서울시는 2015년 공공자전거 서비스인 ‘따릉이’를 시작으로, 2020년에는 소형 자전거가 필요한 시민을 위해 기존 따릉이 에서 무게와 크기를 줄인 ‘새싹따릉이’를 추가로 도입하였다. 새싹따릉이는 주로 청소년을 대상으로 하며, 일반 따릉이의 이용 가능 연령이 만 15세 이상인 것과 달리, 만 13세 이상부터 이용할 수 있도록 연령 제한을 낮추었다. 자전거도로가 상대적으로 잘 갖춰진 송파구·강동구·은평구를 중심으로 배치되어 운행을 시작하였으며, 점차 배치 수량과 지역을 넓혀 현재 5,000대가 서울시에서 운영되고 있다. 하지만, 새싹따릉이의 전체적인 배치 수량이 충분함에도 일반 따릉이에 비해 1대당 자전거 이용률이 낮다는 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 이는 배치 물량의 부족이 아닌 청소년의 이동 패턴과 주요 활동 공간이 충분히 반영되지 않은 배치 방식에서 기인한 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 새싹따릉이의 효율적 운영을 위해 네트워크 중심성 분석으로 매개 중심성을 판단하고 청소년 이동 네트워크 내에서 주요 경유지 역할을 하는 정류소 를 식별하고자 한다. 청소년 이동 패턴을 기반으로 연구를 수행하고자 청소년 지하철 OD 데이터와 따릉이 정류소 위치 데이터를 수집하고, 매개 중심성을 계산하여 중요한 경유지 역할을 하는 정류소를 식별하였다. 매개 중심성이 높은 정류 소를 우선적으로 새싹따릉이 배치 대상지로 선정하고, 추가적으로 신규 정류소가 필요한 지역 또한 제시하여 새싹따릉이 네트워크 확장도 고려할 예정이다. 본 연구가 새싹따릉이의 특성을 고려한 배치 방식을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 함에 따 라 새싹따릉이 이용률 향상과 대중교통과의 연계성 강화에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

이 연구의 목적은 연안여객선의 운영실태와 문제점을 살펴보고, 사고 예방을 위한 효과적인 운영방안을 고찰하는 것이다. 일반 적으로 여객선 사고는 세월호·서해훼리호 사고 등에서 알 수 있듯이 인명·재산·해양환경 등에 막대한 피해는 물론 재난으로 확대되는 경 향이 있어 사고를 예방할 수 있는 근본적인 대책이 필요하다. 연안여객선 안전관리에 있어서 최대의 난제는 세월호 사고에서도 드러났듯 이 선박의 노후화와 선원의 열악한 근무환경이다. 이를 해결하기 위해 정부가 이차보전사업, 선박현대화 펀드, 보조항로 준공영제 도입 등의 정책을 추진하고 있으나, 제대로 실현되지 않고 있다. 이는 대다수 선사가 영세하고, 해상의 대중교통이 정책적 우선순위에서 육상 의 대중교통에 비해 소외되어 선체 노후화 심화, 여객 수요 감소, 선사의 재정 악화, 여객과 안전에 대한 재투자 감소, 다시 여건 악화로 이어지는 악순환이 반복되고 있기 때문이다. 이에 연안여객선 안전관리 현황 및 운영실태, 사고 현황 및 사례, 선원의 현황 및 실태, 국내 외 연안여객선 운영 사례, 연안여객선 종사자의 설문조사 및 인터뷰 등을 토대로 연안여객선의 공영제 실시, 여객선 안전관리 해양경찰청 으로 일원화 등의 연안여객선의 효과적인 운영방안을 제시한다.

본 논문의 주요 목적은 총체전력 정책(TFP, Total Forces Policy) 차원에 서 국방동원 환경 변화에 부합하는 우리 군의 예비전력의 역할 변화와 방안 방향에 대해 제시하는 봄에 있다. 이를 위해서 주요 분석 요소는 미래 국방 동원 환경 변화에 따른 예비전력의 운용과 역할 변화, 국방동원에 대한 인식 전환, 4차 산업기술을 활용한 과학화 예비군훈련장의 구축 현황과 활용 방안이다. 장기화되고 있는 러-우 전쟁에서 볼 수 있듯이, 미래전의 양상과 인구급감에 따른 첨단 과학기술 중심의 군 구조 개편 등을 고려해 볼 때, 상 비군 중심의 전투에 예비군이 보완하는 형태의 전쟁 수행은 어려울 것이다. 국가 총체전력 차원에서 유사시 전장에서 상비전력과의 동반전력으로 전쟁 을 억제하고 전쟁의 지속능력을 보장할 수 있는 예비전력에 대한 인식 전환 을 통해 예산 확보와 주요 핵심 필요한 역할 등을 점진적으로 확대해야 한 다. 따라서 다양한 분쟁 상황에 대비하여 예비군을 필요한 시기와 장소에 적시적으로 보충하기 위해서 과학화 예비군훈련장을 중심으로 장비와 물 자를 편성해서 실전적 훈련이 꾸준히 전개돼야 한다.

In order to solve the rapidly increasing domestic delivery volume and various problems in the recent metropolitan area, domestic researchers are conducting research on the development of “Urban Logistics System Using Underground Space” using existing urban railway facilities in the city. Safety analysis and scenario analysis should be performed for the safe system design of the new concept logistics system, but the scenario analysis techniques performed in previous studies so far do not have standards and are defined differently depending on the domain, subject, or purpose. In addition, it is necessary to improve the difficulty of clearly defining the control structure and the omission of UCA in the existing STPA safety analysis. In this study, an improved scenario table is proposed for the AGV horizontal transport device, which is a key equipment of an urban logistics system using underground space, and a process model is proposed by linking systematic STPA safety analysis and scenario analysis, and UCA and Control Structure Guidelines are provided to create a safety analysis.

Continued efforts to build up Safety Management System(SMS) and to improve its efficiency in airports, to which customers have direct access, are taken for granted due to continuous development of the aviation industry in both quantity and quality and rapid growth of air transportation market. This thesis proposed efficient operation methods of SMS for domestic airport organizations including Incheon International Airport(IIA), the largest airport in South Korea, aiming at strengthening aviation safety from the perspective of airport operators who play a pivotal role in service provider SMS. Those are consolidation of the existing safety management organizations and various improvements to promote voluntary incident reporting system. To draw a proposal for the improvements, conducted a research on domestic safety management status, carried out an analysis on operating conditions and did a research on ICAO regulations, domestic legal system as well as statistics data. Relevant studies and researches were also gathered and analyzed. A search for further improvements can also help increase operational efficiency and promoting a higher-level of safety awareness among operators can establish mature safety culture at airports.

Membrane backwashing waste shows seasonally different characteristics and it has bad settleability differently from general backwashing waste in water treatment plant. When chemicals was injected to membrane backwashing waste, the settleability was better than chemicals was not injected. However, when settled lower sludge was not discharged, flowing sludge continuously was concentrated over a certain surface and floatation penomena occurred according to flowing velocity. When the lower sludge was discharged continuously in the thickener to prevent floatation penomena of turbidity materials, the depth of sludge surface was the least and the settleability increased.

Recently, Pharmaceutical Logistics Center in the introduction of automated equipment and systems for the efficiency of logistics is very important. However, the base of a distributed logistics, shipment data analysis and process improvement and automation, if not considered as an automated logistics center can not function well in many cases. To do this, we first classify the specific background factors in pharmaceutical environment factor and then develop the automation system model to analyze the factors that affect the pharmaceutical distribution center. We also develop a efficiency of Logistics Center thorough DPS(Digital Picking System), DPC(Digital Picking Cart System), Sorter such as factory automation equipment by improving the process and data analysis.

The revitalization of e-business via Internet brings big changes to the postal business, and leads to a tremendous increase of heavy and large sized postal mails with continuing growth of home delivery business. Thus, even though the number of intermediate storages for mail delivery that mailmen use for picking up mails in the middle of mail delivery has been being increased, it has still many problems such as insufficient number and size of the storages as well as avoidance of mail keeping of trust agents. It is necessary that safety of mail keeping, seamless mail delivery, and individual parcel pick-up process reestablish- ment should be made through an improved counter plan for the problems described previously. This study presents the efficient and right operational plan for the intermediate storage for mail delivery with providing the number and size of intermediate storages per mail delivery sequence according to four different types of post offices.

The revitalization of e-business via Internet brings big changes to the postal business, and leads to a tremendous increase of heavy and large sized postal mails with continuing growth of home delivery business. Thus, even though the number of intermediate storages for mail delivery that mailmen use for picking up mails in the middle of mail delivery has been being increased, it has still many problems such as insufficient number and size of the storages as well as avoidance of mail keeping of trust agents. It is necessary that safety of mail keeping, seamless mail delivery, and individual parcel pick-up process reestablishment should be made through an improved counter plan for the problems described previously. This study presents the efficient and right operational plan for the intermediate storage for mail delivery with providing the number and size of intermediate storages per mail delivery sequence according to four different types of post offices.

Korean population aging is proceeded the substance rapidly in the speed. Is expected to be aged society which old man population more than 65 years old reaches for 14% of the total population in 2022 because graying is accelerated more after pass over 7% in 2000 and change of sudden structure of population is giving very important influence in national policy establishment such as pension system, medical treatment system, economic growth. In particular, it is important problem that cause balance problem of redistribution that the speed of graying is sour in pension system. In the case of West Europe Nation, old man increase in population increases gently and have foreseen that graying age comes and prepare enough. But, that it is aging in occasion of our country that equip minimum basic appearance call, is facing in difficulty that should prepare to minimize contradictory influence that population aging gets on society whole within short period. It is post old poverty and fitness and real condition that political care and social preparation about support problem are pressing. Change of change serious low birthrate phenomenon and specific gravity that old man population dominates in the total population going in gear misgovernment that is accelerated more be. Welfare Budget is actuality that is reaching in very serious situation to be solved in graying. For old people's welfare service, woman brings important meaning of policy as culture and education and old age that work. Wishes to present prompting competition in cooperation plan etc.. diversified side and is effective more through approach social welfare management access with qualitative improved program development and effective operation plan, a related agency for efficiency of budget and seek efficient operation. And engines that supply old people's welfare grasp what want through improvement of service that is undifferentiated on the basis of these principles and fit service diversify · to service because should specialize necessity be.

The provisions regarding the standard cost for recycling stated under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) since 2002, include different and complicated obligatory steps to be taken on a variety of subject items regarding the collection, the transportation and the treatment, making the corporations face in their calculating and executing the standard cost. This study presents more objective calculation scope and standard for the purpose of efficient operation of the standard cost for recycling, in consideration of the general industry perception toward cost issue as well as domestic/overseas case studies regarding the standard cost for recycling. Besides, the study presents the checking items and the calculation contents per step to calculate the standard cost for recycling. Therefore, it is expected not only to be used as the objective standard to calculate the standard cost for recycling, but also to contribute to increasing the work efficiency in the following ongoing re-calculation process and to maintaining the consistent operation of the institution.

This research deals with multiple Gantry-type assembly machines for the optimization of PCB assembly line. The automated assembly machine has 6 nozzles which can linearly move the X axis and the Y axis different from the turret type assembly machine. Each

Today, many companies have introduced an ERP system - an enterprise resources planning - in order to improve corporate credibility through transparent management and for quick responses to market situations through quick decision making. After the construction of an ERP system, many companies are having difficulty in calculating the appropriate number of personnel required for running the system because of a lack of standard for doing so, as well as a lack of pertinent procedures. As a result, the companies are having to resort to a trial-and-error approach. Therefore this paper studied a model for calculating the appropriate number of personnel required for efficiently running an ERP system after its construction, as well as for constantly meeting its performance targets. The developed model was applied empirically to calculate an appropriate number of personnel required, and an organization was set up according to this. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present an optimized model for calculating the number of personnel required for operating an ERP system, that which addresses problems of existing models, in order to help companies organize the operation personnel and its size, as well as to provide more objectivity to the calculated number of personnel required and to improve credibility.