This study presents an integrated indoor air quality index (IAQI) algorithm aimed at enhancing the efficiency of indoor air quality management in diverse indoor environments. The proposed IAQI accounts for the combined effects of multiple pollutants, offering a more comprehensive approach than traditional concentrationbased methods. Findings from four exposure scenarios and probabilistic health risk assessments indicate that the IAQI can be tailored to reflect occupant characteristics and space usage, thereby providing improved protection for sensitive populations, such as newborns. The application of occupant-specific criteria led to reductions in pollutant concentrations and associated health risks compared to conventional standards. Furthermore, the IAQI incorporates correction factors and weighted adjustments, facilitating robust risk assessments in complex multi-pollutant contexts. By addressing the limitations of single-pollutant management, this approach supports the development of more effective strategies for indoor air quality control. The proposed algorithm holds significant potential for practical applications in indoor air quality management and policymaking. Future research should focus on validating its effectiveness across a wider range of indoor environments.

Although monitoring of radon has been extensively implemented throughout South Korea, the risk assessment has been mainly limited to indoor environments such as schools, workplaces, and multi-use facilities, and evaluations have normally been performed separately. In this study, the differences in radon exposure according to two groups (< 1 and 1-6 years old) were evaluated considering various indoor and outdoor environments, timeactivity patterns, variations in radon concentrations, and dwelling type (single detached and apartment house) using Monte-Carlo simulation. The distribution and representative values of radon concentration by micro-environments were confirmed through the Anders-Darling test, and a uniform distribution was applied in case of uncertainty. The effective dose ranged from 1.81 ± 1.19 to 2.81 ± 3.02mSv/y. Comparing the levels recommended by EPA, WHO, and ICRP with the value of the 95th percentile of this study, it was found that the results for those dwelling in detached houses exceeded recommended levels. Infants that spend a lot of time in homes with relatively high levels of concentration of radon are assessed to be somewhat more vulnerable to radon exposure.

In this study, a study was conducted to improve the reliability of the valve by developing a valve leakage and reliability measurement system designed to secure the high quality and reliability of the butterfly valve. The system measuring the torque required for valve opening and closing operation, and was configured to operate after multiple opening and closing of the valve to check for leakage of the valve. Finally, a system that can perform efficient work in terms of productivity was developed by enabling leak inspection, torque measurement, and reliability inspection through one integrated system.

국내외적으로 유해물질의 통합 노출에 대한 관심은 높아지고 있다. 이러한 흐름에 따라 다양한 경로를 통해 노출될 수 있는 중금속에 대한 통합 노출 연구가 필요하다. 카드뮴과 납은 각각 신장 독성과 인지 장애 등 다양한 독성을 나타낼 수 있으며 또한 발암 물질로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 카드뮴과 납의 노출량 추정 및 통합 위해성 평가를 진행하였다. 2016, 2017년의 7기 국민건강 영양조사에 참여한 10,733명의 식품, 물, 흡연과 간접흡연, 호흡, 화장품, 여성용 위생용품을 통한 중금속 노출 추정량을 계산하였다. 결과적으로 카드뮴과 납 모두 식품을 통한 노출이 제일 높게 나타났다. 이외에도 흡연은 카드뮴의 주요한 노출원이었으며, 납은 화장품을 통해 높은 농도로 노출되었다. 통합 위해평가에서도 식품이 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 지역적 특성의 차이는 노출 추정량의 차이를 보이지 못하였으나, 연령 별, 성별 간 노출 추정량은 큰 차이를 보였다. 특히, 월경 중인 성인 여성의 경우 카드뮴, 월경 중이지 않은 여성은 납의 노출 추정량이 더 높으며 신체 대사를 고려하였을 때, 그 위험성이 더 클 수 있음을 암시하였다. 결론적으로 노출량 추정 및 통합 위해평가 모두 식품이 주요 노출원이었다. 다만, 잠재적 위험을 방지하기 위해 다른 경로에 대한 노출량 추정 및 위해평가가 요구된다.

최근 인천, 부산 등 지자체를 중심으로 해사법원의 설치에 대해 논의 중이다. 본 연구의 목적은 통합 ELECTRE-CRITIC-ISM기법 기반 해양사고 발생건수를 이용하여 해사법원의 설치 우선순위 평가 모델을 개발하고, 우리나라 해사법원의 설치에 적용하여 유용성을 확인하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 31개의 무역항 중에서 해양사고 데이터가 통합 관리되는 9개의 무역항을 제외한 22개의 무역항을 대상으로 6개의 고등법원 관할에 매칭하였다. 두번째는 CRITIC법은 평가항목인 5년간의 해양사고 발생건수에 대하여 중요도를 산정하고 ELECTRE법과 결합하기 위해 이용되었다. 마지막으로 ELECTRE&ISM법은 해양사고 발생건수의 변동 폭을 고려한 고등법원 간 선호도 및 비선호도를 분석하고 우선순위를 평가하기 위해 이용되었다. 해양사고 발생건수의 변동 폭을 중간으로 고려하여 최종순위를 평가한 결과 부산고등법원이 1위, 광주고등법원은 2위, 서울고등법원 3위, 대전 및 대구고등법원은 4위, 수원고등법원은 6위로 우선순위가 높게 나타났다. 따라서 부산고등법원에 해사법원의 우선설치가 필요하다.

본 연구는 3개의 종돈회사가 보유하고 있는 6곳의 GGP 농장에서 분만한 Yorkshire종의 번식기록을 이용하여 농장과 산차간의 상호작용효과를 구명하는데 있다. 총산자수와 생존산자수의 평균은 각각 13.4±3.6두와 12.5±3.4두였으며, LSO와 LDO의 평균 세대간격은 각각 17.5개월과 22.0개월로 추정되었다. 산차별 총산자수 기록의 분포는 A(10), B(21), C(30) 그룹과 B(20), B(22), C(31) 그룹에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었으며, 농장×산차의 상호작용효과는 고도의 유의차(P < 0.01)가 인정되었다. Model Ⅱ에서 추정된 유전력과 반복력은 총산자수에서 각각 0.13과 0.21, 생존산자수에서 각각 0.11과 0.19로 나타났다. 총산자수의 육종가를 이용하여 선발된 분만 기록이 있는 개체의 top 1% 비율은 ModelⅠ에서 A(10)농장이 67.4%로 가장 높았고 B(20), C(30), B(21)순이었으나, ModelⅡ에서 B(22)농장이 35.8%로 가장 높았고, B(20) 34.7%, B(21) 12.6%순이었다. 총산자수의 육종가를 이용하여 선발된 자손의 기록이 있는 씨수퇘지들의 top 1% 비율은 ModelⅠ에서 A(10)농장이 55.6%로 가장 높았으나 ModelⅡ에서 C(31)농장이 33.3%로 가장 높았고 B(20)과 B(21) 22.2%순이었다.

Le but de cette étude est de suggérer un échantillon d’ensembles d’outils de test pour évaluer l’évaluation basée sur les performances des tâches dans l’enseignement intégratif de la langue et de la culture françaises. À cette fin, cette étude a analysé les caractéristiques de l’évaluation basée sur la performance des tâches, la compétence communicative de Hymes, Canale, Swain et, Bachman et la compétence culturelle. En outre, cette étude a examiné les compétences de l’apprenant/utilisateur fournies par le Cadre européen commun de référence. Les résultats montrent: 1) les critères d’évaluation: compétence linguistique(connaissance du système linguistique, compétence du discours, compétence sociolinguistique), compétence culturelle(connaissance culturelle, attitude, compétence), compétence d’exécution de la tâche(connaissance procédurale, compétence d’exécution, compétence stratégique), 2) sous-catégorie et construction, et 3) auto-évaluation et évaluation par les pairs.

For economic evaluation of integrated operation to sewage facilities, benefit-cost analysis was performed to watershed sewage works project in 7 watershed areas, 156 facilities. In this study, the cost before and after integrated operation was compared and benefits are calculated from the reduction of operators, increasement treated pollution loads, reduction cost through operation convenience, reduction water consumption through effluent reuse, and improvement of life benefit. The result showed that cost was 8,500million won and benefit was 16,747million won, so benefit was 49% higher than cost. B/C analysis result showed that B/C ratio was 1.97 and it is similar to other researches. The benefits of integrated operation included convenience of data management, increase of emergency response, decrease of complains with sewage which was not reflected numerically, so the benefits of integrated operation were expected much greater than this result.

The main point of this study is to find out duplicates and differences among various regulations from different organizations. Also, it focuses on creating a reasonably unified regulation system to standardize safety & environment management. In this study, I analyzed the commonalities and the differences of two systems which are typical korean Process Safety Management System and off-site Consequence Analysis. It is confirmed that there are 25 species of overlapped material of those two systems and assessment like handling material information, facilities lists, hazardous substances and list of machine power. Process safety report focuses on onsite workers and facility protect. On the other hand, off-site Consequence Analysis focuses on design, arrangement and management of handling facility from off-site influence. I found difference two system of Enforcement purposes and way. Contradiction of Harmful information of Chemicals Control Act and occupation safety and health acts from same material. To be specific, There are no unit rule of occupation safety and health acts. so it permit inch, psi etc. But Chemicals Control Act provides that m, Mpa units. Therefore, Each regulatory duplication of items for chemicals management, standardization is writing so that you can coordinate overlapping items in the measures the need to be presented.

The integrative approach for ecological stream health assessments was applied to a stream ecosystem using a multi-level organization from molecular level of biomarkers to community levels of bioindicators along with analysis of physical and chemical stressors. Water quality parameters of BOD, COD, TN, and TP etc were measured and physical habitat health, based on Qualitative habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) model were analyzed. Also, Ecological stream health model, based on index of biological integrity (IBI) by fish assemblage, was developed for regional assessments and then applied to the stream. Six metric attributes of original 11 metrics were modified for a development of the model. Biomarkers of comet assay, blood chemistry, physiological parameters, and bioindicators such as organismal-, population-, community- level parameters were evaluated in this study along with eco-toxicity tests. Some stations impaired (stressed) in terms of stream health were identified by the IBI approach and also major key stressors affecting the health were identified using BOD, TN, TP, physical habitat evaluation, and eco-toxicity tests. The assessment approach of integrative ecological stream health would be used as a key tool for ecological restorations and species conservations in the degraded stream ecosystems and applied for elucidating major causes of ecological disturbances. Ultimately, this approach provides us an effective management strategy of stream ecosystems through establishments of ecological networks in various watersheds. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2013R1A1A4A01012939).

This study was carried out to recommend the recycling technology from the organic wastes generated in the neighborhood of a dam in Kroea. The order of production of the organic wastes without the suspended materials and energy corps are Chungju-dam(649.9 ton/day), Daechung-dam(525.1ton/day), Hapcheon-dam(485ton/day), Namgang-dam(478ton/day), and Soyang-dam(246.4ton/day). Because livestock excretions and nightsoil were composed of 72 to 93% of the total organic wastes, they should be proferly reflected in the plan of recycling. It was investigated that the biodegradability was 40~80%, biogas production, 0.22~1.70m3/kg VS, methan production, 0.15~1.07m3/kg VS, and methan contents, 63~79%, respectively, in case of the livestock excretions, which constituted over than 50% of organic wastes. Therefore, the appropriate technology for the recycling of organic wastes can be considered anaerobic co-digestion; this technology can create high added value because of using the fuel for new regeneration enery. SCFMR(Semi-Continuously Fed and Mixed Reactor) for an anaerobic digestion reactor was suited for the treatment of organic wastes because the retention time was relatively constant, compared to CSTR(Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), power consumption was small, and operation and management of reactor was easy and economical.

월성원자력환경센터 중저준위방사성폐기물 처분시설은 서로 다른 방식의 처분시설이 혼재하고, 월성 원자력발전소와도 인 접해있다. 이와 같은 높은 복잡성으로 인해 처분시설 안전성 평가 시 보다 면밀한 현상이해가 필요하다. 기존 1단계 사일로 처분시설의 성능평가모델들에 포함된 불필요한 보수성을 줄이고 복합처분시설에 대한 보다 실제적인 성능을 파악하기 위해 서는 다차원 수리/핵종이동 모델이 필요하다. 이와 함께 향후 복합처분시스템의 특성에 기인한 다양한 불확실성을 관리하 고 파라미터의 중요도를 분석하기 위해 많은 계산이 필요할 것으로 예상하며, 이를 위해 보다 효율적인 성능평가 모델이 요 구된다. 본 논문에서는 두 요건을 충족시키기 위해 수리성능 모델과 핵종이동 모델을 연계한 2단계 천층처분시설의 근계영 역 2차원 통합성능평가 모델을 개발하였다. 수리 및 핵종이동은 PORFLOW와 GoldSim 전산 코드를 이용해 평가하였으며, GoldSim 핵종이동 모델은 PORFLOW 핵종이동 모델과의 벤치마크를 통해 검증하였다. GoldSim 모델은 계산효율이 뛰어났 으며 기존의 모델에 비해 핵종이동거동을 이해하는데 용이하였다.