In this study, project information of government-funded research institute in the food field was collected and analyzed to systematically identify the factors affecting the process of transferring technological achievements of public research institute to the private sector. This study hypothesized that human resources, financial resources, and technological characteristics as input factors of R&D projects affect output factors, such as research papers or patents produced by R&D projects. Moreover, these outputs would serve as drivers of the technology transfer as one of the R&D outcomes. Linear Regression Analysis and Poisson Regression Analysis were conducted to empirically and sequentially investigate the relationship between input factors and output and outcome of R&D projects and the results are as follows: First, the principle investigator's career and participating researcher's size as human resource factors have an influence on both the number of SCI (science citation index) papers and patent registration. Second, the research duration and research expenses for the current year have an influence on the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, which are the main outputs of R&D projects. Third, the technology life cycle affects the number of SCI papers and patent registrations. Lastly, the higher the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, the more it affected the number of technology transfers and the amount of technology transfer contract.

In this study, we propose a novel approach to analyze big data related to patents in the field of smart factories, utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling method and the generative artificial intelligence technology, ChatGPT. Our method includes extracting valuable insights from a large data-set of associated patents using LDA to identify latent topics and their corresponding patent documents. Additionally, we validate the suitability of the topics generated using generative AI technology and review the results with domain experts. We also employ the powerful big data analysis tool, KNIME, to preprocess and visualize the patent data, facilitating a better understanding of the global patent landscape and enabling a comparative analysis with the domestic patent environment. In order to explore quantitative and qualitative comparative advantages at this juncture, we have selected six indicators for conducting a quantitative analysis. Consequently, our approach allows us to explore the distinctive characteristics and investment directions of individual countries in the context of research and development and commercialization, based on a global-scale patent analysis in the field of smart factories. We anticipate that our findings, based on the analysis of global patent data in the field of smart factories, will serve as vital guidance for determining individual countries' directions in research and development investment. Furthermore, we propose a novel utilization of GhatGPT as a tool for validating the suitability of selected topics for policy makers who must choose topics across various scientific and technological domains.

The purpose of this study is to analyze 118 studies in the field of Korean presentation education conducted between 2005 and January 2023 and to provide insight into the future direction of research in this area. The study utilized Topic modeling and direct researcher analysis methods to examine Korean presentation education research materials. The analysis revealed a steady increase in research on Korean presentation education, with high frequency keywords such as ‘academic’, ‘purpose’, ‘discourse’, and ‘class’ indicating that research has been conducted on these topics. Furthermore, the Topic modeling analysis revealed that many studies have focused on ‘study on the analysis of aspects and the use of strategies in presentation discourse’ and ‘study on the use of presentation classes by learners’, particularly for Chinese native learners. In terms of research methods, the analysis conducted through direct researcher analysis showed that the most common methods used were ‘dialogue analysis’ and ‘survey research’, and single research methods were utilized more frequently than mixed methods. Based on these findings, this study suggests that future research should focus on Korean presentation education for language learners with various purposes and employ a variety of research methods.

In the last five decades, there has been a consistent decline in the total catch of fisheries in the Korean jurisdiction since the peak in 1986. The decline in catch slowed and slightly rebounded in the 2000s, but changed back to a decline in the 2010s. As indicators that can identify changes in the marine ecosystem, trophic level (TL), biodiversity index (H'), and the ratio between pelagic fish and demersal fish (P/D) were analyzed by each local marine ecosystem. There were some different changes in each local marine ecosystem, but the mean TL and H' decreased and P/D increased in general in Korean waters. Demersal fish, which were dominant in the 1970s and 1980s, declined, and small pelagic fish and cephalopods have dominantly changed since the 1990s. However, these changes are not simple, and they are fluctuating in complex ways relating to each marine ecosystem and the timing. It is believed that changes in marine ecosystems in Korean waters are likely caused by a combination of fisheries and climate change. The ecosystem indicators reflected a change in the total catch, a sharp drop in catch of demersal fish, and increasing catch of pelagic fish since the mid-1980s.

막대한 예산이 투입되는 국가연구를 기획·관리·확산하는 연구관리 담당자들은 매우 중요한 인력이나, 역할에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 연구관리 전문기관 담당자에게 필요한 역량요소를 도출하고 역량의 중요도를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 4가 지 주요요인과 16개의 하위요인을 도출하였고, AHP 기법을 기반으로 설문조사(연구관리 담 당자와 연구자 90명 대상)를 추진하여 우선순위를 도출하였다. 전체 응답자 기준으로 역량의 중요도는 협력적 태도, 소통능력, 연구지식, 목표관리능력과 신의성실 순으로 확인되었으나, 담당자의 경우, 업무와 관련한 역량(규정지식, 판단능력, 정책지식)이 중요하다고 보는 반면, 연구자들의 경우 자신들을 보다 더 지원해 줄 수 있는 역량(협력적 태도, 소통능력)을 보다 더 중시하는 시각차를 볼 수 있었다. 이번 연구는 전문기관 연구관리 담당자의 채용과 역량 개발에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the domestic studies on spiritual health to confirm research trends and present future direction. Methods: This study adopts the scoping review method, which comprises six stages: 1) identify the initial research question; 2) identify the relevant studies; 3) study selection; 4) “charting” the data; 5) collate, summarize, and report the results; and 6) optional consultation. An analysis of 372 research works between 1980 and 2022 was carried out. Results: Among the 372 studies reviewed, 218 were on nursing. The most frequently used study design was survey-correlational. The majority of study participants were patients and nursing students. The main research topic was spiritual well-being. In interventional research, the most frequently used program was spiritual care and spiritual care education. In the survey-correlational study, the variable of spiritual health had a positive relation with quality of life and mental health and a negative relation with depression and anxiety. The main instrument used for measuring variables was Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being scale. Conclusion: The domestic research about spiritual health needs to utilize a variety of approaches, including tool development studies suitable for the Korean people, qualitative studies, systemic reviews and meta-analyses on spiritual health promotion program, typifying variables related to spiritual health.

이 글은 1910년 에든버러 세계 선교대회에서 시작된 세계 선교 및 전도위원회 (CWME)와 2013년 세계 교회 협의회 (WCC) 부산총회 까지 1세기 동안의 선교와 선교학에 대한 검토를 다룬다. 이 글은 CWM(E)와 WCC 총회의 진행 과정에서 “순종의 의무로서 선교”의 진화에 초점을 맞춘다. 서구 시각에서 본, 지난 100년 동안 교회의 선교 (Missio Ecclesiae)가 하나님의 선교 (Missio Dei)로 발전하며 인류의 선교 (Missio hominum)가 보완된 과정을 탐구한다. 이 글은 파괴된 세상을 구원해야 하는 문제에 대한 선교학적 신학적 패러다임 변화를 확인한다. 세계가 선교의 의제를 제공하기 때문에 ‘교회의 선교’, ‘하나님의 선교’, 그리고 ‘인류의 선교’가 모두 필요하며 상호 연결되어 있으며, 상호 협력과 창조적인 긴장을 통해 순종의 의무로서 실현되어야 한다는 것을 확인한다.

본 연구는 예술성과 대중성을 모두 갖고 있는 뮤지션인 더 위켄드의 작품분석을 통한 음악적 특징을 알아보기 위해 시작되었다. 그리하여 더 위켄드의 음악 중 빌보드 Hot 100 차트에서 1위를 달성하였던 작품 5곡을 선정하여 연구해 보았다. <Can’t Feel My Face>, <The Hills>, <Starboy>, <Blinding Lights>, <Save Your Tears> 총 5곡을 모두 동일한 방식으로 분석하였고 결론을 도출하 였다. 첫째, 코드 진행 측면에서 바라봤을 때 반복적이다. 대부분 4개의 코드 진행이 곡의 초반부 터 계속해서 반복되어 다양한 테마를 취하기보단 일관된 테마를 유지하였다. 일관된 테마를 갖는 곡은 청자가 음악에 쉽게 익숙해지도록 하는 이점이 있다. 둘째, 리듬 측면에서 바라봤을 때 음악 전체적으로 통일된 리듬감을 갖는다. 통일된 리듬감이 주는 이점은 청자가 곡의 리듬을 빠르게 익힐 수 있다. 셋째, 장르 및 편곡적인 측면에서 바라봤을 때 레트로한 요소가 많이 활용되었다. 80년대 유행했던 신스팝 장르 및 그 당시 사용되었던 FM 신시사이저의 사운드가 적극적으로 사용 되었다. 더불어 과거의 유행하던 사운드나 요소를 단순히 사용하는 데 그치지 않고 현시대의 유행 하는 음악에 잘 녹여내는 모습도 보여주었다.

The objective of this study is to analyze the difference between the theoretically calculated torque values of lead screws used in vehicle seat rails and the required torque values due to various disturbances that occur in actual systems. Lead screws were classified into square and trapezoidal threads and modeled by two lead type. Dynamic analysis models were constructed by applying contact conditions and rotational joints between the lead screw and nut. The validity of the dynamic model was verified by comparing the torque values obtained from rigid body dynamic analysis with the theoretically calculated torque values. Then, the lead screw was modeled as a flexible body to investigate the torque variation required for the lead screw when dynamic loads are considered. This study will help predict the actual torque values of lead screws for seat rails.

러-우전쟁은 장기전으로 전환하여 지리한 소모전을 수행하고 있다. 전 쟁을 예방하기 위해서는 전쟁의 원인을 연구하여 전쟁의 발생을 억제하 고 전쟁 발발의 가능성을 최소화하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 러-우전쟁을 전쟁원인이론의 3가지 수준별 분석을 중심으로 연구하여 전쟁 의 원인과 한반도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 분석 결과 러-우전쟁 은 인간적, 국가적, 국제체제적 수준에서 발발할 수 밖에 없었다는 결론 을 도출할 수 있었다. 또한 전쟁의 3가지 수준별 분석의 상호관계를 분 석하여 국제체제적 수준이 인간적, 국가적 수준의 발발원인에 영향을 미 치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 러-우전쟁의 영향은 동북아의 및 한반도 에 미치는 영향도 지대하다. 첫째, 우크라이나의 장기전 전환은 미국의 대선 국면에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 높다. 또한 최근의 한미일 안보협력 에 대응해 북중러의 안보협력을 강화할 수 있다. 둘째, 북러의 실질적인 군사협력으로 북한은 러시아로부터 취약한 첨단 군사기술을 전수받을 수 있다. 셋째, 북한의 위상 강화로 미국의 대선국면과 맞물려 핵실험 등 도 발을 해올 수 있다. 이에 대한 대비가 요구되는 상황이다.

PURPOSES : This study investigates the factors affecting extra-long tunnel accidents by integrating data on tunnel geometry, traffic flow, and traffic accidents and derives the underlying implications to mitigate the severity of accidents. METHODS : Two processes centered on three key data points (tunnel geometry, traffic flow, and traffic accidents) were used in this study. The first is to analyze the spatial characteristics of extra-long tunnel traffic accidents and categorize them from multiple perspectives. The other was to investigate the factors affecting extra-long tunnel traffic accidents using the equivalent property-damage-only (EPDO) of individual accidents and the aforementioned data as the dependent and independent variables, respectively, by employing an ordered logistic regression model. RESULTS : Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Gangwon-do are three metropolitan municipalities that have a significant number of extra-long tunnel accidents; Busan and Seoul have the most extra-long tunnel accidents, accounting for 23.2% (422 accidents) and 18.6% (339 accidents) of the 1,821 accidents that occurred from 2007 to 2020, respectively. In addition, approximately 70% of extra-long tunnel traffic accidents occurred along tunnels with lengths of less than 2 km, and Seoul and Busan accounted for over 60% of the top 20 extra-long tunnels with accidents. Most importantly, the Hwangryeong (down) tunnel in Busan experienced the most extra-long tunnel traffic accidents, with 77 accidents occurring during the same period. As a result of the ordered logistic regression modeling with EPDO and multiple independent variables, the significant factors affecting the severity of extra-long tunnel traffic accidents were determined to be road type (freeway, local route, and metropolitan city road), traffic flow (speed), accident time (year, summer, weekend, and afternoon), accident type (rear end), traffic law violations (safe distance violation and center line violation), and offending vehicles (van, sedan, and truck). CONCLUSIONS : Based on these results, the following measures and implications for mitigating the severity of extra-long tunnel traffic accidents must be considered: upgrading the emergency response level of all road types to that of freeways and actively promoting techniques for regulating high-speed vehicles approaching and traversing within extra-long tunnels are necessary. In addition, the emergency response and preparation system should be reinforced, particularly when the damage from extra-long tunnel traffic accidents is more serious, such as during the summer, weekends, and afternoons. Finally, traffic law violations such as safe distance and centerline violations in extra-long tunnels should be prohibited.

본 연구는 크리스천 아동, 부모, 교사의 리더십에 관한 국내 연구동향을 살펴 봄으로써 향후 크리스천 아동, 부모, 교사의 리더십 연구의 발전 방향을 제시하 는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구의 객관성과 타당성의 확보를 위해 공동연구자 이외에 크리스천 리더십 전문가 3인을 포함하여 5인으로 평정 집단을 구성했으 며 평정 절차를 거쳐 총 36편의 분석 대상 논문을 선정했다. 크리스천 아동의 리더십 연구는 주로 섬김의 리더십을 주제로 청소년을 대상 으로 한 연구가 많이 수행되었고, 다양한 연구방법 접근 시도가 있었다. 크리스 천 부모의 리더십 연구는 대부분 부모 교육 연구에서 이뤄졌으며, 프로그램 개 발 연구는 소수의 연구에 그쳤다. 크리스천 교사의 리더십 연구는 다른 리더십 연구에 비해 많은 비중을 차지했으나 대부분 섬김의 리더십과 변혁적 리더십으 로 제한적이었으며, 이론적 탐색 연구에 그쳤다. 향후 크리스천 아동, 부모, 교사의 리더십에 관한 연구를 위한 제언은 3가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 이론적 측면에서 크리스천 아동, 부모, 교사의 리더십에 관한 연 구의 학문적 체계화를 위한 이론 구축이 필요하다. 둘째, 방법론적 측면에서 크리 스천 아동, 부모, 교사의 리더십에 관한 프로그램 및 척도개발이 수행 되어야하며 질적연구를 통한 다각도의 접근이 필요하다. 셋째, 실천적 측면에서 크리스천 아 동, 부모, 교사의 리더십 개발 및 확장, 보급을 위한 코칭 접근을 제언한다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the common performance of asphalt pavements, determine the timing of preventive maintenance, and determine the optimal timing of application of the preventive maintenance methods by analyzing PMS data. METHODS : Using PMS data on asphalt pavement performance on highways, we derived the major damage factors and evaluated them according to the public period and traffic level. Among the factors evaluated, we determined those that could be improved by preventive maintenance, calculated the amount of change annually, and derived the timing of the application of the preventive maintenance method through correlation analysis. RESULTS : Among highway PMS data factors, crack variation was found to affect preventive maintenance, which increased rapidly after five years of performance. Traffic analysis showed that changes increased rapidly in the fifth, sixth, and seventh years when AADT exceeded 20,000, exceeded 10,000, and was under 10,000, respectively. Analysis of the amount of crack variation according to the pavement type showed that crack variation increased rapidly in the overlay section compared to the general AP section. CONCLUSIONS : Crack variation is the performance factor that was expected to be effective in preventive maintenance, and the PMS data showed that the initial application time of the preventive maintenance method varied by one year, depending on the traffic volume.

This study was conducted to examine the architectural characteristics of Hak-seong Lee Family's Geun-jae-gong Historic House located in Seok-cheon-ri, Ung-chon-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan. The house is said to have been rebuilt in the early 20th century after it was built in the 18th century, and now there are nine buildings left, including the An-chae, Sa-rang-chae, Sa-dang, storehouses and etc. This house is a large-scale house that is difficult to find similar cases in near region. The division of areas on each building is clear, and it is evaluated that it retains the typical characteristics of the head family in the late Joseon Dynasty in terms of its overall size and layout. In addition, the current wooden structure, which is said to have been rebuilt in the early 20th century, shows the composition method and space utilization method of the 3-Dori type upper structure, which have become more diverse since the late Joseon Dynasty. This has not been dealt with in the previous survey, and should be considered in detail through this paper.

Recently, the market competition has been fiercer due to the acceleration of technological change and the launch of intelligent products. In this situation, technology cooperation activities through networks rather than independent technological innovation activities of a single company or institution are recognized as a crucial strategy to gain competitiveness. Technology cooperation can take various forms depending on the target technology, and researchers have conducted performance analyses of technology cooperation types. However, there have not been data-based quantitative studies on the types and trends of technology cooperation for the target technology. In this paper, we explored the difference between the technology cooperation types by technology and time using the formal concept analysis method and co-patent information. In particular, the proposed methodology has been verified through the case study of electric vehicles, and it is intended to suggest the direction of technological cooperation according to specific technologies and cooperation targets in the future

우리나라 해양환경에 유출되는 위험·유해물질(Hazardous Noxious Substances, HNS)의 해양환경 및 사회환경 영향평가 결과 와 HNS 확산 영역, 해양환경 정보, HNS 실태조사 결과 등 관련 연구 결과 및 자료를 정책결정자와 연구자들에게 공유할 수 있는 HNS 국내 용 플랫폼을 구축하고자 한다. 국내의 HNS 관리 및 배출 체계 마련을 위한 의사결정 지원이 가능하고 국내 실정에 적합한 플랫폼의 설계 를 위하여 유해물질의 데이터 관리 및 유출 시 대응 도구, 기초적인 정보 등 플랫폼에 관련된 기술동향을 분석하는 등 국내·외의 플랫폼 개발 사례를 고찰하였다. 유속 벡터의 전처리 기능 개발, 전처리 결과에 따른 동적 시각화 구현, 해양산업시설 배출 HNS의 유출량과 유출 범위의 전처리 모듈, HNS 해양환경 영향평가 연산 모듈 프로토타입을 개발하였다. HNS 해양환경 영향평가를 위한 국내용 HNS 플랫폼은 초기 위해성을 평가하고 대응 및 관련 법제화 시 과학적인 기초 도구로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.