본 연구는 농촌 지역 여성 독거노인의 우울 예방을 위한 통합 활동 프로그램의 효과를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구는 2024 년 9월부터 12월까지 4개월 동안 진행되었으며, 총 20명의 여 성 독거노인을 대상으로 실시되었다. 연구 참여자들은 치매예방 교육, 공예치료, 원예치료, 손뜨개치료, 놀이·노래치료 등의 프로 그램에 참여하였으며, 사전·사후 비교를 통해 프로그램의 효과를 평가하였다. 연구 방법으로는 인지 기능 변화(CIST), 노인우울척 도(SGDS), 주관적 기억감퇴 척도(SMCQ)를 활용한 양적 분석을 중심으로 진행하였으며, 참여자의 반응과 경험은 면담을 통해 참 고적으로 수집하였다. 연구 결과, 프로그램 종료 후 참여자들의 인지 기능이 향상되었으며, 우울감이 감소하고, 기억력 저하가 완 화되는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 프로그램 종료 후에도 일부 참여자 들은 배운 내용을 생활 속에서 지속적으로 실천하고자 하는 모습 을 보였다. 본 연구는 농촌 여성 독거노인의 정서적 안정과 인지 기능 개선을 위한 프로그램 개발 및 정책적 지원의 필요성을 강 조한다.

본 연구는 선교사의 탈진 예방과 극복을 위한 멤버케어의 효과를 살펴보았다. 연구의 초점은 멤버케어의 전략으로써 생활습관 교정과 푸드테라피의 효과를 분석하였다. 선교사는 새로운 문화적 환경에서 고립감, 언어 장벽, 생활 여건 변화, 과로 등으로 만성적인 스트레스와 탈진에 노출되기 쉽다. 이러한 탈진은 신체적, 정서적, 영적 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치며 사역의 지속 가능성을 위협한다. 생활습관 교정은 규칙적인 운동, 수면 관리, 건강한 식습관, 스트레스 완화 기법 등을 포함한다. 이를 통해 신체적·정신적 안정을 도모할 수 있다. 푸드테라피는 면역력 강화와 탈진으로 인한 질병 치유를 돕는 영양소 및 식품을 섭취하도록 돕는다. 이를 통해 신체적·정서적 회복 을 촉진한다. 본 연구는 생활습관 교정과 푸드테라피가 선교사의 탈진 완화와 건강 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 제안한다. 또한, 이를 멤버케어 전략으로 활용할 가능성을 제시한다. 이를 바탕으로 실질적이 고 체계적인 멤버케어 프로그램 개발의 필요성을 강조한다.

본 실험에서 강원도 농업기술원, 철원, 삼척, 태백지역 가시오가피 줄기를 1월과 7월에 수확하고, 열수 추출물과 70% 에탄올 추출물로 제조 후 아미노산과 지방산의 조성 및 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플 라보노이드 함량을 확인하였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성, FRAP 활성을 통해 항산화 활성 을 측정하였다. 아미노산 조성은 가시오가피 줄기 모두에 서 17종이 검출되었고, 가장 함량이 높은 아미노산은 glutamic acid이었다. 총 아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 7 월보다 1월이 높은 결과를 보였으며, 강원도 농업기술원 의 70% 에탄올 추출물에서만 1월이 높은 결과를 보였다. 총 아미노산 함량이 가장 높은 추출물은 1월 삼척지역의 열수 추출물로 6.16±0.31 g/100 g이었고, 가장 낮은 함량 을 보인 추출물은 1월 강원도 농업기술원의 70% 에탄올 추출물로 2.17±0.11 g/100 g을 확인하였다. 총 지방산 함 량은 7월 철원지역의 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 74.51±3.73 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 1월 철원과 삼척지역의 열수 추출 물에서 0.74±0.04 mg/g으로 가장 낮았다. 1월과 7월 모두 열수 추출물보다 70% 에탄올 추출물이 더 높았고, 1월보 다 7월이 더 높았으며, 1월과 7월 모두 70% 에탄올 추출 물에서 다중불포화지방이 가장 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량 의 경우 1월 추출물은 36.99-61.53 mg GAE/g이었으며, 7 월에는 123.81-154.18 mg GAE/g으로 7월이 1월보다 2배 이상 높았다. 또한 총 플라보노이드 함량은 1월이 134.85- 173.77 mg QE/g이었으며, 7월에는 186.12-318.73 mg QE/ g으로 7월에서 더 높은 함량을 확인하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 1 mg/mL 농도에서 7월 태백지역의 70% 에탄올 추출물이 87.90±0.06%으로 가장 높았으며, 1월 강원도 농 업기술원과 철원지역의 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 35.51±1.08%와 36.00±1.25%로 낮았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거 능은 5 m g/mL 농도에서 7월 태백과 철원, 삼척지역의 70% 에탄올 추출물이 각각 93.44±0.20%, 92.92±0.49%, 92.03±0.50%로 높았으며, 1월 강원도 농업기술원과 철원지 역의 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 55.35±1.19%와 55.62±0.85%로 낮았다. FRAP 활성은 1 mg/mL 농도에서 7 월 태백지역의 열수 추출물에서 443.41±8.20 mM TE/mL 으로 가장 높았으며, 1월 강원도 농업기술원의 70% 에탄 올 추출물에서 256.06±1.49 mM TE/mL으로 가장 낮았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, FRAP 활성 모두 7월 태백지역 70% 에탄올 추출물에 높았으며, 1월 강원도 농업기술원의 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 낮은 항산화 활성이 나타났다. 본 실험 결과를 통해 가시오가 피 줄기의 적절한 수확시기 및 지역에 따른 기능성 식품 소재 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사 료된다.

국내 수박(Citrullus lanatus) 품종의 발아율에 대한 Solid Matrix Priming(SMP)의 영향을 평가하였다. Micro cel-E가 SMP 처리에 가장 이상적인 matrix로 밝혀졌으며, 종자:matix:물의 비율은 10:5:10(w/w/w)로, 25°C 에서 3일 동안 처리했을 때 유근의 돌출없이 발아속도가 촉진되었다. SMP 처리 과정 동안 초기 4시간 동안의 수분 흡수율은 급격하게 증가했으며, 이후 72시간 동안은 더 느린 속도로 흡수되었고, 처리 마지막 시간까지 수분 흡수 율은 41%이었다. 발아 온도와 상관없이, SMP 처리된 종자는 발아 시간이 단축되면서 발아율이 향상되었다. 특히, 최적 발아 온도보다 낮은 온도에서 발아율이 높았다. 품종별 차이는 있었으나, 특히 ‘해찬꿀’과 ‘리코스위트’ 품종 에서 발아율이 유의미하게 증가하였다. 또한 일부 품종에서 SMP 처리 종자의 유묘출현율과 초장, 생체중이 무처 리에 비하여 증가한 값을 보였으며, SMP 처리로 종자의 발아속도 및 유묘활력을 증진시켜 우량 묘 확보가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

This study investigated fish communities at a total of 11 sites across four rivers in the region in 2005 and 2015. Sampling was conducted twice at each site using cast nets (10×10 mm mesh size) and scoop nets (4×4 mm and 5×5 mm mesh sizes). Basic water quality measurements and river naturalness assessments were also performed. Based on fish community survey results, a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of urbanization on fish communities in the study area. The results revealed a tendency for decreased electrical conductivity in water quality and improved scores in river naturalness assessments. Compared to the environmental conditions in 2005, the overall naturalness of the study area appeared to have increased by 2015. A total of 721 individual fish representing 32 species from 12 families were collected. The dominant species was largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, 141 individuals, 19.6%), and the subdominant species was dark chub (Zacco temmincki, 132 individuals, 18.3%). The SOM analysis demonstrated a clear distinction in fish community distribution patterns between the survey years. Brackish water species such as Plecoglossus altivelis, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Mugil cephalus, along with introduced species like Erythroculter erythropterus, exhibited higher frequencies in 2015. Although the occurrence of exotic species tended to decrease compared to 2005, the presence of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) showed an increase in 2015. These findings suggest an increase in species favoring deeper waters and lacustrine environments, with notable growth in populations of introduced and exotic species.

2008년 노인수발의 사회화를 기치로 출범한 장기요양보험이 올해로 17년째를 맞이한다. 장기요양보험은 나름의 의의와 순기능에도 불구하고 수발서비스 상업화를 심화시켰다는 평가를 받기도 한다. 본 논문은 이 점에 주목해 ‘장기요양보험이 왜 이런 평가를 받게 됐는지’ 그에 대한 하나의 설명을 구하고자 한다. 본 논문은 질적연구방법 중의 하나인 사례연구방법에 기초하여 장기요양보험 법제화(도입) 이후 심화된 수발서비스의 상업화를 분석한다. 특히, 서비스 제공기관인 사회복지조직 종사자들에 대한 심층면접을 통해 그 전개와 양상, 맥락을 분석한다. 분석 결과, 장기요양보험 법제화 이후 다음의 특징들이 나타나고 있었다. 장기요양기관 난립으로 인한 경쟁이 격화되었고, 보조금 방식이 폐지되고 수가 방식 도입되었으 며, 수익과 효율성 중심의 기관 운영이 이루어지고 있고, 정부의 하향식 제도 운영으로 서비스기관들의 상대적 자율성이 미약한 것으로 드러났다. 본 논문의 문제의식과 분석결과는 한국 장기요양보험의 발전과 조망을 돕고, 향후 제도의 사회적 가치를 제고하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

This study employed text mining techniques to analyze the major topics and research trends in plant ecological studies conducted in the Nakdong River basin. A total of 131 research articles published between 1977 and 2023 were collected from domestic and international academic databases. Our analysis revealed that the primary research themes include: wetland plant management and restoration, regional flora investigation, the relationship between aquatic plant communities and water quality, wetland plant community structure and distribution, riparian vegetation, and Phragmites australis (common reed). The majority of these studies were based on short-term field surveys (less than one year in duration; 79.7%), with a focus on regional flora investigation (30.5%), vegetation mapping (21.4%), and plant growth characteristics (17.6%). To ensure the longterm sustainability of the Nakdong River ecosystem, we suggest prioritizing long-term ecological research (LTER) initiatives and incorporating diverse research approaches, such as mesocosm experiments that manipulate key environmental factors. This comprehensive approach to plant ecological research will be crucial for evaluating the stability and resilience of the Nakdong River ecosystem and will ultimately contribute to the development of robust, scientifically informed decision-making processes and management strategies.

목적 : 디지털 시기능 훈련용 게이밍 프로그램을 사용하여 대상자의 시기능 훈련 후 양안시기능의 변화를 조사 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 전신질환, 안과적 질환, 과거 수술력이 없고 사시 진단을 받지 않은 신체 건강한 성인 25명(남 자 14명, 여자 11명)을 대상으로 하였다. 언리얼 엔진을 기반으로 한 게이밍 프로그램은 시기능을 강화 및 훈련하 기 위한 목적으로 개발되었다. 모든 피검자에게 디지털 시기능 훈련용 프로그램을 한달 동안 일주일 2회, 30분간 시행하여 훈련을 진행하였다. 결과 : 디지털 시기능 훈련 전과 후의 조절근점은 13.08±2.26 cm에서 10.15±3.41 cm으로 향상되었다. 조절 용이성은 12.05±1.20회에서 9.78±1.32회로 개선되어 선명하게 초점을 맺는데 시간이 단축되었다(p<0.050). 버 전스용이성(Vergence facillity)은 12.89±2.34 회에서 9.14±1.75 회로 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다(p< 0.050). 외사위도는 –2.48±2.56 Δ(exo.)에서 -1.07±1.23 Δ(exo.)으로 외사위량이 통계학적으로 유의하게 감소 하였고(p<0.050) 양성융합버전스 분리점은 21.99±4.26 Δ에서 24.55±2.89 Δ으로 개선되었고 음성융합버전스 분리점은 평균 17.57±2.12 Δ에서 18.69±1.60 Δ으로 약 0.1 Δ이 소폭 증가하였다. 결론 : 디지털 시기능 훈련으로 연구 대상자들의 외사위도가 감소하였고 조절력, 조절 및 버전스 용이성과 안구 운동성 능력이 개선되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 디지털 시기능 훈련은 안구 운동성 기능과 양안시기능이 중요한 직군 의 사람들에게 도움을 줄 수 있고 다양하게 활용될 수 있는 활용가치 및 잠재력을 가지고 있다.

This study investigated the relationship between changes in language learning beliefs and English proficiency among 41 Korean university students who participated in a short-term English program. Participants’ beliefs were assessed using the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI), and their proficiency was measured using the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC). Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and correlation analysis were employed to analyze the data. The study found significant improvements in both listening and reading scores, and changes in beliefs varied with proficiency gains. Students with higher proficiency gains demonstrated improved confidence and self-efficacy, and decreased instrumental motivation, whereas those with lower gains exhibited minimal changes in beliefs. Correlation analysis revealed that belief shifts, such as reduced selfconsciousness and increased integrative motivation, were positively related to proficiency gains. These findings suggest the dynamic nature of learners’ beliefs and their potential impact on language learning outcomes, highlighting the importance of addressing belief systems in English language education.

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and morphological responses of Italian ryegrass to waterlogging stress during its early growth stage. Waterlogging increased the number of adventitious roots and root porosity, indicating an enhanced oxygen transport mechanism. Phenolic compound levels were increased in both leaf and root tissues under waterlogging stress compared to the control, suggesting the development of a non-enzymatic antioxidant system. Waterlogging treatment also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels only in roots. Total soluble carbohydrates and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity increased under waterlogging stress, suggesting an increased activity of carbohydrate breakdown and energy conversion mechanisms. This study suggests that Italian ryegrass exhibits significant metabolic and morphological adaptations to waterlogging stress during its early growth stage. These adaptations demonstrate that Italian ryegrass has developed tolerance mechanisms to cope with such stress.

Background: The widespread use of smartphones and personal computers has contributed to a rise in thoracic kyphosis, a condition characterized by excessive outward curvature of the upper back. This condition can lead to reduced lung function, poor posture, and decreased spinal angles, all of which can cause reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Furthermore, these issues are often associated with scapular protraction and anterior tilting. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of using a scapular support pillow in people with thoracic kyphosis, as well as determine the changes in respiratory capacity and postural alignment. Methods: Forty-one participants (25 males and 16 females) with thoracic kyphosis (Cobb angle > 40°) were included in the study. Their respiratory function (FVC, FEV1) and body posture (spinal angle, chest expansion, acromion-to-the-wall index) were measured before and after using the scapular support pillow for approximately 30 minutes. FVC, FEV1, spinal angle, chest expansion, and acromion-to-the-wall index were analyzed using paired-t test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The results demonstrated significant improvements in all measured parameters. Both respiratory function and posture-related metrics showed notable increases after using the scapular support pillow. Conclusion: The use of a scapular support pillow can effectively improve respiratory function and postural alignment in patients with thoracic kyphosis. Our research makes a meaningful contribution by proposing an effortless and convenient treatment option for individuals with thoracic kyphosis.

급성 뇌경색 진단에는 환자에 따라 관류강조영상과 조영증강 자기공명혈관영상이 동시에 촬영되는 경우가 있으며, 이 과정에서 MRI 조영제인 가돌리늄의 T1 단축 효과가 발생하여 동맥과 정맥의 신호 겹침이 빈번히 발생한다. 특 히, 3D T1 경사에코 기법을 사용한 CE-MRA에서 첫 번째 조영제 주입(PWI) 후 연속적으로 발생하는 T1 감소 효과로 인해 혈관의 정확한 묘사에 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 마스크 영상의 획득 시점을 조정하여 새로운 방법(B)을 제안하였다. 기존 방법(A)에서는 관류강조영상 이전에 마스크 영상을 획득했지 만, 새로운 방법(B)에서는 관류강조영상 이후 마스크 영상을 획득하여 동맥과 정맥 신호 겹침을 효과적으로 줄였다. 연구 결과, S상 정맥동과 내경정맥에서 새로운 방법이 기존 방법보다 유의미하게 낮은 대조대잡음비를 보였으며, 신호 겹침이 줄어들어 정맥 신호의 억제 효과가 극대화되었다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 새로운 방법은 기술적으로 추가적 인 복잡성 없이 효율적으로 정맥 신호를 제거하여 CE-MRA 영상의 진단적 정확성을 향상하는 유용한 기법으로 평 가된다. 향후 연구에서는 더 다양한 환자군을 대상으로 본 방법의 유용성을 검증하고, 최적의 방안 모색을 할 필요가 있다.

Black bear (Echeveria spp.) and Adromischus maculatus are ornamental succulents that change color in response to light and temperature. Colors of leaves play an important role in their ornamental value and market demand. However, there is a lack of quantitative research on flavonoids contained in succulent leaves. In this study, a colorimeter and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were used to analyze color changes of leaf surfaces and components of bioactive substances to understand the relationship between color change and internal bioactive substances of black bear and A. maculatus. The colorimeter analysis showed that red, green, and blue colors of black bear increased by 42.31%, 49.32%, and 21.58%, respectively, compared to their initial values, resulting in a clear change in leaf color from reddish-black to green. On the other hand, in A. maculatus, the red color decreased by 0.15% and the green color decreased by 10.44%, resulting in a more pronounced red spotted pattern and an increased area. UPLC analysis detected quercitrin in Black Bear leaf extracts and quercetin-3-O-sambubioside in A. maculatus. These substances are considered to play a key role in the concentration of anthocyanins and color changes in response to environmental changes such as light and temperature. Results of this study could be used as basic data to understand the correlation between leaf color change and bioactive substances in succulents in response to light and temperature.

Cold-pressed rapeseed oil (CPRO) is a rich source of bioactive components, but it is more susceptible to deterioration due to absence of chemical refining. Proper storage conditions are essential to maintain oil quality. This study evaluated the quality properties of seed-stored oil (SSO) and oil-stored oil (OSO) under various storage conditions. Both the seeds and the CPRO obtained from the ‘Jungmo7001’ and ‘Yuryeo’ varieties were stored for 24 months at 4℃, 25℃, and ambient temperature (AT). After 24 months, the acid value (AV) at 4℃ was lower than at 25℃ and AT. Additionally, the AV increased by 3.0-fold in SSO and 1.9-fold in OSO at AT compared to initial storage levels. OSO was found to be relatively more stable against oxidation than SSO. The canolol content in SSO increased with both storage temperature and period, but this was not observed in OSO. However, no changes in fatty acid composition or tocopherol content were noted based on the storage conditions, indicating that these properties remained relatively stable during storage. These results provide foundational data for the stable distribution of CPRO.

This study analyzed the nutritional composition of Korean landrace crops, including 4 rice and 3 legume varieties, before and after cooking. The study aimed to provide fundamental nutritional data for these traditional crops, valuable for dietary planning and product development in the food industry. The results showed that cooking significantly affected most nutrients, except some minerals and vitamins. the nutritional content of the landrace crops was generally similar to common varieties, with some notable differences. Jaepat had higher carbohydrate content than common red beans. Most landrace crops showed higher phosphorus levels compared to common varieties, except Seonbijabi-kong. Potassium content was notably higher in all landrace rice varieties. Regarding vitamins, beta-carotene was not detected in landrace rice, and vitamin B1 and B3 levels were lower in landrace crops. However, Geomeunkkae-ssal-byeo had the highest vitamin E content among landrace rice varieties. This study provides valuable nutritional data on Korean landrace crops, which can be used to promote the consumption and preservation of these genetic resources. The study also suggests that the obtained nutritional information can be utilized as a basis for meal planning by consumers and food service facilities, as well as for product development in the food industry.

Along with the increase in the number of vehicles in circulation, the indoor air quality in automobiles is attracting attention as another possible health concern. However compared to data regarding indoor air quality in other spaces, there are insufficient data on indoor air quality in automobiles. In addition, there is no standard for the evaluation method. In this study, the change in the concentration of particulate matter in the vehicle while driving under real road conditions was analyzed in order to use it as basic data for a method to evaluate vehicle indoor air quality. Through the selection of measurement target materials and test vehicles and the preparation of test methodologies, evaluation was performed on vehicle, route, and HVAC modes. The concentration of particulate matter in the vehicle was the lowest in the RC (In-vehicle recirculation) condition, and it was confirmed that it decreased with time. The highest average concentration was confirmed in the OA (Outside air ventilation) condition, and the concentration change according to the changing HVAC mode was observed in the Auto condition. The concentration of pollutants inside the vehicle showed a significant correlation with factors such as season, external concentration, and HVAC conditions, along with a weak correlation to powertrain type. The results of this study can be used as basic data for developing methods for evaluating vehicle interior air quality in future work.

A study was conducted to evaluate the proper particle cleaned air changes per hour (PCH) in apartment buildings and school classrooms. The concept of PCH was newly introduced. The PCH can be expressed as the clean air delivery rate (CADR) per space volume. The PCH includes the filtering effect with air changes per hour (ACH). A method for calculating the proper PCH was theoretically proposed and experimentally verified. The proper PCH to effectively control ultrafine particles in apartments and school classrooms was found to be 4.0/h and 4.2/h, respectively. In general, air cleaners and mechanical ventilation devices are often used together in apartments and school classrooms. In such cases, it is important to consider the proper PCH of each device and control it for energy-efficient operation. In addition, in times of concern for infection such as COVID-19, it will be necessary to operate the PCH at 6.0/h or more to minimize the probability of infection.

Tricholoma matsutake, one of the most famous edible mushroom in Asia, has been cultivated in red pine forest. Because of its difficulty in artificial cultivation, T. matsutake cultivation has relied on foraging in the forest. Under certain environmental conditions, T. matsutake form the Shiro, the condensed mycelium, and develop into fruiting bodies. Among the certain environmental conditions, fungal communities play a major role in the mushroom development. Therefore, fungal community investigations for Bonghwa and Yangyang have been conducted on soil with fairy rings in the past, soil with existing fairy rings, and soil with presumptive fairy rings developing in the future. From the six soil samples, total 163 genera of fungi were detected and species diversity and species abundance of each sample were also analyzed. In result, the species diversity and species abundance of the fairy rings in Yangyang were lower than those in Bonghwa. In comparison with the fairy rings in Yangyang and Bonghwa, the dominance of the genus Tricholoma was higher and that of the genus Motilella was lower in Yangyang. Through the continuous study, establishment of optimal environmental conditions to promote the T. matsutake cultivation is highly expected.

Climate change significantly impacts biodiversity, particularly for endemic species in restricted habitats. This study focuses on the Korean fir (Abies koreana), an alpine conifer species in South Korea, to evaluate potential habitat changes under SSP climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5- 8.5). Using high-resolution ensemble climate data from the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) and integrating 10 species distribution models (SDMs) into an ensemble model, we predicted habitat suitability for the period 2010~2090. The species data was refined and constructed with a focus on location data so that it could be used in this model, using the National Ecosystem Survey, Baekdudaegan Conservation Area Survey of the National Institute of Ecology, and the National Park Natural Resources DB of National Park Service. The results identified BIO1 (mean annual temperature) and BIO13 (Precipitation of Wettest Month) as the most influential bioclimatic variables for habitat suitability. SSP1-2.6 exhibited fluctuating habitat area with partial recovery by 2070s, while SSP5-8.5 projected a near-complete loss of suitable habitats by 2090s. The ensemble model demonstrated robust performance, providing reliable predictions across all scenarios. This study highlights the substantial impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Abies koreana and underscores the importance of understanding these changes to preserve vulnerable alpine ecosystems.

A 34-year-old male patient presented with a gradual facial asymmetry and occasional discomfort in the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Initial evaluation, including panoramic radiography, suggested facial asymmetry secondary to condylar elongation. However, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the existence of a condylar mass and multiple calcified lesions within the right TMJ. The patient did not recognize any occlusal changes, but it was suspected that the occlusion had changed based on the cast analysis. The patient underwent a condylectomy and mass excision, which confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma with concurrent synovial chondromatosis. Approximately three weeks of postoperative physical therapy were required to achieve stable occlusion. This case is notable for two reasons. First, the simultaneous occurrence of osteochondroma and synovial chondromatosis is extremely rare. Second, the gradual occlusal changes associated with TMJ lesions can go undetected, increasing the chance of misdiagnosis.