케톤 식이요법(Ketogenic Diet, KD)은 고지방, 적당한 단백 질, 저탄수화물로 식이 패턴으로 최근 몇 년 동안 스포츠 분야 에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 케톤 식이요법이 체중 조절 및 운동수행력에 미치는 영향을 검토하고 잠재적인 생리 학적 메커니즘에 대해 논의했다. 케톤 식이요법은 인슐린 분비 를 줄이고 지방 산화를 촉진해서 케톤체의 이용률을 높임으로 써 체지방을 효과적으로 줄이고 체급별 종목의 선수가 안전한 체중 관리를 할 수 있도록 도울 수 있다. 지구력 선수의 경우 케톤 식이요법은 지방 산화 능력을 향상시키고 글리코겐 의존 성을 줄이며 장기간 운동 중에 운동 시간을 연장할 수 있다. 그러나 고강도 무산소성 운동(예: 단거리 달리기, 역도)에서 제 한된 탄수화물은 해당과정의 속도를 감소시키고 에너지 공급에 영향을 미치며 폭발력과 최대 근력을 약화시킬 수 있다. 따라 서 케톤 식이요법은 지구력 운동과 체중 조절이 더 필요한 운 동선수에게 어울리지만 근 성장과 순간 순발력에 의존하는 운 동 종목의 효과는 여전히 논란의 여지가 있다. 이 연구는 케톤 식이요법을 사용할 때 운동수행력을 최적화하고 잠재적인 위험 을 줄이기 위해 운동 유형, 개별 대사 특성 및 적응 기간에 따 라 합리적으로 조정해야 함을 강조한다. 향후 연구에서는 과학 적인 스포츠 영양지침을 제공하기 위해 케톤 식이요법의 장기 적인 영향과 다른 영양 전략의 조합을 추가로 조사해야 한다.

This experimental study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects of burdock(Arctium lapp L.) extract and processed (Beopje) burdock extract in a high fat diet-induced obesity model. When burdock extract was orally administered at a concentration of 250 mg/kg BW and the Beopje burdock extract was administered at 250 and 500 mg/kg BW, they significantly decreased body weights increased by a high-fat diet, improved food efficiency ratio, decreased adipose tissue weight by site, and significantly decreased blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Blood ALT and AST contents as liver function-related indices increased by the high fat diet were significantly decreased by the Beopje burdock extract. Results of histological analysis of the liver showed that the Beopje burdock extract alleviated fatty liver phenomenon induced by a high-fat diet. In addition, levels of blood TNF-α, IL-6, and IL1-β increased by a high-fat diet were significantly decreased by ALB-L and ALB-H. Therefore, Beopje burdock extract can improve obesity in a high-fat diet-induced obese animal model by improving blood lipids and blood biochemical indices, increasing body water, and decreasing body fat more than the burdock extract.

To determine the differences in food quality between fish fed a low fish meal diet containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) instead of fish meal and those fed a general fish meal diet, we analyzed the approximate components, mineral content, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, color, and texture of Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The analysis of approximate components showed no difference between the two samples, except for moisture content. Mineral contents were measured in the order of K, P, Na, and Mg in both samples, with no difference except for phosphorus (P). A total of 16 amino acids were detected in both samples, with no significant differences in their composition. Additionally, 17 types of free amino acids were identified, with no significant differences between the two samples. The fatty acid composition consisted of 13 fatty acids, with palmitic acid, DHA, and oleic acid being the most prominent, although slight differences in content were observed. The color and texture also showed no differences between the two samples. Overall, there were no significant differences in chemical components or physical characteristics, so it was judged to be insignificant in terms of food science.

The diet composition of bluefin searobin, Chelidonichthys spinosus was studied using 397 specimens collected by fisheries resources survey vessels bottom trawls of national institute of fisheries science in February, June, May, August and November 2022 from nineteen areas in the South Sea of Korea. The species ranged from 9.7 cm to 42.0 cm in total length (TL). C. spinosus was bottom-feeding carnivore that fed mainly on Macrura, which constituted 85.7% of %IRI, especially Leptochela sydniensis. The proportion of Macrura decreased inversely proportional to body size, whereas the consumption of Brachyura and Stomatopoda increased gradually. With the increase in body size of C. spinosus, a significant rise in the mean weight of prey per stomach (mW/ST) was observed (one-way ANOVA, P<0.05).

Obesity occurs when the body consumes more energy than it requires and uses less energy, resulting in the accumulation of fat, which increases the number and size of fat cells in the body. It causes high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and joint crowding, making it difficult to fully treat. We investigated the effects of chito oligosaccharide(CHO) functional material, which suppresses fat accumulation, restores dyslipidemia values, and has no side effects.In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of CHO on obese mice fed a high-fat diet. The experimental groups were divided into 5 groups (n=10) of C57BL/6 mice: normal control (N), control group (C), and chito oligosaccharide low concentration (L), medium concentration (M), and high concentration (H) groups. We tested whether CHO has an effect on obesity through body weight and adipose tissue weighing, serum lipid testing, and histological examination. Experimental analysis showed that CHO reduced body weight and adipose tissue weight, improved the concentrations of TCHO, TG, HDL, and LDL, which are factors for dyslipidemia diagnosis, and decreased the diameter size of adipose tissue. These results suggest that CHO alleviates the levels of fat growth inhibition and dyslipidemia levels in obese-induced mice, and has a positive effect on obesity.

This study examined the influence of social responsibility awareness (economic and social-environmental responsibility) and trust in corporate social responsibility on sustainable diets. The subjects of the study were 468 university students. The main research results were as follows. First, the social responsibility awareness of the study subjects was 4.03±0.72 points for economic responsibility and 3.48±0.81 points for social-environmental responsibility. An awareness of economic responsibility showed differences according to gender. Trust in corporate social responsibility was 3.62±0.61 points, and there was no statistical significance based on gender. Second, the level of a sustainable diet was food safety and consideration (4.06±0.63), knowledge of the environment and diet (3.94±0.68), understanding of the food circulation system (3.45±0.77), and healthy diet (3.26±0.89). Among the factors influencing a sustainable diet, female students had higher attitudes toward food safety and consideration and understanding of the food circulation system than male students. Third, the social responsibility awareness (economic responsibility and social-environmental responsibility) and corporate social responsibility trust variables influenced university students’ sustainable diet. Among these, social-environmental responsibility awareness had the highest influence.

This study analyzed the correlation between carcass traits of Hanwoo steers and feeding methods (concentrate feed and total mixed ration for ruminants). The results indicated that in the feeding system using concentrate feed, the variation in carcass weight and marbling score among individual animals within farms tended to affect the average carcass sale price, with both showing negative effects (p=0.057, p=0.053). The standardized regression coefficients were used to compare the influence of each variable, revealing that the coefficients for carcass weight variation and marbling score variation were –0.38 and –0.30, respectively, indicating a greater influence of carcass weight variation. Therefore, reducing the variations in carcass weight and marbling score among steers in farms using concentrate feed is likely to increase the average carcass sale price. In the case of farms using total mixed ration (TMR) for ruminants, the variation in marbling score among individual animals significantly affected the average carcass sale price, showing a negative effect (p=0.002). Thus, reducing the variation in marbling score among steers in TMR farms is likely to increase the average carcass sale price. In summary, the coefficient of variation of marbling score was found to have a significant impact on the average carcass sale price of the farm. In farms using concentrate feed, the variations in both carcass weight and marbling score tended to affect the average carcass sale price (0.05<p<0.1). Meanwhile, in farms using TMR, the variation in marbling score had a significant impact. In conclusion, the coefficient of variation for marbling score in carcass performance was found to have the most significant impact on the average carcass sale price for both feeding types (concentrate and TMR diets). Furthermore, reducing the variation along with carcass weight of Hanwoo steers on concentrate feed may be a way to increase farm income.

In vertebrates, it is well documented that the parental consumption of high-fat diet increases the risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in offspring. While insects have long been used as popular study organisms in various biological research, few studies have explored how the nutritional quality of parental diet affects offspring behavioral phenotypes associated with ADHD in insects. Here we used the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae), as a study organism to test the effect of parental high-fat diet on offspring hyperactivity, impulsivity, and diffuse attention, which are widely held as the three core symptoms of ADHD in vertebrates. Peanut was used as the high-fat diet while soybean was the control. Parental high-fat diet consumption induced hyperactivity in R. pedestris offspring. Compared to the controls, the hyperactive offspring of parents fed on high-fat diet were behaviorally more impulsive and less attentive, as they were found to be highly attracted to visual stimuli but losing attention easily. Collectively, these results provide the experimental evidence that the parental consumption of high-fat diet results in increased hyperactivity, impulsivity, and diffuse attention in an insect. This study implies that the well-known association between parental high-fat diet and offspring ADHD is conserved across the tree of life and opens up the new horizons that insects can arise as novel and feasible models for studying the mechanism and evolution of this common neurodevelopmental disorder in humans.

PPARα activator가 고지방 사료를 섭취한 운동하지 않은 쥐에 비해 고지방 사료를 섭취한 운 동 쥐에서 백색지방조직의 혈관신생을 보다 효과적으로 억제하는지를 조사하였다. 수컷 쥐는 무작위로 PPARα activator인 fenofibrate와 운동을 모두 처리하지 않은 대조군(Con), fenofibrate 단독처리군(FF), 운동 단독처리군(Ex) 및 fenofibrate와 운동의 조합처리군(Ex+FF)으로 나누어 8주간 고지방 사료를 섭취시 켰다. 백색지방조직의 무게와 백색지방세포의 크기는 Con에 비해 FF, Ex 및 Ex+FF 모두 감소하였으며, Ex+FF는 FF에 비해 더욱 감소하였다. 백색지방조직에서 MMPs와 혈관신생 인자의 유전자 발현은 Con에 비해 FF, Ex 및 Ex+FF 모두 감소하였으며, Ex+FF는 FF에 비해 더욱 감소하였다. 그러나 혈관신생 억제인 자의 유전자 발현은 Con에 비해 FF, Ex 및 Ex+FF 모두 증가하였고, Ex+FF는 FF에 비해 더욱 증가하였 다. 따라서 본 연구는 fenofibrate 단독처리보다는 fenofibrate와 운동의 조합처리가 효과적으로 백색지방조 직의 혈관신생을 억제함으로써 백색지방조직의 증가를 감소시키고 복부비만을 억제한다는 것을 밝혔다.

This study was to identify the effects of education on Korean foods preferred by elementary students and their sustainability. A survey was conducted on 5th-grade elementary school students. Korean food preferences were classified by exploratory factor analysis as creative, healthy, or considerate, and the effects of education on Korean dietary life were classified as cognitive or emotional. Dietary life sustainability was evaluated separately. Results showed that creative and considerate preferences had significant impacts on cognitive and emotional education effects and that a healthy preference type significantly impacted the emotional effect of education. Analysis showed that creative and considerate food preference types significantly influenced dietary life sustainability and that cognitive and emotional education effects mediated these relationships. Sex was not found to have a significant moderating effect. The study shows that Korean dietary life sustainability is influenced by education on topics that promote the value and excellence of Korean food and suggests that experiential education combining practice and theory should be used to increase interest in Korean food among elementary students. Additional studies are required to determine Korean food preferences to facilitate the development of a dietary life education program that enables students to understand and maintain healthy dietary practices.

This paper elucidates the novel direction of food research in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution characterized by personalized approaches. Since conventional approaches for identifying novel food materials for health benefits are expensive and time-consuming, there is a need to shift towards AI-based approaches which offer more efficient and costeffective methods, thus accelerating progress in the field of food science. However, relevant research papers in this field present several challenges such as regional and ethnic differences and lack of standardized data. To tackle this problem, our study proposes to address the issues by acquiring and normalizing food and biological big data. In addition, the paper demonstrates the association between heath status and biological big data such as metabolome, epigenome, and microbiome for personalized healthcare. Through the integration of food-health-bio data with AI technologies, we propose solutions for personalized healthcare that are both effective and validated.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to contribute to the modulation of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation seen in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The present study was performed to investigate the fertility competence of TLR4 knock out male mice (TLR4 mice) on a high-fat diet (HFD), compared to a normal-chow diet (NCD). The controls included wildtype (WT) mice fed on a HFD or NCD. Six-week-old male mice were fed with either a NCD or HFD for 20 weeks. Body and organ weights, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides and hepatoxicity, sperm quality and spermatogenesis were observed after the sacrifice. Also, randomly selected male mice were mated with virgin female mice after feeding of 19 weeks. The weight of the body and organs increased in WT and TLR4 mice on a HFD compared to those of mice on a NCD. The weights of the reproductive organs did not vary among the treatment groups. The motility and concentration of the epididymal spermatozoa decreased in both WT and TLR4 mice fed a HFD. The pregnancy rate and litter size declined in the HFD-fed WT mice compared to the HFD-fed TLR4 mice. In conclusion, the HFD alters energy and steroid metabolism in mice, which may lead to male reproductive disorders. However, fertility competence was somewhat restored in HFD-fed TLR4 male mice, suggesting that the TLR4 is involved in testis dysfunction due to metabolic imbalance.

본 연구는 1959년 일본의 재일조선인 북한송환(북송) 발표 직후인 2월 부터 6월까지 한일 양국의 국회에서는 재일조선인 북송에 대해 어떻게 논의를 전개하였는지 분석하였다. 즉, 본 연구의 질문은 ‘1959년 초반 한국 국회와 일본 국회는 재일조선인 북송 문제에 대해 어떠한 논의를 했는가?’이다. 이에 답하기 위해 본 연구는 한국 국회와 일본 국회의 1959년 회의록을 분석했고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 한국의 국회는 북한을 주권국가가 아니라고 보며 일본의 재일조선인 북송 계획에 반대 하는 논의를 하였다. 그러나 시간이 지나면서 국회 내의 의견 차이로 한 국 국회가 재일조선인 북송 문제 해결을 위한 구체적이고 본격적인 논의 를 진행하는 것은 어려웠다. 반면 일본의 국회는 한국 정부와의 관계 악 화를 우려해 재일조선인 북송 문제를 한일회담과 구분하여 처리하는 방 안을 논의했다. 또한, 일본 국회는 일본 정부가 북송 문제에 직접 관여하 지 않도록 국제적십자위원회가 재일조선인 북송 문제를 주도하여 해결해 야 한다는 방침을 세우며, 동시에 북송 실행을 위해 북한적십자사와의 회담에서 원만한 해결을 위해 논의를 확장하였다. 그러므로 재일조선인 북송 문제에 대한 1959년 2월부터 6월까지의 한국과 일본의 양국 국회 의 논의를 비교하면, 일본 국회의 논의가 한국의 국회 논의보다 구체적 이고 적극적이었다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 이후 1959년 12월 재일조선인 의 북송은 결국 실행되었다.

본 연구의 목적은 5% 녹두(Phaseolus aureus L.)의 급여가 고지혈증 유발 Sprague-Dawley (SD)계 흰쥐의 혈청 blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine 및 요산(uric acid)의 농도와 aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), amylase, lipase 및 catalase 활성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 시행하였다. 연구 결과 녹두는 고지혈증으로 유발된 흰쥐의 혈청 BUN, creatinine, 요산 농도 및 AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase, lipase의 활성 감소와 catalase 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 녹두는 신장과 간 등의 기능 개선과 예방에 효과적일 것으로 판단되어 기능성 소재로서의 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 기 대된다.