북한의 군사전략에 대해 기존대로 한반도 전 지역을 석권한다는 군사전 략이 지속되고 있다는 주장과 변화하고 있다는 주장이 아직도 맞서 고 있는 상황이다. 연구 목적은 최근 안보환경의 변화와 김일성－김정일 －김정은으로 이어지는 집권자의 변화 기간 동안 북한 군사전략의 변화 를 분석하고, 핵무력 완성 이후 경제건설에 집중하겠다는 북한의 군사전 략의 변화를 제한전 하 군사전략으로 전망해 보고자 하였다. 연구 방 법은 문헌조사를 통한 질적연구를 주로 실시하였고, 김일성 집권 이후부 터 현재까지의 시기를 망라하여 군사전략의 구성요소를 중심으로 분석하 였다. 연구 결과 김정은은 체제안정을 최우선으로 기존의 전면전 보다는 핵무기 사용을 위협하며 제한전을 추구하는 군사전략을 채택할 것으로 분석되었고, 이를 군사전략의 구성요소를 중심으로 전망해 보았다. 이에 대비하여 한국군은 기존의 전면전 중심에서 북한의 제한전 하 군사전략 에 대응하는 군사전략을 병행하여 발전시킴이 요구되고 있다.

It can take hundreds of thousands of years for decreasing radiological effects of high-level radioactive wastes to those of natural background radiation. Therefore, long-term time scale should be considered in order to demonstrate performance and safety of deep geological disposal of the radioactive wastes. The changes of surface environment for these long-term time scale can have influence on safety analysis by changing transport path of radionuclides from the radioactive wastes. Changes in climate is considered as one of main factors causing the long-term changes of the surface environment. The own effects and interactions of climate with other components of the geological disposal system are organized in features, events, and processes (FEPs). In this study, some natural processes occurred by changes of climate were suggested and the connectivity between each process is proposed based on the relation of the FEPs concerned with the changes of climate and surface environment. The processes were classified into global and regional/local scales and was analyzed, respectively. Then, the influences of the processes on shallow groundwater and surface water body environment, which might be transport path of radioactive nuclides in local/site scales, were expected. As the proposed connection demonstrate the order or hierarchical relations of the natural processes, it can shows that some output by a certain process may be input of other process connected the former process in numerical simulations for interpreting the processes. If the connection may be considered to be suitable to represent longterm changes of the surface environment, it can be evaluated that the expected scenarios based on the connection is also proper. In addition, it can be helpful in selecting factors to be studied more detailed in terms of climate change for expecting long-term changes in the surface environment by analysis on the input and output data. The results of this study can be used as basic approaches to represent the long-term changes in the surface environment caused by specific natural processes from changes of climate. It will be also helpful for formulating scenarios related to long-term evolution in the surface environment required for performance and safety assessments of the deep geological disposal.

Supply chain management can be defined as an information system that connects the inside and outside of a company. Its purpose is to systematically and strategically manage the flow of information, resources and services to improve the long-term performance of the entire organization, including individual companies connected to the supply chain, and the quality of service provided to customers. The ultimate goal of SCM is to create synergy through organic integration of supply and demand based on cooperation and collaboration with stakeholders in the supply chain. This study is based on the hypothesis that the company's management performance will improve as the level of SCM improves. Most of the previous studies dealt with the relationship between corporate performance and SCM in the IT area. In this study, research was conducted through human capacity with IT system. The causal relationship was demonstrated, and there was a difference in the perception of the results of this study depending on whether or not smart factories were consulted in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. There is a need to examine the links between management's value chain and its causal relationship.

This study is focused on the variant form which created and broke the character components by stroke change. This variant form is made through add and reduction and change the stroke, as a result that is produced another new graph.This study reserches for these type variant forms which is how to made and there are how many types and what is the characteristic.

흑마늘을 이용하여 와인을 제조해보고 숙성 칩의 종류에 따른 향기 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 흑마늘 와인을 제조한 후, 저장 조건으로 미국산 칩과 프랑스산 칩을 이용하여 3개월간 10oC에서 숙성하여 흑마늘 와인을 완성하였다. 향기 성분을 분석을 위하여 GC/MS를 이용하였다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우 주요 향기성분으로 2-methyl-1- propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, allyl methyl sulfide가 검출되었다. 프랑스산 칩을 사용한 경우 에는 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32- hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, chloroacetonitrile, allyl methyl sulfide가 주요성분으로 검출되었다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 와인에서 과일향성분인 n-propylacetate, butanoic acid, octanoic acid가 상대적으로 높게 검출되었고, 흑마늘에서 기인된 allyl methyl sulfide는 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우에서만 검출이 되었다. Acetic acid는 프랑스산 칩을이 용한 경우에만 검출되었다.

Black fermented garlic includes many pharmacological components. Therefore, in this study, black fermented garlic wine was manufactured and its flavor compounds were investigated difference of aging chips from America and France. The fermented wine was stored at 10oC for 6 months. GC/MS was used for the flavor components analysis. Wine using American chip contained 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1- butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, and allyl methyl sulfide. 1-Propanol, 2- methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2- heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32-hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, and chloroacetonitrile were detected as major flavor compounds using France chips. Especially, the wine contained allyl methyl sulfide that was resulted from black fermented garlic. There were more compounds that smell like fruit in the wine using American chips relatively. And allyl methyl sulfide was detected only in the wine using America chips. Whereas acetic acid was detected only in the wine using France chips

This study has been conducted on the subjects of eight undergradu˗ ate students with abdominal obesity and eight undergraduate stu˗ dents with normal weight to find out correlation between substantial fatigue and Ratings of perceived exertion through analysis of their blood components when they took exercises to strengthen their abdominal muscular power. Comparatively analyzing HDL-C, LDL-C and lactic acid before and after they took sit-up at level of RPE 19-20, no statistically significant differences in HDL, LDL, lactic acid meas˗ ures were observed between groups, but a significant difference in RPE was noted between groups(p<0.05) Our findings suggest that control group showed no significant differ˗ ence in increase of fatigue material whereas the obese group showed a lower frequency of sit-up, though both groups took the same abdominal exercise. Additionally, the lower frequency of sit-up in obese group results from relatively higher Ratings of perceived exer˗ tion rather than increase of substantial fatigue material. This study invites future research that examines the effect of a comprehensive obesity exercise program combined with dietetic

일산 거주 초등학생 33명 66안 (9.01±1.16, 세 2004년 기준)을 대상으로 조절마비하 자동 굴절검사, 각막지형도검사 및 A-scan Ultrasonography 를 실시하고 2년 동안 변화도를 분석하여, 한국인에 적합한 콘택트렌즈의 설계와 제조 및 임상에서 콘택트렌즈 피팅에 관한 참고 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 2년간 등가구면 굴절이상도는 -0.818±0.704 D(p=0.000) 근시쪽으로 변하고, 안축장은 0.310±0.309 mm(p=0.000) 증가했으며, 각막정점 곡률반경은 -0.007±0.033 mm(p=0.000) 변하고, 각막난시는 -0.024±0.367 D(p=0.590) 변화하였다. 각막 정점으로부터 주변부로 갈수록 비구면계수는 (-)음의 방향으로 증가하였고, 비구면 계수의 변화도는 10° 반경 0.005±0.092(p=0.691), 20°반경 0.003±0.076(p=0.692) 및 30° 반경 -0.012±0.063(p=0.127) 였다. 전체 대상자에서 비구면계수와 등가구면 굴절이상도, 각막 정점 곡률반경, 안축장은 상관성이 없었고, 2차 측정시 비구면계수와 각막난시는 낮은 상관성이 나타났으나(r=0.283, p=0.021), 변화도에서는 상관성이 없었다(r=0.009, p=0.945). 근시군에서는 각막 정점 곡률반경 (1차 : r=-0.399, p=0.014, 2차 : r =-0.361, p=0.028) 과는 낮은 상관성을 보였고, 변화도에서도 상관성을 보였다(r=0.410, p=0.012). 비구면계수와 각막난시는 낮은 상관성이 있었으나 (1차 : r=0.354, p=0.032, 2 차 : r=0.427, p=0.008), 변화도에서는 상관성이 없었다(r=-0.012, p=0.945). 반면, 비근시군은 비구면계수와 제시된 안광학상수 사이에 상관성이 없었다. 이상의 분석 결과를 활용하여 비구면계수과 관련된 각막의 비구면성을 이해할 수 있으며, 성장기 학생의 각막 형상에 적합한 콘택트렌즈의 설계 및 제조를 위해서는 근시안에 대한 장기적인 후속 연구가 요구된다.

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is known as a potential hepatic carcinogen by single administration. This study was designed to measure the effects of DEN-induced cell damage on the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in the liver, excluding dietary effects. Fertilized chicken eggs, 10 days before hatching, were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) and each egg was injected 10 ul of corn oil (vehicle control), 5 ug of DEN/10 ul and 10 ug of DEN/10 ul into yolk via air sac. After 48 hr and 96 hr incubation, the damage of the chick-embryo liver cell was investigated by electron microscopy and by measuring the concentration of lipid components (total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride). For eggs administered 10 ug of DEN and incuvated 96 hr, in hepatocyte, the nucleus membrane was roughed, the size of nucleolus was apparently increased and euchromatin was accumulated. Mitochondria were condensed and cristae, located mitochondrial inner membrane, were obscured. Additionally, the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol classes were significantly increased depend on the amount of DEN and incubation time. Especially, triglycerides were notably increased in the group treated with 10 ug DEN at 96 hr, but phospholipids, component of cell membrane, were decreased with significance. As a conclusion, carcinogen induced hepatic lesion was correlated with the changes in lipid component of liver.

초지조성용 2종복합비료를 개발코자 시제품(N-P2O5-K2O-MgO-B2O3 : 8-25-7-3-0.2)을 일반단비와 공시하여 비효를 비교검사하였다. 겉뿌림 배양초지(orchardgrass, tall fescue, kentucky bluegrass 및 ladino clover)에서 2년간 수행하였으며 1보에서는 토양의 화학성 및 목장의 초기생육상, 본고에서는 수량성, 식생구성비율 및 목장의 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 검사한 결과는 다음과 같다

Gastrodia elata Blume is a achlorophyllous orchid plant that has been used in traditional medicine to treat many human illnesses, such as vertigo, hemiplegia, and epilepsy. It contains three major pharmacological substances; gastrodin, ergothioneine, and vanillyl alcohol. Here we investigated the quantitative changes in those functional components by cultivation conditions and harvest times. The content of ergothioneine was different with cultivation areas, while gastrodin accumulated the higher levels than vanillyl alcohol regardless of cultivation areas. The smaller tubers contained the higher concentrations of gastrodin and the lower concentrations of ergothioneine than did the larger tubers. The cultivation under sun shade screen increased the concentrations of both gastrodin and vanillyl alcohol but decreased the levels of ergothioneine. We also determined the contents of functional substances depending on the harvest times. The concentration of gastrodin was higher in October than in April, while the level of ergothioneine was higher in April than in October. Interestingly, the use of sexually propagated seed tubers produced 1.9 times higher levels of gastrodin compared to vegetatively propagated seed tubers. In this study, we found that three major functional substances in G. elata tubers altered depending on various cultivation practices, which might be important to increase the economic values of G. elata tubers.

To produce bioethanol from cellulosic biomass, the cellulosic biomass needs pretreatments for high efficiency saccharification. This study, thus, aims to evaluate the efficiency of several pretreatments using vegetables as a cellulosic biomass among food wastes. The evaluated pretreatment methods were acid treatment, ammonia treatment and hydrogen peroxide treatment, which were used by individual and/or incorporating method. As a result, the concentration of reducing sugar increased 4 ~ 15 times and that of glucose increased 5 ~ 26 times compared to the samples without pretreatment. The acid treatment as an individual treatment was the most efficient, and the efficiency of incorporating treatment showed higher than that of individual treatment. Besides, there were differences in the composition and content of hydrolyzed sugars although the saccharification efficiency was similar by the method of each pretreatment.

The objective of this study is to investigate the optimal condition for macerating enzymatic extraction process that leads to the highest yield and the largest extracted amount of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit. The optimal extraction conditions were found as the following: The initial amount of the water added to the fruit was 20 ~ 30% by weight. The mixing ratio used for the macerating enzyme was 4 : 1 : 2 (w : w : w) for cellulase:pectinase:amylogucosidase, and the amount of the macerating enzyme added was 2% by weight. The extraction process was done at a temperature of 45~50℃ for 10 hours. The extraction yields on Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit by macerating enzymatic extraction process was increased by 84.3% compared to that of hot-water extraction process. The amounts of organic acids and vitamin found in the extract were also higher. The amount of polyphenol and anthocyanin contents in the extract were 185% and 257% of those from hot-water extraction, respectively. These results suggest that macerating enzymatic extraction is an effective method to boost extraction yield and to increase the amount of extraction of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit.

The influence of plasma discharge on the nutrient components (NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, K, Ca, and Mg) and water quality [pH, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) and electric conductivity] of hydroponic water were investigated. It was observed that the NH4-N, PO4-P, K, Ca, and Mg were kept at the constant concentrations for plasma discharging of 90 min. On the other hand, NO3-N concentration was increased with proceeding of the plasma discharge. The increase of NO3-N concentration was considered with the fact that nitric acid was created from nitrogen among supplying air for the insulation of inside of dielectric barrier. ORP and electric conductivity was increased with plasma discharging time. However, pH was decrease with what because of the generation of the nitric acid. When adjusting the hydroponic ingredients, pH and conductivity must to be considered because of the change of pH and conductivitiy with the discharging.

본 연구에서는 SLURP 장기 수문모형을 이용하여 미래기후와 예측된 토지이용자료 및 식생의 활력도를 고려한 상태에서 하천유역의 수문요소에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 경안천 상류유역()을 대상유역으로 선정하여 4개년(1999-2002) 동안의 일별 유출량 자료를 바탕으로 모형의 보정(1999-2000)과 검증(2001-2002)을 실시하였다. 모형의 보정 및 검정 결과 Nash-Sutcliffe 모형효율은 0.79에서 0.60의 범위로 는 0.77에서 0

기후변화와 지구온난화현상은 지구 전체에 걸쳐 분명하게 나타나고 있으며 그에 따라 발생할 수 있는 수문 변화에 대한 연구가 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 유역 유출의 민감도를 평가하기 위하여 SWAT 모형을 이용하였으며 대청댐유역에 적용하였다. 모형의 보정은 1982-1995년의 월평균 하천유량을 이용하였고 1996-2005년의 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 기후변화에 따른 수문 변동을 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 1988-2002

가루녹차를 알루미늄 포장에 보관하여 에서 저장시 품질관련 화학성분인 총질소, 총아미노산, 탄닌, 카페인, 엽록소, 비타민 C 및 지방산은 저장기간이 길어질수록 함량이 감소되었다. 가루녹차의 표면색상은 저장시 a값은 저장전 -17.40에서 저장 30일 -16.69, 저장 60일 -16.20, 저장 120일 -13.69로 저장기간이 길어질수록 녹색이 감소됨을 알 수 있었다. 외관과 내질에 따른 관능평가는 저장전 93점에서 저장 60일 88점, 저장

작약의 이용성을 높이기 위해 작약의 종 및 품종, 생육시기, 식물체 부위별 성분의 함량 분포와 변화를 HPLC를 이 용하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 작약의 종 및 품종간 성분의 함량 분포는 야생작약(P. japonica M., P. obovata M., P. anomala L.) 보다는 재배작약(태백작약, 의성작약)에서 전반적으로 함량이 더 높았고, 성분별 분포는 paeonifloin, methyl gallate, astragalin, kaempferol 순으로 높았으며 methyl gallate 는 의성작약에서 0.45%로 가장 높았다. 식물체 부위별 함량 분포는 methyl gallate는 꽃잎에서 1.79%로 가장 높았으며 잎에는 0.56% 함유하였고, 뿌리에는 0.01%로서 소량 분포하였다. Astragalin 은 꽃잎과 잎에서 높았고, 작약의 지표 성분인 paeoniflorin 은 뿌리에서 2.52%로 가장 높았으며 잎에도 1.09%나 함유하여 이용 가치가 매우 높다고 사료된다. 생육시기별 함량 분포는 생육초기인 4월에 가장 높았고 생육 후기로 갈수록 감소하는 경향이므로 잎과 줄기를 이용하려면 뿌리 수확직전인 8~9 월이 적기라고 생각된다.