Baicalin is a flavonoid compound with many advantages, including anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that induces neuronal damage through inflammatory response and oxidative stress reaction. This study was investigated the protective effects of baicalin on the oxidative stress and histopathological changes caused by LPS in hippocampus. Adult mice were divided into four groups; vehicle-treated, baicalin-treated, LPS-treated, and LPS and baicalin co-treated animals. Baicalin (10 mg/kg/day) and/or LPS (250 μg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally administered for seven consecutive days, and body weight was measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and lipid peroxidation level in the hippocampus were examined. Histopathological study was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining manuals. LPS treatment decreased body weight and increased ROS and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. However, co-treatment with baicalin alleviated these changes caused by LPS. Severe histopathological changes were observed in the hippocampus of LPS-treated animals. Baicalin co-treatment attenuated the changes and preserved neuronal cells from LPS damage. These results showed that baicalin suppresses LPS-induced neuronal damage by alleviating oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Thus, this study demonstrated that baicalin exerts protective effects against LPS-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus.

Evodiae Fructus is the dried unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, and has traditionally been used for treating stomachache and diarrhea. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine, the major biologically active compounds of Evodiae Fructus, are reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as inhibit proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells. The current study investigates the anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects of the Evodiae Fructus extract, considering varying concentrations of methanol extraction (40, 80, and 95%). High contents of total phenolic compounds were determined in the order of extracts 80, 95, and 40%. Evaluating contents of the 95, 80, and 40% extracts revealed 36.77, 7.29, and 1.86 μg/mg evodiamine, respectively, and 53.02, 17.16, and 3.79 μg/mg rutaecarpine, respectively, with the highest content of both compounds obtained in the 95% extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed to be inversely proportional to the contents of total phenolic compounds, with decreasing SC50 values obtained in the order 80, 95, and 40% extract. The 95 and 80% extracts exerted toxicity to AGS gastric cancer cells, but the 40% extract was non-toxic. Evodiamine is a known anti-cancer agent, and could be responsible for the observed toxicity. Cleavage of PARP, and Caspase-3, -7, -8 and -9 was observed in the 95% extract-treated AGS cells, indicating that cell toxicity exerted by the 95% extract could be attributed to apoptosis.

Low molecular weight hydrolysates from donkey bone extracts (LHDB) was prepared with different food enzymes, and its antioxidative, elastase and collagenase inhibitory, and fibroblast cell protection effects against photoaging were evaluated. Gelatin from donkey bone was extracted three times at 121℃ for 1 h and was lyophilized. The lyophilized powder (5 g) was dissolved in 95 mL distilled water with 1% FoodPro alkaline protease (A), 1% Protease P (P), 1% Protease M (M) and a 0.3% A + 0.3% P + 0.3% M (APM) mixture and was hydrolyzed for 3 h at 45℃. After enzyme inactivation at 90℃ for 10 min, the LHDBs hydrolyzed by A, P, M, and APM were separated by centrifugal filtration and were lyophilized and marked as LHDB-A, LHDB-P, LHDB-M, LHDB-APM. The LHDB-M showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline–6- sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than the other treatments (p<0.05). The elastase inhibition effect (37.49%) of LHDB-M were significantly higher than those of the other treatments (9.97-34.18%). The viability of human fibroblast cells (Hs68) after UVB irradiation was significantly increased by LHDB-M, indicating that it can be used as an antioxidant or as a UVB stress protector. However, further in vivo studies should precede its usage in the bioactive compound industry.

홍어 껍질 유래 콜라겐 펩타이드를 한외여과막을 이용하여 분자량의 크기를 1,000 Da 이하와 1,000 Da 이상으로 분리하고 그 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 각각의 시료를 비만 유발 실험동물인 db/db mice에 체중당 200 mg의 콜라겐 펩타이드를 8주간 투여하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 콜라겐 펩타이드를 투여한 군에서 비만대조군에 비해 체중 증가량의 감소, 혈액 및 간조직의 활성산소 농도의 감소, 간조직의 산화적 스트레스가 완화된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 콜라겐 투여군에서 염증반응과 관련된 간조직의 핵전사인자(NF-κB) 및 효소(COX2, iNOS), 염증성 사이토카인(IL-6)발현이 비만대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 분자량의 크기에 따라 약간의 차이가 나타났지만, 전반적으로는 유의적이지 않았다. 따라서 홍어 콜라겐 펩타이드의 비만에 의해 유발된 염증반응이 억제되었는데, 이는 콜라겐의 산화적 스트레스 완화작용에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

Raphiolepis indica (R. indica) is one of evergreen shrubs belonging to the Rosaceae and is grown wildly in Jeju. This study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of different fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, water) from R. indica. Anti-oxidative effects were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and total phenol contents. Hepatoprotective effect was identified by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in Huh7 cells. Among various fractions, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed the lowest DPPH remained rate reaching approximately 78.7 and 65.5% at 400 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed the total phenolic content at 164.5 and 137.3 mg GAE/g extract. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were resistant against oxidative stress in MTT assay and showed higher hepatoprotective effect than other fractions. Therefore, these results suggest that the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of R. indica might have therapeutic value in liver damage.

To evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-tumor potential of the green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo), total polyphenol content, radical scavenging activities and anti-tumor properties were measured. The total polyphenol content of the 70% ethanol extracts from green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo) was 30.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract. The DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of 70% ethanol extracts of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo) were documented at 2.87 and 10.55, respectively. For α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity, 70% ethanol extracts of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo) were documented at 35.67% and 58.41% respectively. The green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo) demonstrated greater capability in terms of anti-neoplastic activity vis-a-vis colon cancer cell lines when compared to other cancer cell lines.s. er (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo) higher activities of anticancer activities on colon cancer cell lines compared to other cancer cell lines.

Traditionally, food and medicines are considered as having common roots. That is, their energies share the same source (藥食同源), which has created a unique food culture, and nurtured a unique academic area of dietary medicine (藥膳食料 學). This study aimed to develop a desirable dietary life-style based on the oriental dietary medicine theorem originated from the schema of four qi as well as five flavors of foods (四氣五味), originated from the yin-yang and five phase theory based on a clear understanding of a modern point of view, and experimental analysis of nutrients and dietary effects of clear heat effect materials. This study can promote more healthy life-styles and prevent adult diseases by following oriental dietary medicine theory. We should develop a Yack-sun theory and dietary culture that is suitable for physical and genetic health.

본 연구에서는 중국산 발효 보이차 잎을 고농축으로 추출하였다. 또한 이 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성 및 항노화 효과를 평가하여, 화장품 산업에 응용하고자 하였다. 발효보이차 추출물의 수득율은 17.9%이었으며, 총 폴리페놀량은 37.5%, 탄닌 7.5%, 다당체류 25%, 기타 22%, 수분 8%가 함유되어 있었다. 발효보이차 추출물의 항산화 (in-vitro)활성은 30mg/mL에서는 33.7±1.8%, 50mg/mL에서는 39.4±2.2%의 소거효과를 보였다. 비교군인 초산토코페롤과 녹차추출물 보다 높은 항산화 효과를 보였다. 발효보이차 추출물의 콜라겐 합성율(in-vitro)은 1 mg/mL에서는 102.9±9.9%, 5 mg/mL에서는 111.5±9.9%, 10 mg/mL에서는 122.7±12.2%, 30 mg/mL에서는 131.5±13.7%의 높은 합성능을 보였다 (*p-value?0.05, n=3). 8시간 후의 피부보습효과(in-vivo)는 비교군보다 38.5%의 높은 효과를 보였다. 이 보습력은 도포전보다 32.7% 상승하였다. 발효보이차 추출물은 화장품산업에서 보습효과를 가진 원료로 응용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

Background: Atractylodes radix is a well-known medicinal crop having many physiological effects. This study was conducted to select useful Atractylodes japonica × Atractylodes macrocephala (AJM) cultivars by comparing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory efficacies. Methods and Results: Seven extracts from AJM cultivars were used to treat lipopolysacchride (LPS)-treated BV2 cells, and the effects on cell viability and inhibition on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were analyzed. In vitro scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxynitrite (NOO−) radicals were also investigated. Contents of total phenol, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III in the AJM extracts were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or spectrophotometry. The experiments show that none of the seven extracts was cytotoxic above 89.2% at 20 - 250㎍/㎖. Extracts of Gowon, Dawon, Sangchul, and Huchul inhibited ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner, and Sangchul extract showed the highest inhibition on ROS production. All the AJM extracts showed effective inhibitory activity after on NO release in the LPS-treated BV2 cells, and Sangchul extract showed the highest activity. Sangchul extract had the most potent scavenging activities for NOO− and had some DPPH radical scavenging effect. Sangchul extract also had the highest content at total phenol and atractylenolide I content. Atractylenolide III was not detected in the AJM extracts. Conclusions: The results suggested that Sangchul was the most useful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory resource among the AJM cultivars.

Rubiae radix is root of Runia akane Nakai, it has been used to hemostasis and blood stasis in Korean and China. This study investigated that anti-oxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effect of ERA (ethanol extract of Rubiae radix) and WRA (water extract of Rubiae radix) using RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage from blood) and HCT-116 cells (human colorectal cancer cell line). ERA contained polyphenol (45.77 ± 2.03 ㎎/g) and flavonoid (22.82 ± 1.33 ㎎/g). 500 μM H2O2-induced ROS generation was diminished by 500 ㎍/㎖ ERA treatment in RAW 264.7 cells, but not WRA (125, 250, and 500 ㎍/㎖). Moreover, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation increased by 500 ㎍/㎖ ERA treatment during apoptotic cell death in HCT-116. Results demonstrated that anti-cancer effect of ERA against human colorectal cancer cells is mediated apoptotic cell death and DNA fragmentation through caspase-3 activation. However, further study is required to what active ingredient of ERA are important for anti-oxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effect in vivo.

본 연구는 열수추출법에 의하여 추출한 세리신을 이용하여 단독 또는 2종의 효소를 이용하여 가수분해하고 그 가수분해물의 항산화 및 미백효과를 살펴본 것이다. 여러 산업용효소 중 세리신에 대한 분해효과가 우수한 alcalase, flavourzyme 및 protamex를 이용하여 분해한 결과 세리신의 분자량은 20 ~ 30 kDa의 범위로 감소하였으며 사용한 효소별로 특이적 가수분해물이 나타났다. 세리신 가수분해물의 항산화능을 살펴본 결과 원래 세리신에 비하여 DPPH 소거율이 높게 나타났으며 flavourzyme과 protamex를 같이 사용한 경우 약 85 %의 소거율을 나타냈다. 티로시나아제의 활성억제 효과를 살펴본 경우에는 세리신 가수분해물이 오히려 더 낮은 억제효과를 나타내었으나 세리신 가수분해물의 분획을 실시하고 활성억제 효과를 살펴본 결과 F2와 P3의 분획이 상대적으로 우수한 억제 효과를 나타내었다.

혈당저하를 위한 천연물복합제를 한의학 처방 및 문헌 등을 기초로 하여 구성하고, 기능성 식품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 조사하기 위하여 추출물의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 천연물복합제 5가지 추출물의 수율은 의 범위로 나타났으며, 총페놀성 화합물 함량은 , 총 플라보노이드 함량은 의 범위로 조사되었다. 특히 2번, 3번 및 5번 복합제에서 1,000 mg% 이상의 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 전자공여능 또한 이들 복합제에서 높은 활성을 보여주었다.