상품가치를 상실한 장기저장 개체동결 굴에서 추출한 복합엑스분의 실용화를 목적으로 이를 주소재 로 제조한 굴소스의 정미성분과 향기성분을 분석하였다. 굴소스 시작품의 수분함량은 60.6%, 조단백 질 8.5%, 염도는 8.3%, 그리고 아미노질소 함량은 539.8mg/100g이었다. 굴소스 시작품의 유리아미 노산 총함량은 7,346.9mg/100g, 주요 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid가 3,799.1mg/100g으로 taurine, urea, proline, glycine 및 alanine 등의 순으로 함량이 많았으며, IMP도 131.6mg/100g 함 유되어 있었다. 굴소스 시작품의 가열향기 성분으로 총 76성분이 동정되었으며, 이들 성분을 group별 로 분류하면 benzaldehyde를 위주로 한 aldehyde류 5종, 1-(2-furanyl)-ethanone을 위주로 한 ketone류 5종, alkane류 6종, ethyl acetate를 위주로 한 ester류 14종, ethyl alcohol과 6-methyl heptanol을 위주로 한 alcohol류 12종, 2-furancarboxyaldehyde와 2-furanmethanol을 위주로 한 furan류 4종, d-limonene과 같은 aromatic compound류 3종, 2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine을 위주로 한 N-containing compound류 13종, hexadecanoic acid를 위주로 한 acid류 13종 및 miscellaneous compound류 1종으로 구성되어 있었다.

본 연구는 유화형 소시지와 유사한 향미성분을 갖는 저지방 소시지를 개발하기 위해 지방에서 유래하는 향미성분의 전구체인 아미노산과 당을 첨가하여 기존의 유화형 소시지와 유사한 향미를 갖는 저지방 소시지의 개발을 위해 실시하였다. 저지방 소시지에서 지방감소로 인한 향미성분의 변화는 당과 아미노산을 첨가함으로써 대부분의 향미성분이 유화형 소시지와 비슷한 농도를 보였으며, 그중 저지방 소시지에 포도당(glucose) 과 아미노산인 라이신(lysine)을 각각 0.1 M 첨가 시 유화형 소시지와 가장 유사한 성상의 향미성분을 나타내었다. 이에 저지방 소시지에 지방 전구체로서 glucose와 lysine의 첨가는 지방 저감에 따른 향미 특성 변화를 보완 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study analyzes flavor ingredients according to types of whisky and maturation periods based on total 40 different types of whisky that are mainly distributed to Korea via imports. Whisky was classified into four categories based on origin, and also into different categories based on maturity period, ingredients such as fusel alcohol, fatty acid, and fatty acid esters and proportion of patterns were analyzed. As a result of an analysis for fusel alcohol, high qualified types of alcohol including 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, iso-butanol, and 1-propanol were detected from all Scotch whiskys, America whiskys, and Canadian whiskys. In particular, the proportional sum of 3-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanol, and the sum of 3-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanol/iso-butanol were regarded as core factors to determine each type of whisky. Acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid increased as maturation and storage period became longer. As a result of the fatty acid and fatty acid ethyl ester analysis, the major fatty acids were dodecanoic acid and decanoic acid, both with detection of octanoic acid and hexanoic acid. However, dodecanoic acid, decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were lower than the detectable limit in American and Canadian whiskys, showing a unique phenomenon that hexanoic acid was detected only in very small amounts. Malt Scotch whisky showed higher significance than blended Scotch whisky, making it possible to classify types of whisky. Fatty acid ethyl ester contents showed significance with fatty acid either. In addition, changes in the whiskys based on maturation period were confirmed via proportions of fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters. In general, the proportion of fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters decreased as the storage period increased. This study provided basic data to classify types of whisky based on maturation periods by analyzing the proportion of flavor ingredients such as fusel alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid ethyl esters.

The changes of the color, texture and volatile flavor compounds of Yu-gwa were investigated that affected by the oxidation during storage to characteristic Yu-gwa quality. Among the proximate compositions, carbohydrate was the most abundant component, and followed by lipid and moisture. Although the change of the color showed different pattern by the packaging materials during the storage period, the value of yellowness(b) increased but that of lightness(L) decreased dramatically after 3 month storage. In the textural properties reported closely related with the moisture content, hardness was fairly affected on the period of the storage rather than the type of packaging materials. The flavor compounds of Yu-gwa were analyzed to evaluate the change of distinct volatile compounds during storage. Of the twenty one separated volatile compounds, major volatiles were aldehydes, alcohols and alkenes. The results also showed that polyethylene(PE) contained less volatiles than polypropylene(PP) by the oxidation process during storage.2,4-Decadienal was gradually increased with the period of the storage, whereas octane and furan were decreased. The results provided that the change of the flavor distribution during the storage, and also the possibility of the volatiles such as hexanal, nonanal and 2,4-decadienal as the indicator for the oxidation process.

십자화과 식물인 무(Raphanus sativus L.)의 어린싹(무순)이 독특한 향과 맛으로 소비가 증가하고 있는바 그 향기성분을 SDE(simultaneous steam djstillation/extraction) 법과 P&T(purge and cryogenic trapping)법으로 추출하여 비교, 분석하였다. 향기성분 포집시 SDE법에서는 diethyl ether 및 diethyl ether-pentane mixture(2:1, v/v)를 용매로 사용하고 P&T법에서는 diethyl ether를 사용하였다. GC와 GC-MS를 사용하여 동정한 결과 diethyl ether로 추출한 SDE법에서는 함황화합물(19종, 76.6%)이 주성분이었고, diethyl ether-pentane mixture로 추출한 경우 함황화합물(15종, 44.0%)과 탄화수소류(23종. 23.8%)가 주성분이었으며, P&T법으로 추출할 경우는 탄화수소류(25종, 84.1%)가 주성분이었다. 또한 신선한 무순의 주 향기성분은 hydrocarbon류인 n-heptane, methyl pentane이었으며, 익은 무순의 주 향기성분은sulfur compound에 속하며 무의 주성분이기도 한 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, methyl mercaptane. 2.3-dimethyl disulfide 등이었다. SDE법보다 P&T법에 의해 추출할 경우 향기성분의 종류와 상대적인 양은 적어 분리능은 떨어지는 편이나 저분자 휘발성 물질은 오히려 더 많이 검출되어 추출방법에 따라 포집되는 향기성분의 종류와 양에 차이가 있었다.

누룩에서 분리한 Rhizopus japonicus T2, Aspergillus oryzae L2 및 Hansenula sp. BC26을 밀기울에 접종 및 배양하여 제조한 개량누룩으로 양조한 탁주술덧과, 기존의 발효제인 시판누룩 및 쌀입국으로 양조한 탁주술덧의 중요 향미성분을 분석 비교하였다. 향기성분인 isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol 및 ethyl acetate의 함량은 개량누룩 술덧이 시판누룩 술덧이나 쌀입국 술덧보다 훨씬 높았다. 주된 유기산은 개량누룩 술덧은 젖산, 푸말산 및 호박산이었고, 시판누룩 술덧은 젖산 및 초산이었으며, 쌀입국 술덧은 구연산, 젖산 및 호박산이었다. 유기산의 총량은 시판누룩 술덧 5, 146 ㎎/L, 쌀입국 술덧 1, 706 ㎎/L, 개량누룩 술덧 1, 388 ㎎/L이었다. 주된 유리아미노산은 개량누룩 술덧은 glutamic acid, alanine, proline 및 histidine이었고, 시판누룩 술덧은 glutamic acid, proline, leucine 및 histidin이었으며, 쌀입국 술덧은 arginine, proline 및 glutamic acid이었다. 유리아미노산의 총량은 개량누룩 술덧 14, 090 ㎎/L, 시판누룩 술덧 12, 202 ㎎/L, 쌀입국 술덧 7, 152 ㎎/L이었다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 개량누룩 술덧이 기존 발효제의 술덧보다 좋은 것으로 생각되었다.

This study was carried out in order to investigate effective aroma components of Korean traditional soy sauce. Volatile aroma compounds were extracted by solvent extraction, TMS esterification of methyl acetate extracts and SDE, and analyzed by GC/MSD. 140 voltile aroma compounds were detected by three different extraction methods. Most abundant volatile compounds were acids and phenols and identified aldehydes, hydrocarbons, ketones, furans, furanone, alcohols, esters, nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds and thiazoles, too. In the analytical sensory evaluation of soy sauce aroma, there were significant differences between each soy sauce sample in all test item. To sum up, Sweet odor was high in Kyupjang. Nutty odor and traditional soy sauce odor were similarly high in Kyupjang and high concentration soy sauce. Kyupjang had high score in overall odor preference than Chungiangs. The result of multiple regression of soy sauce odor characteristics and gas chromatography pattern demonstrated that offensive and sour odor was affected by octadecanoic acid. Contributive compounds to sweet odor were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 3,6-dioxa-2,7-disilacotane. Benzoic acid 4-methyl ethyl ester and nonacotane were identified as major compounds of nutty odor. Contribu live variables of traditional soy sauce odor were benzoic acid 4-methyl ethyl ester and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. The main factors of odor preference were 3-methyl pentanoic acid, acetic acid, 2,6-dimethyl heptadecane and 3,6-dioxa-2,7-disilacotane.

솔 부추의 향기 성분을 dynamic head space 방법으로 정유 성분을 분리한 다음 GC 및 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 결과는 술피드류가 14종, 알코올이 2종류, 알데히드가 2종류, 푸란 1종류, 산 1종류 그리고 벤젠 1종류로 분석되었다.

Although rice has been cultivated as a major food crop for approximately 5,000 years, the interest of customers in ‘scented rice’ is a recent trend in the Korean market. As a part of developing a germinated scented rice variety, the newly bred scented rice variety ‘Cheonjihyang-1 se’ was germinated for 24 h, and changes in profiles of flavor-related volatiles, lipophilic phytonutrients, and fatty acids were investigated. The profiling of volatile compounds by using a headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) revealed a total of 56 odor-active flavoring compounds; 52 at the pre-germination stage, 51 at the post-germination stage, and 47 common at both stages. The major flavoring compounds were nonanol and benzene, which constituted 11.5% and 6.6%, respectively, of the total peak area in pre-germinated rice, and 19.4% and 6.5%, respectively, in post-germinated rice. Germination induced an increase in 13 flavoring compounds, including 3,3,5-trimethylheptane and 1-pentadecene, which increased by 763 and 513%, respectively by germination. However, we observed a germination-induced decrease in most of the other flavoring compounds. Especially, the most important scented rice-specific popcorn-flavoring compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, showed 89% decrease due to germination. Furthermore, the germination of scented rice induced a decrease in the content of various phytonutrients. For example, the total contents of phytosterols, squalene, and tocols decreased from 207.97, 31.74, and 25.32 μg g -1 at pre-germination stage down to 136.66, 25.12, and 17.76 μg g -1 , respectively at post-germination stage. The fatty acid compositions were also affected by germination. The composition of three major fatty acids, linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, increased from 36.6, 34.2, and 24.4%, respectively, at the pre-germination stage to 37.9, 36.9, and 20.7%, respectively, at the post-germination stage. All these results suggested significant changes in the flavor-related compounds and phytonutrients of the scented rice variety ‘Cheonjihyang-1 se’ during the process of germination, and subsequently the need for developing a more precise process of germination to enhance the flavor and nutritional quality of the germinated scented rice products.

This study was performed to verify the possibility of manufacturing a germinated aromatic rice tea, which was roasted at 200, 250, and 300℃ each for 10, 20, and 30 min. The roasted aromatic rice was analysed physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics and aromatic compounds. The total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the germinated aromatic rice increased as the roasting temperature and time increased. Total soluble solid contents, turbidity and browning index of the germinated aromatic rice tea also increased was the roasting temperature and roasting time increased. The pH did not change by roasting. The main aromatic components in roasted germinated aromatic rice tea were 2-methyl butanal, 3-methyl butanal, benzaldehyde and nonanal, which increased according to increasing temperature and time. However, those favorable aroma components were decreased at more than 300℃ of roasting temperature. In addition, methyl benzene, pentanol were increased which affect odor aroma. The sensory score of germinated aromatic rice tea also increased with high roasting temperature and time. However, aromatic rice roasted at a higher temperature (300℃) showed lower sensory score. Therefore roasting temperature and time must be controlled for manufactureing high quality of germinated aromatic rice tea, and the optimun roasting conditions were 250℃ and 30 min, which provide best physicochemical characteristics of aromatic rice tea.

유자의 부위별 주요 화학적 성분을 조사하기 위하여 ,일반성분, 무기질, 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산 및 향기성분 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 유자의 부위별 비율은 과피가 44.7%, 과육이 42.9% 및 씨가 12.4%로 나타났다. 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분은 과피가 과육에 비하여 더 높게 나타났으며, 수분, 탄수화물 및 가용성물질은 과육이 과피보다 높게 나타났다. 당은 과피에 6.2%, 과육에 9.8% 이며 과피는 과당이 3.3%

전자코를 이용하여 향미품종에 대한 방향성 성분함량비율을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작용기별로는 polar compound계열과 aldehydes compounds계열이 apolar compounds 계열과 sulphur compounds, aminated com-pounds계열에 비해 약 3배정도 높은 함량 비율을 보였다. 2. 백미와 취반상태에 있어서 방향성 성분 함량변화는 대부분 0.02에서 0.1수준으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 찰성을 가진 밀양 14006의 경우는 취반 상태에서 방향성 성분의 함량이 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3. 향기와 amylose함량 관계에서는 Japonica와 Indica계열 모두 아밀로스함량이 높을수록 방향성 성분의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4. Headspace 진행 후 센서에 감지되는 시간대는 대부분의 품종에서 30～35초에서 가장 많은 향기성분의 양을 검출할 수 있었으나, 이리 41003의 경우는 방향성성분의 검출이 30초대 이후에 급격히 감소하였다.