This study aims to critically analyze how gendered spaces and gender images are expressed verbally and non-verbally in the latest information and communication advertisements. The results showed that the gendered space appeared although it had nothing to do with the information and communication devices or advertisement content. The gender-specific spatial distinctions and restrictions fully reflected the stereotypes of gender roles. Sexist images also emerged in the verbal and non-verbal expressions with images of women being reproduced in a more negatively compared to that of men. Regarding frequency, many aspects limited and revealed “the differing interests and characteristics of gender”, which were expressed both verbally and non-verbally. The emphasis on women's appearance stood out non-verbal, albeit superfluously. It is a problem that these gender images and perceptions are fixed or reproduced through mass media.

This article aims to examine what kinds of non-linguistic parameters correlate with the variations of the sentence-ending styles used in television news. Specifically, we focus on shifting between Hapsyo-style and Haeyo-style, two dominant kinds uttered in the register, and the variations in Haeyo, based on the results from the analysis of a news corpus. It turned out that whereas the two styles are both used, Haeyo is used much less than Hapsyo in the news. In the use of Haeyo as opposed to Hapsyo, the three different parameters such as the gender of the speaker, the role of the speaker, and the type of the news item are shown to have significant correlations. That is, the values of women, anchors, and the type of news items for specific hearers, have positive correlation to the use of Haeyo, contrary to the values of men, reporters, and the type of news items for abstract hearers. The parameter which have the strongest correlation to the use of Haeyo turned out to be the types of news items, followed by the role of speaker, and the gender of the speaker are shown to be the weakest one. Regarding the variations among the different forms belonging to Haeyo, we examined the diversity of the endings used, with special attention to the proportion of the endings originated from clause-linkers, and it turned out that the role of speaker and the type of news items are significant parameters, among which the former is relatively more relevant.

이 연구는 한국의 드라마가 극도의 경쟁 환경에 처해 있어 다른 장르의 프로그램에 비해 더 높은 단계의 설득을 필요로 한다는 사실에 주목하여 시청자들의 수용욕구를 자극하는 심층구조를 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 본고는 지금까지 드라마의 설득 기제에 관한 연구가 경제적 권위에 집중되어 학문적으로 소홀히 해왔던 텍스트 주변의 구조를 밝힘으로써 방송의 경쟁주의와 복잡한 시청자 유도 혹은 유혹의 전략을 분석하는데 타당성을 부여했다. 그리고 분석을 위해 디제시 스의 외재적 논증구조를 특징짓는 두 가지 결정적인 요소들, 즉 파라텍스트와 텍스트의 상호성을 분석의 대상으로 설정하고 이를 통해 드라마 소구의 논리를 밝혀냈다. 결과로서 텔레비전 드라마가 커뮤니케이션 주체들 사이의 공모적 장소이며 사회적 장임을 확인했다. 결국 논증이론의 차용을 통해 드라마의 수용자들을 같은 목표를 향해 가는 새로운 공동체로 설정하고, 이들이 텍스트 에 관여하면서 공동체 의식을 느끼고 사회적 관계에서 오는 즐거움을 공유한다는 사실을 이론화 했다. 따라서 이 연구는 서사분석을 통한 개별텍스트의 구현에 집중되었던 드라마 연구에 논증이론을 적용함으로써 수용자 연구와 미디어 중심의 영역으로 지평을 확장하고 새로운 논의를 제시 한다는 점에서 학술적 의의를 갖는다.

Park Eun-ha. 2016. “Comparative Study of Linguistic Aspects Expressed in Cosmetic TV Commercials: With a Special Focus from 1960 to 1989 and from 2013 to 2015”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 149~174. This study examines and compares characteristics of sentences, vocabularies, textual structures, and types of persuasion in cosmetics TV commercials that have aired before the 1980s (1960~1989) and in the last three years (2013~2015). The study consists of four parts, and the findings are as follows: First, in order of frequency of occurrences, “declarative sentences” ranks the first, followed by “imperative sentences” before the 1980s and “interrogative sentences” in the last three years. Word final endings reveal that nouns have been the most frequent in both periods, followed by haera style before the 1980s and haeyo style in the last three years. Second, this study examines the main topic and characteristics of vocabulary in cosmetics TV commercials. The results show that “skin” is the most frequent main topic in both periods. Remarkable topics in use indicate: “color” and “scent” before the 1980s, “moisture” and “anti-aging” in the last three years. In the use of foreign languages, alphabets have been in use for the written caption in the last 3 years, while Hangeul (Korean alphabet) were used for the written caption before the 1980s. Third, with regard to the textual structure, it is noted that the structural factors of the advertising texts were observed similarly. In the two periods under study, caption and female narrators texts have been the most frequently or mainly. Compared from 1960 to 1989 with from 2013 to 2015, male characters have appeared somewhat in the last three years while there have been no male characters before the 1980s. Finally, for the type of persuasion, “straightforward type” ranks the highest, followed by “economical type”, and “CM song type” before the 1980s, and “mixed type” among various types in the last three years.

ㅊBy controlling the piston speed of the gas spring applying to the digital television stand application of the gas spring, a user can operate the elevation when the gas spring is working under long stroke(200～300 mm, the TV elevation displacement). According to stroke, by some devices with the problem rising from between the difference of external forces, the emotional quality in television elevational function is realized. The piston speed control technique is investigated to perform this experiment piston flow analysis and flow rate control for precise tubular cross section and propose a piston structure for elevation action. This study is for the development of the gas spring of the large size television stand with 50 inch over. In the gas spring development of elevation working, a device to compensate for the volume of the cylinder is generated as much the volume of the piston rod. As this study result, at the development of working gas spring, the hollow shaft is more favorable than the solid one in the apparatus to compensate for the cylinder volume generated.

디지털 기술의 발전은 내러티브 영상콘텐츠에도 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 디지털 영상이미지가 현실과 맺는 관계의 변화나 수용자의 문화인터페이스 변화는 텔레비전 내러티브 콘텐츠 구성 및 영상스타일 전략에도 변화를 요구한다. 하지만 디지털 합성 기술의 발전과 그 기술의 가능성에도 불구하고 디지털 내러티브 콘텐츠는 지각적 리얼리즘을 지향하면서 여전히 사진 사실주의를 완성하려는 영상이미지를 보여준다. 그렇다고 이러한 디지털 시대의 영상이 올드미디어 시대와 동일한 함의를 갖는 것은 아니다. 본고에서는 뉴미디어 환경에서 텔레비전 내러티브 콘텐츠의 영상 특징의 일단을 이해하기 위하여 SBS <별에서 온 그대>라는 드라마를 예시로 고찰한다. <별에서 온 그대>의 에필로그에서 몇 가지로 양식화되어 형상화된 영상들을 만날 수 있는데, 이들 영상들의 매개 전략은 흥미롭다. 비매개 전략으로 흥미로운 스토리를 담은 환영주의적 내러티브 세계를 구성하면서도 동시에, 불연속적 영상이 매체의 투명성에 반하여 하이퍼매개하면서 디지털 시대의 일반적인 영상 특성을 보여주기 때문이다. 본고는 이 드라마의 에필로그 영상이 비매개와 하이퍼매개 사이를 오가며 주는 영상의 매혹이 무엇인지, 또 이들은 디지털 시대의 영상들의 어떤 특징들을 공유하고 있는지 밝히고 있다.

The purpose of this study is based on Nam June Paik’s first solo exhibition, entitled ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ which was held in 1963 at Galerie Parnass in Wuppertal, Germany. This was Paik’s first exhibition on the work of electronic television. Furthermore, this exhibition has provided the initial point of Video Art and that counts as an important meaning for researching Paik’s works. In 21st century many art museums are attempting to reproduce Paik‘s first exhibition itself. For this point of view the purpose of this study is focusing on the exhibition installation and its effects of the ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫. Paik has solely organized and directed this ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ and also designed the poster. At Galerie Parnass Paik had made the exhibition with operated electric television, scenarios staged with prepared piano and mechanical sound objects along with record players and audio tape installations. Through this exhibition it turned the space of exhibition into an art work. The audience could freely experience the individual spaces which holds its own characteristics by operating the installed art works. All the different materials and physical effects installed in different rooms, all kinds of objects making sound or noise, and furthermore the works that needed audience participation have shown that characteristics of Paik’s major interest about the ‘space’, ‘sound of everyday life’, and ‘Audience participation’. Moreover, Paik has directed this ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ not only dependent on standardized visual part but also multilateral experience approach for open exhibition. Paik’s intention for his exhibition was that the audience could be free inside exhibition space and this intention aroused the unknown artist Joseph Beuys to have spasmodic happening performance in his show. Joseph Beuys have smashed the lying piano on Paik’s show through this performance and Paik was satisfied with Joseph Beuys’s unforeseeable performance. This performance was not only about wrecking the art work but rather ‘homage to Nam june Paik’. For this kind of exhibition circumstance, Paik has made the television which was the linear communication with the audience to the ‘art work that is completed by the audience’. The passive viewers of television have become active viewers through making sound in front of television or operating the images with the sound volume while they are participating on Paik’s exhibition. Moreover, Paik has transformed the main classical instrument piano to attempt Art as a ‘playful’ thing, which was a priority only for the privileged classes. ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ was Paik’s unique exhibition that holds ‘space and the sound’, ‘audience participation’, ‘experimenting new medium’. Paik has made the exhibition space as a one united space environment and did not segregate the ‘Art and everyday life’ and ‘Artist(subject) and Audience(object)’ which have made ‘space’, ‘audience’, ‘new medium’ as an Art.

매스미디어의 정치적 영향력을 분석한 선행연구들은 시사보도 프로그램과 정치광고 등이 정치적 효능감 혹은 무관심을 매개로 수용자의 정치 참여 에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시하였다. 하지만, 이러한 접근으로는 최근 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있는 젊은 층의 정치 참여 감소를 설명하기에 충분하지 않다는 문제의식 하에 본 연구에서는 젊은 층을 포함하여 전 수용자 층에서 높은 이용도를 보이고 있는 텔레비전 드라마의 정치적 효과를 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 매스미디어의 정 치적 효과를 분석한 선행 연구와 문화계발이론을 바탕으로, 본 연구에서는 대통령 선거라는 정치적 내용을 본격적으로 다룬 텔레비전 드라마인 <대물>과 <프레지 던트> 시청이 대학생들의 정부와 정치인 신뢰, 정치 및 투표 효능감, 정치 관심도, 정치 참여의향, 대통령 이미지 등에 영향을 미치는 지를 분석하였다. 대학생 86명 을 3개 집단으로 나누어 12주에 걸쳐 유사실험연구를 실시한 결과, 정치 드라마 시청이 대학생들의 정부 신뢰, 정치 효능감, 정치 관심도, 정치참여의향, 대통령 이 미지 등에는 유의미한 차이를 발생시키지 않았지만, 정치인 신뢰와 투표 효능감에 는 유의미한 차이를 발생시키는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 이러한 차이에 본 연구에 서 사용한 정치 드라마의 내용상 차이가 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 연 구결과를 통해, 텔레비전 정치 드라마가 부분적으로는 단기간에도 정치적 효과를 발생시킬 수 있다는 점과 드라마에서 묘사하는 정치인 및 정치과정의 차이에 따라 정치적 효과의 방향이 달라질 수 있다는 점을 추론할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze information about food and nutrition topics presented throughout the television broadcast media, thereby find out the optimal communication method to give desirable information to the general public. To perform this study were recruited and trained by monitoring education before and during the study. 3 domestic TV channels were selected to be monitored, for 3 months. Results of this study were as follows: First, the total reporting cases of information about foods and nutrition were 154, When each monitored contents was seen from the domain of programs, 128 cases(83.1%) were from current affairs and information program, and 26(16.9%) were from entertainment program. Second, according to survey by channel cases are 26(16.9%) from KBS, 54 cases(35.1%) from MBC, 74 cases(48.1%) from SBS, which means SBS reported the most about nutritional foods. Third, the frequency of reporting information on the overall diet and food & ingredient, cuisine & cookey, health & diet therapy and obesity & diet in order. Forth, among the 26 cases of positive or negative implications made by each cannel of KBS, 18 cases were delivered in positive ways, 7 cases had positive and negative point of views mix together, and 1 cases was negatively delivered. Finally, the most important thing is to organiae the advisory team by connecting mass media and specialist, and the educational program of nutrition should be developed for the communication of right information about foods and nutrition.

본 연구는 최근 지상파 방송의 어린이 TV프로그램이 왜 그렇게 축소되고 있는 지에 대한 문제의식 하에서, 텔레비전 어린이 프로그램의 제작에 관한 문제를 좀 더 체계적으로 이해하고 성찰해 보고자 MBC <뽀뽀뽀>의 생산과정에 대한 민속지 학적 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과, <뽀뽀뽀> 프로그램의 기획 의도는 프로그램을 통해 어린이들이 논리적 사고력과 창의성을 키우고, 놀이체험 등을 통해 인지학습 및 사회적응 능력을 향상시키는 것이다. 이러한 <뽀뽀뽀>의 생산과정을 둘러싼 환 경들의 특성으로 여러 제작진들의 재능과 의견의 수렴을 통해 생산된 창작구성물, 프로그램의 ‘교육성’ 강화를 통한 학부모 ‘관심 끌기’, 다양한 루트를 통한 피드백 과 의견반영, 텔레비전 생산물 및 외주제작물로서 특징, 방송 편성 및 제작 환경의 열악성 등을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 향후 텔레비전 어린이 프로그램이 글로 벌 콘텐츠로서 제작될 수 있도록 회사차원의 정책적 배려와 관심, 과감한 경제적 투자, 프로그램 개발에 대한 지속적인 노력과 장기적인 시간 투입의 필요성을 제기 하였다.

본 연구는 환경관련 텔레비전 뉴스에서 시각적 요소인 영상과 자막이 정부의 4대 강사업에 대한 수용자의 태도에 어떤 영향을 미칠 것인지, 그리고 이슈관여도에 따라 그러한 시각적 요소가 ‘주변단서(peripheral cues)’로써 수용자의 태도에 차별적인 영향을 미칠 것인지, 점화효과 이론과 정교화가능성 모델 이론을 배경으로 살펴보았다. 2009년 MBC 뉴스데스크를 통해 방송된 뉴스 중에서 정치, 경제, 환경 분야의 뉴스, 총 40개를 표본으로 추출하여 4개의 클립을 구성하고, 오디오 클립, 무자막 비디오 클립, 자막 비디오 클립 등 3가지 형태로 모두 12개의 클립을 제작하여, 335명의 대학생들을 노출빈도와 노출형태에 따라 6개 집단으로 구성하여 비디오 클립들을 시청하게 하였다. 사전 설문조사, 4주간의 실험, 사후 설문조사의 순으로 실시된 설문조사 결과를 성별, 미디어 소비량, 관여도 등을 통제한 공변량 분석결과, 환경관련 텔레비전 뉴스가 정부의 4대강 사업에 대한 수용자의 태도에 부적인 영향을 미치며, 그 과정에서 영상과 자막이 4대강사업에 대한 수용자의 태도변화에 영향을 미치는 ‘시각적 점화효과(visual priming)’가 나타남을 검증하였다. 그리고 관여도와 시각적 요소의 상호작용효과 관련 가설들은 통계적으로 유의미하게 지지되지는 못했지만, 영상은 이슈 관여도가 낮은 수용자 집단에게 주변단서로, 그리고 자막은 이슈 관여도가 높은 수용자 집단에게 중심단서로 사고의 정교화에 영향을 미치는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다.

The main objective of this research is to analyze the concept of gender difference through the language used by different genders shown on TV advertisements. Along with TV advertisements, this study further investigates on the cognition of gender differences through the questionnaire specifically discussing the language used by male and female students. In order to set the background, this research surveys the definitive characteristics of the language with respect to gender difference. Further, by examining the language used by different genders shown on all mass media including TV advertisements, there is an existence of gender differences in terms of linguistic expressions. Second, the field research on cognition was conducted by collecting the data of the middle and high school students. The result of the questionnaire reveals that male and female students choose their words without recognizing the gender differences in their oral or written expressions. As indicates, the cognition of language used by people reflects the explicit use of the language which plays a central role in linguistic change. This research concludes that the language used by male should include the characteristics of the female language in order to change the perception of gender difference.

This research explores the linguistic modes of animated cartoon programs focusing on such areas as program titles, subtitles, character names, theme song verses and dialogues in the programs aired by three major broadcasters. Among those that surface prominently are the use of foreign languages and unnecessary foreign borrowings in all research areas; the uses of language of explicit violence and sexuality in theme songs; and violations of linguistic norms involving slang or substandard expressions and grammatical errors. Some issues include the use of an inordinate level of violent and pejorative language, excessive occurrence of foreign words and/or foreign borrowings and foreign-sounding non-words (i.e. nonce words), grammatical violations, and the use of lexis inappropriate for the target audience. These aspects are related to the current state of affairs in the broadcasting industry: the separation of production and broadcasting (i.e., most programs are produced by external program-manufacturers, whose major concerns are marketability and viewer interest rather than the inherent quality of the programs). This research calls for concern over the good of young viewers and of regulation and supervision over broadcasting contents.

Television food advertisement is the most effective way to reach to consumers with food and nutritional informations and affect their eating behavior. Therefore, 218 food commercials were reviewed using video tapes and copies to know the present food product trends, food messages they transmit and define misleading food commercials. Messages were focused on the benefit of health promoting substances they contain, especially for functional food components, fortified nutrients, food safety focused on food additives, convenience and differentiation with other products. Overnutrition on specific nutrients could be expected due to nutrient fortified products and misleading of food commercials were also noted. Regarding trends, guidelines provided by television broadcasting company shoud be fortified in the connection of Food Hygine Law and supervision committe should reinforce the food company to summit data for the approval of their advertisement claims. Nutrition educational spot program shoud be produced and broadcasted for the public to protect the consumer from food faddism in near future.

Radio and television is a mass communication tool, its development has a profound impact on People's Daily life and social development. With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people also put forward higher requirements for the development of radio and television. The development of radio and television cannot be separated from the support of electronic engineering technology. Therefore, on the basis of elaborating the contents of radio and TELEVISION electronic engineering technology, this paper analyzes the common forms of electronic engineering technology in radio and television engineering, and makes strategic analysis on how to optimize the application of radio and television electronic engineering technology in view of the existing problems in the application of radio and television electronic engineering technology. In order to better promote the development and construction of China's radio and television electronic engineering technology.