본 연구는 식용으로 사용하는 곰취의 국내 산지별(태백, 정선, 양구, 평창, 인제) 항산화 효과를 평가하고, 곰취의 유효성분 분리를 통해 항산화 효능평가를 수행함으로써 산 지별 곰취의 항산화 효능에 대한 탐색 및 소재 개발 가능 성을 검토하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 인제산 곰취 50% EtOH 추출물의 농도에 따라 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 ABTS 라디칼 소거능이 각각 71.77%, 98.95%로 높은 항 산화 활성이 관찰되었다. 또한, ORAC activity assay kit를 이용한 항산화 활성 측정 결과에서도 인제산 곰취 50% EtOH 추출물의 농도에 따라 높은 항산화 활성이 관찰되었 고, 100 μg/mL의 농도에서 290.19±5.79 μM TE/g으로 높 은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 산지별 가운데 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 보인 인제산 곰취 50% EtOH 추출물로부 터 유효물질 5개(chlorogenic acid (1), neochlorogenic acid (2), isochlorogenic acid A (3), isochlorogenic acid B (4), isochlorogenic acid C (5))를 분리하여 곰취 compound의 항산화 활성을 분석한 결과, 인제산 곰취 50% EtOH 추출 물과 유사하게 compound 4, 5 (isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C)의 농도에 따라 높은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능(89.76%, 92.72%)과 ABTS 라디칼 소거능(99.09%,98.95%)이 관찰되었고, ORAC assay에서도 compound 4, 5에서 각각 362.56±5.91 μM TE/g, 362.35±1.92 μM TE/g 으로 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 산지별 곰취 50% EtOH 추출물 가운데 인제산 추출물이 높 은 항산화 활성을 보유하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러 한 인제산 곰취 추출물에는 높은 항산화 활성 성분(compound 4: isochlorogenic acid B, compound 5: isochlorogenic acid C)이 함유되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과는 식용으로 사용되고 있는 곰취의 항산화 활성을 보유한 기 능성 소재로서의 활용을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-obesity activity of ethanol extracts from fermented Arctium lappa L. Arctium lappa fermented twice with Phellinus linteus (2nd FA) showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity than non-fermented Arctium lappa (NFA), and Arctium lappa fermented once (1st FA) at a concentration of 62.5 ppm. The 2nd FA showed the highest level of ABTS radical scavenging activity at concentration range of 31.5~125 ppm. The ABTS free radical scavenging activities of 1st FA and 2nd FA were similar to that of BHA, a synthetic antioxidant, at a concentration of 250 ppm. The total polyphenol content of 2nd FA was higher than those of NFA and 1st FA. The flavonoid content was significantly increased in 1st FA and 2nd FA than NFA. During adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was significantly decreased in the order of NFA, 1st FA, and 2nd FA at all concentrations. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anti-obesity activities of A. lappa were increased depending on the degree of fermentation. It is suggested that fermented Arctium lappa, especially 2nd FA, could be used as a natural ingredient for functional foods and medicine.

This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Cibotium barometz in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose 45㎎/㎏.b.w. dissolved in citrate buffer(pH4.5). The ethanol extract of Cibotium barometz was orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol were significantly decreased(p<0.05) in Cibotium barometz treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, The content of glutathione(GSH) and activity of gluthathione-s-transferase(GST) were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Cibotium barometz treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. andactivityes of catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidae(GSH-Px) were signiicantly decreased (P<0.05) in Cibotium barometz treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. Also the content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH)and glucokinase(GK) were significamtly increased(p<0.05), but activity of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) was significamtly decreased (p<0.05) in Cibotium barometz treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. These results indicated that ethanol extract of Cibotium barometz would have antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was carried out to investigate the biological activity of ethanol extracts from fermented Opuntia humifusa with 3 different mushroom mycelia: Phellinus linteus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. Fermented Opuntia humifusa by Phellinus linteus (FOP) and Lentinula edodes (FOL) showed more DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than non-fermented Opuntia humifusa (NFO) and fermented Opuntia humifusa by Pleurotus ostreatus (FOPO). At a concentration of 250 ppm, the ABTS radical scavenging activities of the FOP and FOL were similar to that of BHA, a synthetic antioxidant. The total polyphenol content had a similar tendency to that of the radical scavenging activity. However, the flavonoid content was increased in the order of NFO, FOL, FOPO, and FOP. At all concentrations, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of FOP and FOPO were significantly higher than that of kojic acid. During adipocyte differentiation, NFO and FOL showed no significant difference in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. FOP and FOPO showed a higher fat accumulation inhibitory effect than NFO and FOL. These results provide baseline data for Opuntia humifusa as a novel functional food.

본 연구는 흰 민들레의 기능성 식의약품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여, 흰 민들레 꽃, 잎, 뿌리의 부위별 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 항산화 활성 및 암세포에 대 한 세포독성 효과를 분석하였다. 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추 출조건에 따른 추출수율은 꽃, 잎, 뿌리가 각각 32.15±3.21%, 31.63±0.63%, 27.48±2.47%로서, 꽃 > 잎 > 뿌리의 순으로 나 타났다. 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출물에서의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 꽃 추출물에서 61.29±2.11 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타 났으며, 그 다음이 잎(43.52±2.34 mg/g), 뿌리(11.36±1.87 mg/g) 순으로 나타났다. 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출물에서의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 같은 경향으로 꽃 (46.11±1.88 mg/g), 잎(24.89±1.20 mg/g), 뿌리(6.31±1.22 mg/g) 의 순으로 각각 나타났다. DPPH 라디컬 소거활성으로 분석 한 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출물의 전자공여능은 추출물 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며, 꽃, 잎 및 뿌리 에탄올 추출물 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 각각 89.99±2.83%, 85.29±2.22%, 37.88± 2.34%로 꽃 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 DPPH 라디컬 소거능 과 관련이 있음을 보여주었다. MTT법에 의한 흰 민들레 부 위별 에탄올 추출물 400 mg/kg 첨가시 위암 세포주(AGS), 폐 암 세포주(A-549) 및 대장암 세포주(HCT-116)에 대한 세포독 성 효과를 확인한 결과, 위암 세포주(AGS)에서 꽃(62.85± 4.63%), 잎(47.83±4.22%), 뿌리(4.73±0.89%)의 순으로, 대장암 세포주(HCT-116)에서 꽃(69.89±3.44%), 잎(54.14±2.82%), 뿌 리(9.42±1.11%)의 순으로, 폐암 세포주(A-549)에서 꽃(85.72± 4.17%), 잎(71.79±2.98%), 뿌리(19.10±2.04%)의 순으로 모든 암 세포주들에 대하여 꽃 부위 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높았으 며, 뿌리에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 모두 농도 의존적 으로 항암활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과, 국내에서 재배되고 있는 흰 민들레는 향후 기능성 식의약품 소재로서의 이용에 있어 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Streptozotocin(STZ)으로 유도된 당뇨 흰쥐에게 연교의 에탄올 추출물을 1일 1회 7일간 1,000㎎/㎏.b.w의 용량으로 투여 후 glucose함량과 이에 관여하는 효소(glucokinase(GK), glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH)활성과 glycogen 함량, triglyceride(T.G), total cholesterol등의 지질대사에 관여하는 물질들의 함량을 측정한 결과 연교 에탄올 추출물 투여군이 glucose, T.G, total cholesterol 등의 함량과 G-6-Pase 활성이 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으며 glycogen 함량과 GK의 활성이 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 연교 에탄올 추출물을 1,000㎎/㎏.b.w을 당뇨 흰쥐에게 투여한 결과 혈당저하, 지질대사의 개선 효과를 갖는 유효성분을 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

최근 식품에 첨가하는 합성 항산화제가 생체효소의 활성을 억제하고, 암을 유발시키는 등의 안정성에 문제가 되는 것으로 보고되면서 천연 식물자원으로부터의 항산화 물질을 개발하고자 하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 느릅나무의 껍질인 유근피는 항산화 효과가 매우 우수한 것으로 보고되고 있어서, 천연 항산화제로 유근피 에탄올 추출물을 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%로 약과에 첨가하여 합성 항산화제인 BHT와 천연 항산화제인 L-ascorbic acid를 0.02%로 첨가한 약과와 저장기간에 따른 품질특성과 지질산패 정도를 비교하였다. 유근피의 첨가량이 증가할수록 산패취와 경도는 감소하였고, 반면에 수분활성도, 팽화도, 관능평가 등은 증가하였다. 특히 유근피를 첨가함에 따라 약과의 명도가 감소한 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 약과의 메일라드 반응에 의한 갈색물질인 멜라노이딘류의 생성 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 약과의 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라서 경도, 색도, 산패취 등이 증가하였고, 반면에 수분활성도와 팽화도, 색, 맛, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도 등의 관능적 특성은 감소하였다. 유근피가 약과의 저장성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해서 산가와 과산화물가를 측정하여 실험한 결과, 유근피를 첨가한 약과는 첨가하지 않은 약과에 비해서 지질산화가 적게 일어나, 약과의 저장성을 증가시켜 주는 것으로 나타났다. 관능적인 특성을 비롯한 품질특성과 지질산패 정도를 평가한 결과, 유근피 추출물을 0.1% 첨가한 약과가 가장 좋을 것으로 평가되었다.

삼채뿌리와 잎이 가진 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용도를 높이고자 다양한 생리활성을 평가하였다. 삼채뿌리의 조사포 닌, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 4.28 mg/g, 18.27 mg/g, 0.95 mg/g, 삼채잎의 조사포닌, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량 은 각각 4.17mg/g, 35.91 mg/g, 2.79 mg/g으로 나타났다. 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위의 70% 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH 라디 칼 소거능 IC50으로 23.01 mg/mL, 4.82 mg/mL로 나타났으며, hydroxyl radical 소거능 IC50 값이 각각 40.82 mg/mL, 27.24 mg/mL를 나타났다. α-Amylase 저해 활성은 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위 에탄올 추출물 10 mg/mL를 처리했을 때 억제활성이 각 각 61.38%, 61.01%로 나타났다. 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위의 아질 산염 소거능을 측정한 결과, 삼채추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 활성 역시 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 로 삼채뿌리보다는 삼채잎 부위에 항산화 및 항당뇨 활성이 나타났으며, 삼채잎을 활용한 식품 소재로써 개발할 가치가 매우 높은 것으로 판단된다.

To investigate the antioxidative potential of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) leaves, alcoholic extracts with different ethanol concentration were prepared. The extract obtained by using 70% ethanol possessed the highest total phenolic content. The extraction yield and total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract were 15.46% and 105.0 μg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/mg, respectively. Therefore, the antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated as 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and nitrite scavenging ability. EC 50 value for radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities, which is the effective concentration at which 50% of DPPH radicals and nitrites are scavenged, were 34.72 μg/mL and 52.99 μg/mL, respectively. EC 50 value for reducing power, which is the effective concentration at which the absorbance is 0.5, is 44.39 μg/mL. All antioxidant activities increased as extract concentration increased. These results imply that the ethanolic extract of ramie leaves has the potential to be utilized as an effective antioxidant source.

In the present study, the effects of extracts from Korean plants on the DNA damage response in HaCaT cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) were investigated. The activity of cells treated for 24 hr with ethanol extracts from Vaccinium spp. (VS), and Vitis vinifera L (VV) alone was similar to that of the non-treated control, but gradually decreased at concentrations above 200μg/mL. However, when post-incubation of UVB-exposed cells was carried out for 24 hr in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the cell activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in the normal growth medium. The cell viability of UVB-exposed cells also increased when post-incubated in medium containing VS or VV extracts, in a concentration-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation analysis showed that post-incubation with VS or VV extracts decreased the UVB-induced apoptosis by about 10 and 13%, respectively, of that in cells post-incubated in growth medium. After 24 hr of post-incubation in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the level of CPD and 8-OHdG decreased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Overall these results suggest that VS and VV extracts assist the survival of UVB-exposed cells, in accordance with the respective decrease in the levels of UVB-induced DNA damage.

This study was carried out to analyze the differences in p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol (HBA) content, antitumor and anti-obesity activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activity between non-fermented G. elata (NFGP) and fermented G. elata powder. The HBA content, which is an index-component of G. elata decreased from 1.58 mg/g before fermentation to 1.07, 0.32, and 0.13 mg/g after the 1st fermentation (1st FGP), 2nd fermentation (2nd FGP) and 3rd fermentation (3rd FGP), respectively. The anti-proliferation effects on the cell lines HT29 and AGS were significantly higher for the fermented G. elata than the NFGP. The antitumor activity was also increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. During adipocyte differentiation, the ethanol extract of the 3rd FGP inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells significantly better than NFGP and the 1st FGP, treated at the concentration of 10μg/mL. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the 2nd FGP at 600μg/mL over was higher than that of kojic acid. At the concentration of 1,000μg/mL, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. From these results, the fermented G. elata, especially the 3rd FGP, is expected to be good candidate for the development of functional food and agents with antitumor, anti-obesity, and tyrosinase inhibitory potential.

This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of Nelumbo nucifera(N.N) Root in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) and Total cholesterol were significantly decreaed in N.n treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in N.N treated group. Also the activity of glucokinase(Gk) was significantly increaed in N.N treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in N.N treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in N.N treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH) was significanly increased in N.N treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly decreaed in N.N treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of N.N would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats

The ethanol extraction yield of Meliae toosendan fructus(MT) was about 24.5% by extract apparatus. This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of MT in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreaed in MT treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of Total cholesterol was decreased. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased in MT treated group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in MT treated group. Also the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) and glucokinase(Gk) were increaed in MT treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in MT treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in MT treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH)was dereased in MT treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly increaed in MT treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of MT would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

천연에서 유래한 항산화 및 항용혈 소재개발을 위해 복분자 에탄올 추출물의 생리활성 효능평가를 실시하였다. 복분자를 에탄올 추출한 후, 획득한 추출물을 섬유아세포주인 HS68에 처리하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 항산화 효능을 평가하였다. 또한 Sprague Dawley 렛트 적혈구 세포에 과산화수소로 산화를 유도한 후 추출물의 항용혈 효능을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 렛트 적혈구를 이용한 항용혈 평가에서는 과산화수소를 단독으로 처리한 양성대조군보다 추출물을 처리한 군에서 항용혈율이 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 이들 결과는 복분자 추출물이 항산화효능과 항용혈 약용 식물 소재로서의 가능성을 내는 것으로 사료된다.

갈색거저리(Tenebrino molitor, mealworm)는 딱정벌레목 거저리과의 야행성 곤충이다. 대량으로 사육하는 시스템이 구축되어 있어 산업화에 용이하고 중국, 네 덜란드 등 국외에서 식용으로 이용되고 있어 식용으로서의 가치가 높다. 최근 곤충 자원의 식품 원료화 사업이 추진됨에 따라 가치 평가 및 이용개발 연구가 수행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 갈색거저리 번데기의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 멜라닌 합성 억제 효능을 알아보았다. 실험에 사용한 갈색거저리의 번데기는 동결건조 후 분쇄하여 무게의 10배에 해당하는 양의 70% 에탄올을 넣고 24시간 동안 교반하여 추출하였다. α-ㅡmelanocyte stimulating hormone의 처리 후 멜라닌 생성이 촉진 된 B16F1 cell에 갈색거저리 번데기 에탄올 추출물을 처리하여 멜라닌 생성량 및 tyrosinase의 단백질 발현 억제 정도를 확인하였다. 그 결과 갈색거저리 번데기의 에탄올 추출물 10 ug/ml 처리군에서 멜라닌 생성량이 감소되었다. 또한, tyrosinase 의 단백질 발현이 감소되었다. 이는 갈색거저리 번데기의 에탄올 추출물이 B16F1 세포의 tyrosinase 효소의 발현을 억제함으로서 궁극적으로 멜라닌의 생성을 저해 하는 것으로 사료된다.

This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic study effect in ethanol extract of Ailanthicortex(A.C) radici in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45㎎/㎏ dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of A.C radici was orally administrated once a day for 7 days at a dose of 500㎎/㎏. The content of serum glucose, triglyceride(T.G), total cholesterol were significantly decreased in treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activity of glucokinase(GK) were significantly increased in treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. but activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) was significantly increased. These results indicated that ethanol extract of A.C would have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana root (UE) on lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 7 weeks. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups; normal diet group (N), high-fat diet group (HF), HF with 0.5% UE (HF-L) and 1% UE (HF-H) group. Body weight, body weight gain, and liver weight in the HF group was significantly higher than in the N group, while those of the HF-L and HF-H group were unchanged. UE improved HF-induced dyslipidemia by reducing serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. There was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among experimental groups. However, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly increased in the HF-L and HF-H group. Histological analysis showed that HF-fed mice developed hepatocellular microvesicular vacuolation as a result of fat accumulation. These changes were attenuated by 1% UE supplementation. In addition, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the HF-H group significantly reduced. Taken together, these results demonstrated that lipid levels in the blood and liver were reduced by UE, suggesting that it might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the ethanol extracts and soluble dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. The proximate composition of Cassia tora, soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract, molecular mass distribution, sugar contents and viscosity of soluble fiber from Cassia tora were analyzed. Cassia tora contains 12.6% of moisture, 5.2% of ash, 13.4% of crude protein, 7.2% of crude fat, 8.8% of insoluble fiber and 48.3% of soluble fiber. The effects of extract condition on soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract were investigated. The soluble solid contents were higher in 70% or 50% ethanol extracts than those in 100% ethanol extracts and showed highest value in grind sample extracts. In Hunter's color value, 100% ethanol extracts and whole Cassia tora sample extracts were higher in L and b value, but on the contrary, were lower in a value, than those of the other. The highest emodin and rhein contents were observed in 70% and 50% ethanol extracts, respectively, and showed higher value in room temperature extracts than in heating extracts. The molecular mass of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Most soluble fiber(80%) exhibited a molecular mass range of between 50～2000 kDa. The major sugars of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed were identified as xylose, mannose and galactose. The apparent viscosity of 0.5% soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was 33 mPas showing a higher value than pectin or xanthan gum.