(Maxillary Palpi)을 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope)으로 관찰하였다. 직경 20–50nm의 작은 구멍(Pore)들이 표면에 존재하는 감각기(Sensilla)들을 냄새감각기 로 구분했을 때, 벗초파리의 촉각과 작은턱수염에 분포하는 많은 감각기들은 대부분이 냄새감각기로 판단되었다. 이들 냄새감각기들은 표면미세구조가 다른 귀모양감각기(Sensilla auricillica), 털감각기(Sensilla trichodea) 및 추상감각 기(Sensilla basiconica)가 대부분을 차지했으며, 감각기 종류와 분포양상은 촉각과 작은턱수염 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내어 벗초파리의 촉각과 작은턱수염은 서로 다른 냄새감각기능을 가질 것으로 생각되었다. 본 연구 결과는 벗초파리의 냄새통신을 이해하고 유인제를 개발하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

This study suggested comprehensive structural characterization methods for the commercial blue light emitting diodes(LEDs). By using the Z-contrast intensity profile of Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM) images from a commercial lateral GaN-based blue light emitting diode, we obtained important structural information on the epilayer structure of the LED, which would have beendifficult to obtain by conventional analysis. This method was simple but very powerful to obtain structural and chemical information on epi-structures in a nanometer-scale resolution. One of the examples was that we could determine whether the barrier in the multi-quantum well(MQW) was GaN or InGaN. Plan-view TEM observations were performed from the commercial blue LED to characterize the threading dislocations(TDs) and the related V-pit defects. Each TD observed in the region with the total LED epilayer structure including the MQW showed V-pit defects for almost of TDs independent of the TD types: edge-, screw-, mixed TDs. The total TD density from the region with the total LED epilayer structure including the MQW was about 3.6 × 108 cm−2 with a relative ratio of Edge- : Screw- :Mixed-TD portion as 80%: 7%: 13%. However, in the mesa etched region without the MQW total TD density was about 2.5 × 108 cm−2 with a relative ratio of Edge- : Screw- :Mixed TD portion of 86%: 5%: 9 %. The higher TD density in the total LED epilayer structure implied new generation of TDs mostly from the MQW region.

In this study, nano-scale copper powders were reduction treated in a hydrogen atmosphere at the relativelyhigh temperature of 350℃ in order to eliminate surface oxide layers, which are the main obstacles for fabricating anano/ultrafine grained bulk parts from the nano-scale powders. The changes in composition and microstructure beforeand after the hydrogen reduction treatment were evaluated by analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD) line profile patternsusing the convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) procedure. In order to confirm the result from the XRD lineprofile analysis, transmitted electron microscope observations were performed on the specimen of the hydrogen reduc-tion treated powders fabricated using a focused ion beam process. A quasi-statically compacted specimen from the nano-scale powders was produced and Vickers micro-hardness was measured to verify the potential of the powders as thebasis for a bulk nano/ultrafine grained material. Although the bonding between particles and the growth in size of theparticles occurred, crystallites retained their nano-scale size evaluated using the XRD results. The hardness results dem-onstrate the usefulness of the powders for a nano/ultrafine grained material, once a good consolidation of powders isachieved.

미국선녀벌레는 노린재목 선녀벌레과(Flatidae)의 외래유입 흡즙성 해충으로 2012년 31개 시군구로 분포가 도로변을 중심으로 확산 추세에 있다. 미국선녀벌레 는 아카시나무 등에서 알로 월동을 하고 년 1회 발생을 하는데 5-6월에 부화된 약충 이 10월까지 기주식물을 흡즙하여 직접 피해를 주며 왁스물질과 감로를 분비하기 때문에 외관상 혐오감과 잎과 과일에 그을음병을 유발하여 상품가치를 저하시켜 농가에 피해를 준다. 우리나라에서는 단감, 포도, 배, 사과 등 과수작물과 콩, 옥수 수 등 식량작물에 피해가 우려되고 있다. 따라서 국립농업과학원에서는 외래 돌발 해충인 미국선녀벌레에 대한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 기초적 생리·생태적 정보를 바탕으로 한 친환경해충관리기술을 개발하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해부현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 미국선녀벌레 약충과 성충의 구기와 구침, 더듬이의 감각기 분포와 형태를 관찰하고 다른 흡즙성 해충과 비교하였다. 구기의 미세구 조 정보를 바탕으로 미국선녀벌레의 섭식행동에 대한 연구가 앞으로 진행될 예 정이다.

We present a method of graphene synthesis with high thickness uniformity using the thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) technique; we demonstrate its application to a grid supporting membrane using transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, particularly for nanomaterials that have smaller dimensions than the pitch of commercial grid mesh. Graphene was synthesized on electron-beam-evaporated Ni catalytic thin films. Methane and hydrogen gases were used as carbon feedstock and dilution gas, respectively. The effects of synthesis temperature and flow rate of feedstock on graphene structures have been investigated. The most effective condition for large area growth synthesis and high thickness uniformity was found to be 1000˚C and 5 sccm of methane. Among the various applications of the synthesized graphenes, their use as a supporting membrane of a TEM grid has been demonstrated; such a grid is useful for high resolution TEM imaging of nanoscale materials because it preserves the same focal plane over the whole grid mesh. After the graphene synthesis, we were able successfully to transfer the graphenes from the Ni substrates to the TEM grid without a polymeric mediator, so that we were able to preserve the clean surface of the as-synthesized graphene. Then, a drop of carbon nanotube (CNT) suspension was deposited onto the graphene-covered TEM grid. Finally, we performed high resolution TEM observation and obtained clear image of the carbon nanotubes, which were deposited on the graphene supporting membrane.

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The EtOH extracts of Viola mandshurica (NNMBS274), Viola patrinii (NNMBS275) and Viola papilionacea Pursh (NNMBS276), origin plants of Violae Herba, showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Among them, NNMBS275, the extract of V. patrinii possessed the protective effects against glutamate toxicity by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. These results suggest that extracts of V. patrinii could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases. Furthermore, it is suggested that the protective effects of V. patrinii extract due to inducing the expression of HO-1 asAs the exfoliated keratinocytes (EKs) in oral mucosa are aging and degenerating cells, of which cytoplasms are almost replaced by cross-linked keratin materials. Consequently, the EKs become apoptotic with nuclear lysis. A question is arisen what is the biological role of these EKs in oral cavity? Are they simply degrading as aging keratinocytes or do they have some essential function still remained in the exfoliated status? The buccal smear samples from ten healthy adult subjects were observed under scanning electron microscope. On the outer surface of the EKs the features of bacterial adhesion were explored. The microorganisms attached on the surface of EKs were much deformed, shrunken and teared. Only a few microorganisms were found on the EK surface, aggregated focally. The attached microorganisms were gradually fused on the cell membrane of EKs, and subsequently endocytosed. Resultantly, many round endocytotic concave cavities similar size to the cocci were remained on the surface of EKs similar to the sequels of caveolae endocytosis. These data indicate that the degenerating EKs can actively engulf microorganisms attached on their cell surface via the processes of caveolae endocytosis. Therefore, it is presumed that the oral EKs still play a role for endocytotic scavenging of oral microorganisms using the denatured cell bodies themselves, which become highly adherent to oral microorganisms and still function for caveolae endocytosis in mixed saliva environment. an antioxidant/cytoprotective target

Currently, dental implants are generally used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects. Implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. The materials of implants are variable such as metals and ceramics. The materials of implants must be have not toxicity and biocompatibility to host and mechanical(physical) strength. Bones must be attached to titanium surface without any other tissues. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration through various method which are including implants designs and materials. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the methods which are enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thermo dynamic therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise stability of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3kg weight, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were made from tissue sample. We have investigated the undecalcified samples by back scattered electron microscope. We have analysied the length rate and area rate in implant interface and inside the threads. The results were as follows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. It was suggested that Initial bone remodelling may be effected by LLLT because of implant bone contact ratio between 4th weeks and 8th weeks had no siginifant difference. Initial bone remodelling may be more influenced than later bone remodelling by LLLT because of new bone formation area ratio between implant threads had no significant differences during 4th to 8th weeks. According to above results, low level laser irradiation accerlate the new bone formation in implant interface and inside the implants threads at initial stage. there were many factors which are increasing the bone remodelling, because there were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for increasing the initial stage of bone remodelling because of above results.

The precipitation behavior in Mg-6 wt%Zn-1 wt%Y alloy annealed at different temperatures of 200˚C and 400˚C has been characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope. When the alloy is annealed at 200˚C for 6 hr, the plate- and the rod-shaped β2' phases are precipitated in the matrix. The orientation relationship of plate-shaped precipitates with the matrix exhibits a [11ar20]β2 || [10ar10]Mg, (0001)β2' || (0001)Mg. While the rod-shaped precipitates have two kinds of the orientation relationships with the matrix, i.e. [11ar20]β2'||[0001] Mg, (0001)β2'||(11ar20) Mg and [11ar20]β2'||[0001] Mg, (ar1106)β2'||(10ar10) Mg. With increasing annealing time at 200˚C the β1' phases are also precipitated in the matrix and the orientation relationship exhibits a [010]β1' || [0001]Mg, (603)β1' || (01ar10)Mg between the β1' precipitate and the matrix. The icosahedral phases are precipitated in the alloy annealed at 400˚C and exhibit a [I2]I || [0001]Mg relationship with the matrix.

The external ultrastructural morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla and hair-pencils of Palpita indica (Saunder) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The antennal flagellum of male and female has six types of sensilla: long trichodea, short trichodea, chaetica, coeloconicum around spines, camaniformia and styloconica. There are sexual differences in antennae of P. indica. The female antenna has a coeloconicum sensillum without spines nearby the long trichodea sensilla on ninth flagellomere. Otherwise, auricillica sensilla are distribute on the basal segment of male antenna. These structures are not showed in the female antenna. There are a lot of pores on the hair tufts of the male hair-pencils.

Hemicycliophora minora Wu, 1966와 Pratylenchoides ivanovae Ryss, 1980를 국내 미기록종으로 보고한다. 현재 국내에는 Hemicycliophora속에서 총 5종, Pratylenchoides속에서 총 3종의 선충이 보고되었으며, 이들 종에 대한 검색표를 첨부하였다. 아울러 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 Pratylenchoides utahensis Baldwin, Luc & Bell 와 Rotylenchus feroxcis Eroshenko의 형태적 특징을 추가적으로 기록하였다.